API PUBL 4676-1998 Arsenic Chemistry Fate Toxicity and Wastewater Treatment Options《砷 化学性质、灾难、毒性、废水处理方案》.pdf

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1、ARSENIC: CHEMISTRY, FATE, TOXICITY, AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT OPTIONS HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT PUBLICATION NUMBER 4676 OCTOBER 1998 STD=API/PETRO PUBL 4676-ENGL L778 0732270 ObLL774 2T3 I American Petroleum Institute American Pet ro leu m I nst i t u te Environmental, Health, and

2、Safety Mission and Guiding Principles I MISSION The nieinbers ofthe American Petroleirin Institute are dedicated to coritiiiuous efl)rts to improve the coniptibility of our operations with the etivirnrirneiit vt8hile econorniciilly developirig energy resourccs and siipplyiiig high quality products a

3、nd services to consuniers. We recognize our responsihili. to iiwk with the public, the goi1ernnierrt. lind others to develop urzd to ise natural resources in un eniiinni7ieiitully sound inantier ahile protecting the health atid scfety of our eniployees cind the piic. To ineet these responsibilities.

4、 API members pledge to niiinuge oi(r bu.siiiesses according to the ,fillowing principles idsing souiid science to prior-itire risks and to iniplement cost-efiective ninnagement practices: 0 To recognize and to respond to community concerns about our raw materials, products and operations. PRINCIPLES

5、 o To operate our plants and facilities. and to handle our raw materials and products in a manner that protects the environment. and the ufety and health of our employees and the public. o To make safety, health and environmental considerations a priority in our planning. and our development of new

6、products and processes. o To advise promptly, appropriate officials. employees, customers and the public of information on significan industry-related safety, health and enviroiiiiiental huards, and to recommend protective measures. o To counsel customers, transporters and others in the safe use, tr

7、ansportation and disposal of our raw materials, products and waste materials. o To economically develop and produce naturul resources and to conserve those resources by using energy efficiently. o To extend knowledge by conducting or supporting research on the safety. health and environmental effect

8、s of our raw materials, products, processes and waste materials. o To commit to reduce overall emission and waste generation. o To work with others to resolve problems created by handling and disposal of hazardous substances from our operations. o To participate with government and others in creatin

9、g responsible laws, regulations and standards to safeguard the community, workplace and environment. o To promote these principles and practices by sharing experiences and offering assistance to others who produce, handle, use, transport or dispose of similar raw materials, petroleum products and wa

10、stes. STD.API/PETRO PUBL 4676-ENGL 1998 m 0732290 0611995 13T Arsenic: Chemistry, Fate, Toxicity, and Wastewater Treatment Options Health and Environmental Sciences Department API PUBLICATION NUMBER 4676 PREPARED UNDER CONTRACT BY EA ENGINEERING, SCIENCE, AND TECHNOLOGY, INC. 15 LOVETON CIRCLE SPARK

11、S, MARYLAND 21 152 OCTOBER 1998 American Petroleum Institute STD.API/PETRO PUBL 4676-ENGL 1998 W 0732290 0633996 076 FOREWORD API PUBLICATIONS NECESSARILY ADDRESS PROBLEMS OF A GENERAL NATURE. WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES, LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS SHOULD BE REVIEWED

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13、IN ANY API PUBLICATION IS TO BE CONSTRUED AS GRANTING ANY RIGHT, BY IMPLICATION OR OTHERWISE, FOR THE MANU- FACTURE, SALE, OR USE OF ANY METHOD, APPARATUS, OR PRODUCT COV- ERED BY LETERS PATENT. NEITHER SHOULD ANYTHING CONTAINED IN ITY FOR INFRINGEMENT OF LETERS PATENT. THE PUBLICATION BE CONSTRUED

14、AS INSURING MONE AGAINST LIABIL- All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher Conract the publisher. API Publi

15、shing Services, 1220 L Street, N.W, Washington, D.C. 20005. Copyright Q 1998 American Petroleum institute iii STD.API/PETRO PUBL 4676-ENGL 1998 = 0732290 Ob11997 TO2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE ARE RECOGNIZED FOR THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS OF TIME AND EXPERTISE DURING THIS STUDY AND IN THE PREPARA

16、TION OF THIS REPORT: API STAFF CONTACT Alexis E. Steen, Health and Environmental Sciences Department MEMBERS OF THE BIOMONITORING TASK FORCE Philip Dom, Equilon Enterprise LLC, Chairperson Raymon Arnold, Exxon Biomedical Sciences, Inc. Marie T. BenKinney, Mobil Business Research Corporation* his Farmer, BP American R Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources, 5th Edition. AP-42 Group. U.S. EPA, Office of Air Quality. Research Triangle Park, NC. U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). 1996. Mineral Commodity Summaries, 1996. U.S. Bureau of Mines. 2-14