API GUIDELINES-2009 GUIDELINES FOR PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT《资产开发用导则》.pdf

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1、GUIDELINESF O R P R O P E R T Y D E V E L O P M E N TA M E R I C A N P E T R O L E U M I N S T I T U T ETABLE OF CONTENTS SPECIAL THANKSGUIDELINESFOR PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT1GUIDELINES FOR PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT3GUIDELINES FOR CROSSING PIPELINES, GAS TRANSMISSION LINES, MAINS AND SERVICE CONNECTIONS5GUID

2、ELINES FOR AGRICULTURE: FIELD TILE DITCHING AND DEEP PLOWING7GUIDELINES FOR BORING, DRILLING, AND TUNNELING9GUIDELINES FOR OVERHEAD AND BURIED POWER AND COMMUNICATION CABLES INCLUDINGFIBER OPTICS11GUIDELINES FOR ROADS, RAILROADS, PAVED LOTS, AND HEAVY EQUIPMENT VEHICLES13GUIDELINES FOR PROPERTY IMPR

3、OVEMENTS15GUIDELINES FOR NON-EXPLOSIVE SEISMIC TESTING AND BLASTING OPERATIONS17PIPELINE SAFETY AWARENESS19THE ONE CALL SYSTEM20SPECIAL NOTESMarathon Pipe Line LLCs publication by thesame name was the model for this work.THE LIQUID PETROLEUM PIPELINE INDUSTRYhas developed these guidelines to improve

4、 understanding and increase awareness of thenature of underground pipelines that transportoil, petroleum products, natural gas liquids andother hazardous liquids (collectively “pipelines”or “pipeline” throughout this document) andhow to conduct land development and use activity near pipeline rights-

5、of-way. The guidelines are intended for use by anyone who is involved in land development, agriculture and excavation/construction activities near apipeline. The industrys goal is to protect publicsafety of the people who live and work alongpipeline rights-of-way, protect the environmentalong rights

6、-of-way, and maintain the integrityof the pipeline so that petroleum products canbe delivered to customers safely and withoutinterruption.A pipeline right-of-way (ROW) is property inwhich a pipeline company and a landownerboth have a legal interest. Each has a right tobe there, although each has a d

7、ifferent type of use for the land. Pipeline companies are granted permission from private landowners to transport petroleum products across their private lands.That permission is documented in a writtenagreement called an easement, and it is obtained though purchase, license, or by agreement with th

8、e landowner. In cases where the land is owned by the government whether local, state or federal similararrangements for easements, licenses or occupancy agreements are obtained.The pipeline company and the landownergranting the pipeline easement are not the only ones who have access to the pipelineR

9、OW. Third parties doing business along theROW are also vital partners in protecting theenvironment by keeping pipelines safe and free of accidents. The cooperation of everyoneinvolved in property development including,but not limited to, real estate brokers, agents,developers, engineers, architects,

10、 general contractors and their subcontractors, and localelected officials and government staff is essential. Construction work done anywherenear a pipeline, even in a homeowners backyard, can affect the integrity and safety of underground pipelines. The pipeline industry hopes that these guidelines

11、will help both pipeline operators and peopleworking and living along pipeline rights-of-way to better understand their respective responsibilities for maintaining the safety ofthis vital, but invisible, transportation system.A pipeline requires regular observation, integrity assessment and maintenan

12、ce to maintain thesafety of its operations. Part of that task is toensure that the pipeline ROW is kept clear oftrees, structures and other encroachments thatmight interfere with the safe operation of thepipeline and the pipeline companys access tothe line.One of the key facilitators of ROW inspecti

13、on is ROW clearing. Good communications between the pipeline operator and the public are important in minimizing any issues between the publicand the pipeline operator, especially during initial clearing activities.ROW clearing is performed for a variety of reasons with the paramount reason beingsaf

14、ety. ROW clearing enables: Aerial surveillance Patrols are completed to detect potentially harmful excavation activities along the pipeline ROW and visually assure no releases have occurred. Damage prevention A clear ROW provides a visual corridor so the pipeline can be protected from unauthorized e

15、xcavation and development. Routine maintenance access Clear access to the pipeline is critical to completing required maintenance in a safe, efficient and effective manner. Emergency response access Clear access to the pipeline allows for a prompt response in the event of an emergency. Corrosion pro

16、tection Tree roots can wrap around a pipeline, damaging the protective coating of the pipeline, compromising effortsto avoid pipeline corrosion.1GUIDELINESFOR PROPERTY DEVELOPMENTThere are multitudes of underground facilities,some transporting volatile liquids or natural gasunder high pressure. Many

17、 pipelines wereplaced in the ground years ago. Over time,what was once pastureland may now be someones backyard, a residential developmentor a new business. With advance planning and shared information, future economic development can be done safely and in themost cost-effective manner for the devel

18、operand the pipeline company. Most damage to pipelines is avoidable throughbetter advance planning and using the ONECALL SYSTEM, which can be accessed by dialing 811 on your telephone. The One CallSystem is a free public service established bystate agencies, non-profit entities or public utilities t

19、o provide underground utility locatingand marking for those who plan to dig or excavate in the vicinity of a utility. Always use the One Call System in your statebefore undertaking a project that includes excavation or digging underground. Never assume that you know the location of pipelines. The pe

20、rmanent aboveground markers along thepipeline route are not exact indicators of thepipeline location pipelines have bends andcan change direction with no aboveground indication; the depths of the pipeline may varysubstantially within even short distances; andmore than one line or utility may exist w

21、ithin a single right-of-way.2GUIDELINESFOR PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT3COMMON GUIDELINES“Foreign pipeline” means any hazardous liquidpipeline, gas transmission line, main, serviceconnection, and utility pipe such as water line,sewer line or any other pipeline installed within the right-of-way (ROW) of an e

22、xistinghazardous liquid pipeline.A foreign pipeline crossing should cross perpendicular, or as close as possible to 90 degrees to the existing pipeline and its designated ROW.A foreign pipeline should not run parallel ornearly parallel to an existing pipeline within the boundaries of the ROW for the

23、 existingpipeline, or within 25 feet of the existingpipeline without specific written approval fromthe company operating the existing pipeline.(Note this distance may vary amongpipeline operators so it is important tocheck with the pipeline operator during the design phase of the project.)The placem

24、ent of the foreign pipeline should alsobe consistent with the existing easementagreement. A foreign pipeline should cross underneath anexisting pipeline with a minimum clearance of24 inches. This elevation should be maintainedacross the entire width of the right-of-way forthe existing pipeline. Clea

25、rance of at least 24inches should also be maintained between theexisting pipeline and any other buried structure.If the existing pipeline is unusually deep at thecrossing location, the operator of the existingpipeline may consider allowing the foreignpipeline to cross over the existing pipeline aslo

26、ng as the facility is protected in some othermanner acceptable to the operator of the existing pipeline. Pipeline markers or identifying markers shouldbe located to indicate the route of the foreign pipeline across the ROW of an existing pipeline. Such markers should adhere to regulatory standards a

27、nd API Recommended Practice 1109, Marking Liquid Petroleum Pipeline Facilities.METALLIC PIPELINESForeign pipelines, other than utility lines,should install cathodic protection bonds andpotential leads at all crossings and terminatethem at aboveground locations. The operator of the existing pipeline

28、will install all test leadson the existing pipeline.The foreign pipeline should be coated with asuitable pipe coating for a distance of at least50 feet on either side of the crossing. (Notethis distance may vary among pipeline operators so it is important to check withthe pipeline operator during th

29、e designphase of the project.)A warning tape, or warning mesh, should beused to indicate the location of a foreignpipeline for a distance of 25 feet on either sideof the existing pipeline.NONMETALLIC PIPELINESA tracer wire for a nonmetallic foreign pipelineshould be installed to assist in locating i

30、t in addition to the above-mentioned warning tape.GUIDELINESFOR CROSSING PIPELINES, GAS TRANSMISSION LINES, MAINS AND SERVICE CONNECTIONS ON OR NEAR PIPELINES, FACILITIES AND RIGHTS-OF-WAY4OPTIONALWARNING TAPE25 FEET24“ CLEARANCE UNDERPETROLEUM PIPELINEDOT APPROVEDPIPELINE MARKERS ORIDENTIFYINGMARKE

31、RSCATHODIC PROTECTION BONDSAND POTENTIAL LEADS AT ALLCROSSINGS TERMINATED AT ABOVEGROUND LOCATIONSCROSSING ANGLEAS CLOSE TO 90AS POSSIBLEOPTIONALWARNING TAPEOPTIONALWARNING TAPEGUIDELINESFOR CROSSING PIPELINES, GAS TRANSMISSION LINES, MAINS AND SERVICE CONNECTIONS ON OR NEAR PIPELINES, FACILITIES AN

32、D RIGHTS-OF-WAY5FIELD TILE GUIDELINESThis Guideline is intended to guide the field tile installer and the pipeline operators representative on the safe installation of agricultural drainage tile around a pipeline system.1. The project should be planned in advance. A representative of the pipeline op

33、erator or utility will help prevent dangerous and costlyaccidents and help avoid surprises during thework. The project plan should be followed. Many states establish required time frames for advance planning. Ample time is requiredto review the design and verify pipeline depths and operational requi

34、rements. Prior to the installation of any field tile within the pipeline right-of-way (ROW), the installer should communicate and plan the project with the pipeline operator. The pipeline operator should coordinate the safe installation within their ROW.2. When working within 50 feet of the pipeline

35、,the pipeline operators representative shouldmonitor the activity. This practice will provide adequate time and distance to maintain a safe operation.3. The pipeline should be located and a depth analysis or pipeline depth profile performed by a representative of the pipeline operator. The pipeline

36、should be marked in accordancewith the APWA Uniform Color Code. Yellow flags should be placed to mark the pipeline. These flags should be numbered and placed at frequent intervals and should also indicatestation and depth. The pipeline operators representative should prepare a Depth Survey Report, w

37、hich should include photographs showing the yellow flags.4. It is recommended that long runs of parallel tile and pipeline should be spaced 25 feet from the existing pipeline. If a closer distance is necessary, the pipeline operator should be contacted for prior approval.5. The pipeline should be cr

38、ossed carefully, and only when the pipeline operators representative is on site and able to observe the work. The crossing should be as near to perpendicular (ninety 90 degrees) as possible and clear the pipeline by a minimumof 24 inches.6. Where the field tile crosses the pipeline, it isrecommended

39、 that solid tile be used and that pea gravel be used to prevent settling. The pipeline operator should conduct a field inspection of this work verifying pipeline depths and installation clearances.7. Plastic pipe is preferred when crossing the pipeline.DEEP PLOWING“Deep Plowing” is defined as the ri

40、pping orother cultivation method where the ground isdisturbed at a depth of 16 inches or more. Prior to any Deep Plowing, the pipeline operator should be notified well in advance. The pipelineshould be located and a depth analysis or pipelinedepth profile performed by a representative of the pipelin

41、e operator. Yellow flags should be placed to mark the pipeline. These flagsshould be numbered and placed at frequentintervals, and should also indicate station and approximate depth.The pipeline operators representative shouldprepare a Depth Survey Report, which shouldinclude photographs showing the

42、 yellow flags.When working within 50 feet either side of thepipeline, the pipeline operators representativeshould monitor the activity verifying pipelinedepths and installation clearances.Due to erosion and the removal of earthencover in some areas, the existing depth of the pipeline may not support

43、 Deep Plowing.The pipeline operator should not allow DeepPlowing in areas where the integrity of thepipeline may be compromised. OTHER LAND CONTOUR MODIFICATIONSProjects near the pipeline that involve altering theland contour, including the installation of ponds, lakes and drainage ditches, require

44、expert engineering in planning and implementation to ensure pipeline integrity. A plan should be developed and provided to the pipeline operator well in advance and take into consideration theintegrity and safety of the pipeline system.There may be a conflict between the current location of the pipe

45、line and the needs of theland modification project. The project planningprocess may indicate the need to relocate thepipeline or alter the land modification project.When planning the project, please call thepipeline operator. The operator should assign a pipeline expert to help with the planningproc

46、ess and advise on matters of pipelinesafety. Ample time is required to review the design and verify pipeline depths and operational requirements.GUIDELINESFOR AGRICULTURE: FIELD TILE DITCHING AND DEEP PLOWING ON OR NEAR PIPELINES, FACILITIES AND RIGHTS-OF-WAYPIPELINE OPERATORS REPRESENTATIVE SHOULDM

47、ONITOR THE ACTIVITYCROSSING ANGLEAS CLOSE TO 90AS POSSIBLEMINIMUM24“ CLEARANCEFIELD TILEDEEP PLOWING AND LAND CONTOUR MODIFICATIONSPLAN AHEADNOTIFY PIPELINE OPERATOR WELL IN ADVANCEPIPELINE OPERATORSREPRESENTATIVE SHOULDMONITOR THE ACTIVITY WHEN YOURE WORKING WITHIN 50 FEET EITHER SIDE OF THE PIPELI

48、NEPROJECT PLANNING IS THE KEY TO SAFETYWHEN PLANNING YOUR PROJECT CALL THE PIPELINE OPERATORPIPELINE EXPERTS CAN HELP WITH THE PLANNING PROCESS AND PIPELINE SAFETYWORK SAFE6GUIDELINESFOR AGRICULTURE: FIELD TILE DITCHING AND DEEP PLOWING ON OR NEAR PIPELINES, FACILITIES AND RIGHTS-OF-WAY7BORING, DRIL

49、LING, AND TUNNELING PROCEDURES NEAR PIPELINESBecause both pipelines and the process of boring, drilling and tunneling are undergroundand not visible, special care must be given tothe planning and execution of these operationswhen other utilities and pipelines are nearby. A pipeline operator representative should begiven an opportunity to review and approve the plan for the operation, the equipment to be used and the proposed procedure well in advance of beginning the project. Two criticalelements of the plan are the involvement ofcompetent equipment opera