API PUBL 2566-2004 State of the Art Multiphase Flow Metering (First Edition)《最先进的多相计量的状态.第1版》.pdf
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1、 State of the Art Multiphase Flow Metering API PUBLICATION 2566 FIRST EDITION, MAY 2004 State of the Art Multiphase Flow Metering Measurement Coordination API PUBLICATION 2566 FIRST EDITION, MAY 2004 SPECIAL NOTES API publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect to par
2、ticular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed. API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions,
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4、 data sheet. Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring
5、 anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent. Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. Sometimes a one-time extension of up to two years will be added to this review cycle. This publication will no longer be in effect five
6、 years after its publication date as an operative API standard or, where an extension has been granted, upon republication. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Standards department telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications, programs and services is published annua
7、lly and updated biannually by API, and available through Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, M/S C303B, Englewood, CO 80112-5776. API standards are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operating practices. These standards are not intended t
8、o obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should be utilized. The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices. Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in con
9、formance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent, warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard. All rights reserved. No part of thi
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11、ght 2004 American Petroleum Institute FOREWORD API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connect
12、ion with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict. Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to
13、API, Standards department, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org. API Project 2002-100094 API COPM WHITE PAPER STATE OF THE ART MULTIPHASE FLOW METERING This “White Paper” provides information on multiphase flow metering systems gleaned from more than 150 published documents that
14、 are in the public domain. The documentation was prepared from information obtained through mid-2002. No additional research has been funded in the development of this report. It should be noted that the indicated performances data stated in these published documents have not necessarily been verifi
15、ed by an independent body. The listing of these references in the Appendix 2 is intended to provide a comprehensive source of data and information on multiphase metering; the reader needs to carefully review the source of the data in the documents when utilizing the information. The “White Paper” wa
16、s commissioned by the American Petroleum Institute (API) Committee on Petroleum Measurement (COLM) to be used as a framework in the development of “Recommended Practices” on the application of multiphase flow meters in Upstream Production Operations. The format of this white paper follows substantia
17、lly the outline developed for this project by the Multiphase Metering Standards Task Group. The term “multiphase metering” in its broadest interpretation is referred to both the wet gas metering as well as the measurement of oil, water, and gas streams. Whether one is conducting a “wet gas” or “mult
18、iphase” measurement typically depends on which fluid, (oil or gas) is the primary production as well as the type of equipment used. At the time of gathering this information there were over 1000 installations worldwide that use the multiphase metering technology to achieve improved production measur
19、ements and well testing. These multiphase metering systems have utilized four major processes, as shown in Figure 7 of the report, to obtain singlephase flow rates from a multiphase flow stream. The four processes include the conditioning of flow stream, volumetric component measurements, component
20、velocity measurements, and modeling of the multiphase flow. These subjects are discussed in Sections 1-7 of the report. The objective of these sections is to provide the reader with a working knowledge of the principle techniques used in multiphase measurements. This background is used, in Section 8
21、, to propose a classification for multiphase metering systems. Sections 9 and 10 review methods used to specify and assess the performance of the multiphase meters. The developments in wet gas metering have come from two different directions. A large amount of effort has gone into developing “correc
22、tion factors” to improve the accuracy of single-phase gas metering devices that are used in conditions Final Report April 2004 2 v API Project 2002-100094 where a small amount of liquid is present. On the other hand, elements of the multiphase metering technology have been modified to develop wet ga
23、s metering systems. Sections 12-15 discuss types of wet gas, measurement techniques used in wet gas metering, and the performance of wet gas metering systems. Performance assessment and verification of multiphase and wet gas meters are complicated by the lack of commonly accepted protocol and standa
24、rds. Current approaches used by operators and industry projects to address these issues are discussed in Section 17. Guidelines to be used for installations, qualification testing, and field testing of multiphase and wet gas metering systems are discussed in Sections 18-21. The users of multiphase a
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