API PUBL 301-1989 Aboveground Storage Tank Survey《地上储罐调查》.pdf

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1、API PUBLX301 89 m 0732290 051Lbb9 44b m Aboveground Storage Tank Survey HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS API PUBLICATION NUMBER 301 APRIL 1989 American Petroleum Institute 1220 L Street, Northwest Washington, D.C. 20005 111 A API PUBL+301 B9 0732290 O511670 Lb8 Aboveground Storage Tank Survey Health

2、 and Environmental Affairs Department PUBLICATION NUMBER 301 PREPARED UNDER CONTRACT BY: R.A. CHRISTIENSEN R.F. EILBERT ENTROPY LIMITED LINCOLN, MASSACHUSETTS APRIL 1989 American Petroleum lnstltute API PUBL*301 89 m 0732290 0511671 OT4 m FOREWORD API PUBLICATIONS NECESSARILY ADDRESS PROBLEMS OF A G

3、ENERAL NATURE. WITH RESPECT TO PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES, LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS SHOULD BE REVIEWED. API IS NOT UNDERTmG TO MEET THE DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS, MANUFAC- TURERS, OR SUPPLIERS To WARN AND PROPERLY TRAIN AND EQUIP THEIR EMPLOYEES, AND OTHERS EXPOSED, CONCERNING HEALTH A

4、ND SAFETY RISKS AND PRECAUTIONS, NOR UNDERTAKING THEIR OBLIGATIONS UNDER LOCAL, STATE, OR FEDERAL LAWS. NOTHING CONTAINED IN ANY API PUBLICATION IS TO BE CONSTRUED AS GRANTING ANY RIGHT, BY IMPLICATION OR OTHERWISE, FOR THE MANU- FACTURE, SALE, OR USE OF ANY METHOD. APPARATUS, OR PRODUCT COV- ERED B

5、Y LETTERS PATENT. NEITHER SHOULD ANYTHING CONTAINED IN ITY FOR INFRINGEMENT OF LETIERS PAm. THE PUBLICATION BE CONSTRUED AS INSURING ANYONE AGAINST LIABIL- Copyright 0 1993 American petroleum Institute ii API PUBLlk301 89 m 0732290 0511672 T30 m EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This technical report describes the

6、results of the Aboveground Storage Tank Survey conducted for the American Petroleum Institute by Entropy Limited. The survey covers all segments of the petroleum industry, namely marketing, refining, transportation and production. A total of 76,708 tanks were counted, including 75,369 tanks in the A

7、PI field survey plus 1339 additional tanks in the marketing area from data supplied by the Petroleum Marketing Association of America (PMAA). This survey does not include what is believed to be a small part of the total tank population such as tanks at user locations (e.g., utility fuel storage). Ba

8、sed upon statistical analysis of these surveyed tanks into stratification groups, the total number of tanks nationally is estimated at approximately 700,000. This includes approximately 89,000 in marketing, 30,000 in refining, 9,000 in transportation and 572,000 in production. Table S-1 shows the nu

9、mber of tanks and their total shell capacity by industry sector. Table S-l. National estimates by industry sector, number of tanks and total shell capacity. Number Total She1 1 Tanks Capacity (MBbls) Marketing 88,529 Refining 29,727 Transportation 9,197 Production 486,925 945,092 556,183 Tank sizes,

10、 ages and other characteristics are covered in the survey. Table S-2 shows the estimated distribution of tanks nationally by industry sector and size. The largest portion (82.8%) comprises the smallest size category, 26 to 500 Bbls. The next largest portion (6.4%) is the 500 to 1000 Bbls size range.

11、 Only 0.6% of the tanks are over 100,000 Bbls. Table S-2. National estimates by industry sector, numbers of tanks by shell capacity (bbls). 26 to +500 to +1 M to +10 M to +lo0 M 500 1M 10 M 100 M Marketing 64.793 Tnr 7” l. 469 416 Refining- 3,913 2 460 9; 665 11 i629 2,060 Transportation 6 94 307 1,

12、468 5,048 1,680 Production 510,045 37 ,628 23,946 974 27 579,445 44,812 42,513 29,120 4,183 .- 1 API PUBLx30L 89 m 0732290 0511673 977 m For tanks of known ages, the largest portion (32.1%) comprises the 0-10 year age range. The next largest (26.6%) is the 11-20 year range. Table S-3 gives the age d

13、istributions by industry sector as well as the national total age distribution. Table S-3. National estimates by industry sector, numbers of tanks by age (years). 0-10 11 -20 21-30 31 -40 41+ Unkn Market i ng Refining Transportation 876 1,376 1,831 2,096 2,666 352 Production -186,150- * 212 440 167

14、863 112 131 28 865 13 109 38 212 The survey also covers type of material contained in the tanks and type of tank construction. Detailed breakouts by material and construction types for each industry sector are given in the corresponding sections of this report. The figures for distance from navigabl

15、e waters were also surveyed. Totalling the numbers of facilities in marketing, refining and transportation, 48.8% are over 5 miles, 20.1% are 1 to 5 miles, 7.8% are 1/2 to 1 mile, 7.4% are 1/4 to 112 mile, and 15.9% are less than 1/4 mile from navigable waters. For production, 23.9% of the tanks are

16、 over 5 miles, 21.0% are 1 to 5 miles, 14.5% are 112 to 1 mile, 15.0% are 1/4 to 112 mile, and 25.6% are less than 1/4 mile from navigable waters. In the estimated national totals, the percentage of facilities covered by SPCC regulation (40CFR112) is 91.6% for marketing, 100% for refining, and 37.3%

17、 for transportation. The percentage with written spill contingency plans is 96.0% for marketing, 97.6% for refining and 79.7% for transportation. In production, these figures were tabulated on a tank basis, with 58.2% of the tanks covered by SPCC plans, and 47.6% covered by written spill contingency

18、 plans. The bulk of transportation facilities are not covered by SPCC regulations, but are covered by DOT-oil spill contingency regulations. 2 API PUBL*3OL 89 m 0732290 05LLb74 803 m MARKET1 NG There are an estimated 88,529 aboveground storage tanks at marketing sites in the U.S. representing the to

19、tal demand for petroleum products, including motor gasoline, jet fuel, distillates, residuals and other. To achieve this estimate, API survey data has been supplemented with marketing facility surveys from the PMAA. The data supplied by PMAA members (Table M-4b) are incomplete in same respects, so t

20、hat they have not been combined with the API marketing totals (Table M-4a). Valid surveys from API companies were received for 395 facilities while results from an additional 169 facilities were obtained through the, P“. In order to obtain a reliable estimate of total U.S. tankage, it is necessary t

21、o stratify the Sam le. Unstratified extrapolation based on sales figures, which are 116,659 MB E l/Month for the 395 API survey respondents and 17,131 MBbl/Day nationally as of the end of 1986 , would produce an underestimate because of the distribution of survey respondents by sales. Unstratified e

22、xtrapolation based on number of facilities, which is 395 for the API survey and 12,424 for the nation as a whole (the 1982 Census of Wholesale Trade estimates the number of bulk plants and terminals at 10,131 and 2,293 respectively-1P gas facilities excluded), would produce an overestimate because t

23、he API survey has a disproportionate number of large terminals, which tend to have a high number of tanks per facility (see Table M-2). Stratification of the components of the tankage by type of material is not possible because of differences between the portions categorized as heavy oils in nationa

24、l data definitions and the portions so categorized in the survey responses. Of course, it would be necessary to separate aboveground from underground storage capacity, and this generally precludes using this factor for the stratification. Stratified estimation is possible by keying against total fac

25、ility storage capacity. Storage capacity in the national census technically includes both AST and UST storage. However, virtually all storage at terminals and roughly 90% of bulk plant storage is above ground. Stratification is based on five facility storage capacity groups: below 2,500 Bbl, 2,500 -

26、 24,999 Bbl, 25,000 - 149,999 Bbl, 150,000 - 499,999 Bbl, and 500,000 Bbl and above. * “1987 Energy Statistics Sourcebook,“ p. 239. 3 API PUBL*3OL 89 W 0732290 05LLb75 7YT W Table M-I gives the estimation of ASTs based on these groupings. API and PMAA survey responses are combined to achieve better

27、coverage in all five groups . Table M-1 Extrapolation of survey tanks to U.S. totals (API and PMAA data) Survey National Survey Estimated Estimated Fac i 1 i ty Group Storage Storage Tanks National National Total Facility Capacity Capacity* Tanks* Tanks S torage (MBbl) (MBbl) (AST and UST) (AST only

28、) (1) below 2.5 MBbl 168.1 7,865 637 29,804 26,824 (2) 2.5 - 24.9 MBbl 646.5 39,041 780 47,103 42,393 (3) 25 - 149.9 MBbl 12,770 95,654 1 , 034 7 , 745 7,745 (4) 150 - 499.9 MBbl 43,984 . 141,803 1,649 5,316 5,316 (5) 500 MBbl and above 57,305 206,951 1,731 6,251 6,251 Totals 114,874 491,314 5,831 9

29、6 , 219 88,529 *National storage capacity and national tank estimates include underground storage tanks (USTs) as well as ASTs. Removal of the UST population is discussed below. The representativeness of the current survey is given in Table M-2 in terms of percent of facilities and percent of storag

30、e capacity. Table M-2 Representativeness of current survey (API and PMAA data) National Surveyed Surveyed Surveyed number of number of facilities capacity facilities facilities (% of U.S.) (% of U.S.) 5,317 121 2.3 % 2.1 % 4,917 81 1.6 1.7 1,480 145 9.8 13.4 525 160 30.5 31 .O 185 57 30.8 7 27.7 12,

31、424 564 4.5 23.4 4 Table M-3 characterizes the groups in terms of per tank thruput and capacity for the survey data. Table M-3 Characteristics of stratification groups Facility Tanks/ Thruput* (MBbl/D) Capacity ( MBb 1 ) Thruput* per Group facility per tank per facility per tank per facility Capacit

32、y (Bbl/Bbl-D) (1) 5.2 1.6* 9* 0.3 (2) 9.6 7.3* 33* 0.8 8.0 7.9 2.34* (3 1 7.1 23.7 163 12.3 88.1 64.6 1.83 (4) 10.3 32.8 346 26.7 274.9 270.1 1.26 (5) 30.4 24.7 763 33.1 1005.4 1118.7 0.77 .-, 1%. 4*99* (API only) (API only) (API only) *Throughput data for some of the facilities in the groups (1) an

33、d (2) have been estimated. -Al1 throughput data and throughput per capacity ratios are derived from API survey respondents only. Bureau data for the U.S. Group (2) exhibits an anomalously high value for tanks per facility. In this respect, the API and PMAA samples differ, PMAA data exhibiting a high

34、er ratio. The capacity per facility ratio for the survey closely matches Census An estimated adjustment to exclude USTs from the extrapolation can be achieved by reducing the U.S. tank totals by 10% for the bulk plant subpopu- lation. This subpopulation approximately coincides with groups (1) and (Z

35、), which jointly consist of 10,234 U.S. facilities. From Table M-1, 10% of the group (1) and (2) tanks equals 7667.3. Reducing the overall U.S. totals by this amount gives an adjusted total of 88,318 above ground storage tanks. facilities, respectively, Note that PMAA data were surveyed for only the

36、 two tank size ranges 25-1000 Bbl and over 1000 Bbl. National estimates for marketing tank populations are presented in Table “5. Table M-4 contains the survey totals for (a) API and (b) PMAA marketing 5 O API PUBL*301 B9 M 0732290 0511677 512 M “ O 1 O00 2000 CAPACITY (MBBL) 3000 Figure M-1. Linear

37、 trend line and its uncertainty in fitting the number of aboveground storage tanks versus facil ity storage capacity for 395 marketing facilities. 1 4000 6 -m fota 1 47 347 1242 1896 ka 287 477 4492 Survey totals for MARKETING (API only) Fom capleted by Tl tl e ml1 ddresr eftJ State - 24P Crclllty n

38、me 1 Mddrers Clty ftrtr - fotrl aonthly thruput (thousands of brrrelr out of frcillty). 116,659 21 P Capw Phone 1. Indkrte wlth M X. the lndustry functlon that best de8crlbes the frclllty (nark only onrl. Pctrolru Dtrketlng 395 -. - Petrolem trmsportrtlon Petrolem rcflnlng Utllltles Petroteu poductl

39、on Chrlcrl amufrcturlng Other (speclfyl? 2. Word the nukr of above ground trnlu (acludlng elevated tanks) at thlr frcltlty rccordlng ts each type of artcrlrl bclng stored by the tank crprclty range lndlcrted (wlthln one M=thousmd barrels). Total Capacity equals the rmned shell storage crpwftlrs of r

40、11 tanks with the speclfltd material. 3. Racord the nmkr of above ground tanks rt thls frcllfty rccordlng to etch type of tank censtructfon by th age range lndlcrted. tac tanks aay flt aon than one of the crtcgorlcs. In such crses, enter then mly ln the flrst rppllcrble category rpperrlng ln the lls

41、t below. For ample, r nconstrvcted fleld-ueldd tank should be llstd as reconstructed. and not 8s uelded. Tota 1 30 34 1 35 907 - 3167 4. Indlcrte the plmrry modes of arterial ncrlpt (RI andlor shlpent ($1 rt thls frclllty. PhCe the rpproprlate letter(s) (R, S, or U) besldr ereh pinry moda of transpo

42、rt. Also, lndlcrte wlth m X th frcllItyls dfSt8nCe to Ute nearest nrrlgIblr uters. We of melpt/shlprnt: R S Dlstrmr to nrvlglble waters: Plp llne Rrll car Mrrlnc vessel 75 29 +1/2 to 1 alle Truck trrnsport 91 337 +I to 5 mile, Other (spcclfy): 1 1 over S nlles 1 O0 - TBj% less than 1l4 rlle 132 +1/4

43、 to 112 alle 32 - 13 9 - 5. Ir thls facility covered by SPCC regulrtlonr (4OCFR112)t yes no L 6. ber this Cactllty have 4 wltten spill conttngcncy plan? yes a no 2 Form 05/13/88 7 m 0732290 05LLb79 395 M laole m-40 Survey totals for MARKETING (PMAA members) 4 . . . -“. . Total 12 24 226 575 405 O 83

44、 Fom completed by tltle Mail rddress city State - Facll ity ame 4 address City State - UP Total aonthly thruput (thousands of barrels Out Of facility) , Insufficient Data 1. Indlcate with an .Xm the Industry function that best describes the facility hark only one). COnPrnY Phone c zip Petroleum mukc

45、tlng 169 (PMAA only) Petroleu transportation Petrolem refining Utllitles Pctrolem production Chalcal aanufacturlng Other Ispeclfy): - 2. Record the nmber of above ground knks (excluding elevated tankt1 at this facllity accordfng to , each type of matetlal being storcd by the tank capacity range indl

46、catcd (wlthin one Hthattsrd barrels). Vote1 Clpsclty equals the sunned shell storage capacitlrs of at1 tanks with the spcrtfitd materlal. . 3. Racord the nmbrr of above ground knks at thts faclllty recording to each type of ttnk conrtructlon by the age range ladicated. Sm tankt #ay flt mon than one

47、of the cttegorics. In such ewes, tnter them only ln the tlrst appllcrble category appearing ln the list below. For umple, I mconstrwted fleld-welded tank should be listed as .reconstructedm rnd not as mwelded.m Total 346 50 564 79 260 1299 - 1. Indicate the prlaary nodes of arterial receipt (R) and/

48、or shipcnt (5) at this facllity, Place the appropriate lctttrs) R, S, or RSlberidc each primary node of transport. A!so, indicate with an .Xm the fac1lPtyr distance to the nearest ntvtglble waters. Hode of recelpt/shlplmt: - S Distrnce to nwigable waters: Pipe line 15 3 less than 114 alle 23 Rail ca

49、r 1 O +I14 to 1/2 nile 11 Marlne vessel 7 O +1/2 to 1 alle 10 Truck transport 142 144 +1 to S miles 30 Other (speclfyl: 1 5 over 5 miles 70 5. Is thls faclllty covered by SPCC regulatlons (4OFFR112)? yes u no 18 6. Docs this fsclllty have 4 written spill contlngcncy plan? yes 156 P? 10 Farn, 05/13/88 8 API PUBL*3OL 89 0732290 05LLbBO 007 To ta 1 Tota 1 19459 3037 32364 8836 24833 88529 Table M-5. Estimated U.S. ASTS for MARKETING 1. Indicate with an X the industry function that best descrlbes the facllity (QWk only one). Petroleum rarketing 11305 Petroleum