BS PD ISO IEC TR 20007-2014 Information technology Cultural and linguistic interoperability Definitions and relationship between symbols icons animated icons pictograms characters .pdf

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1、BSI Standards Publication PD ISO/IEC TR 20007:2014 Information technology Cultural and linguistic interoperability Definitions and relationship between symbols, icons, animated icons, pictograms, characters and glyphsPD ISO/IEC TR 20007:2014 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT National foreword This Published Docume

2、nt is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC TR 20007:2014. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ICT/-/6, ICT Accessibility Co-ordination. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not pu

3、rport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 0 580 73363 5 ICS 35.180 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal oblig

4、ations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2014. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedPD ISO/IEC TR 20007:2014 ISO/IEC 2014 Information technology Cultural and linguistic interoperability Definitions and

5、 relationship between symbols, icons, animated icons, pictograms, characters and glyphs Technologies de linformation Interoprabilit culturelle et linguistique Dfinitions et relation entre symboles, icnes, icnes animes, pictogrammes, caractres et glyphes TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 20007 First editio

6、n 2014-05-01 Reference number ISO/IEC TR 20007:2014(E)PD ISO/IEC TR 20007:2014ISO/IEC TR 20007:2014(E)ii ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in

7、any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case pos

8、tale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in SwitzerlandPD ISO/IEC TR 20007:2014ISO/IEC TR 20007:2014(E) ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Terms and definitions .

9、1 3 Purpose of each different concept 3 4 Limits and strengths of each different concept 3 5 Properties of each (different) concept 4 5.1 Searchability 4 5.2 Presentation 4 5.3 Shape, precise representation, fuzzy representation, encoding, animation, temporal representation, etc. 4 6 Relationship be

10、tween the different concepts . 4 7 Input, process and output considerations (from drawing to search, via representation on different media and encoding) 5 8 Databases, sets and repositories . 5 Bibliography 7PD ISO/IEC TR 20007:2014ISO/IEC TR 20007:2014(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organizatio

11、n for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respectiv

12、e organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information t

13、echnology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different type

14、s of document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not

15、be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is info

16、rmation given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see

17、the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/IEC/JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 35, User interfaces.iv ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reservedPD ISO/IEC TR 20007:2014ISO/IEC TR 20007:2014(E) Introduction It seems that many people

18、 misunderstand the limits of standardizing each of the concepts covered in this Technical Report. As a case in point, ISO 7000 standardizes graphical symbols with precise shapes, where, for example, the proportions are strictly established, while ISO/IEC 10646 sometimes defines a coded character tha

19、t maps an existing ISO 7000 symbol (which is practical for searching in technical documentation, for example). However, any single coded character can be represented by a variety of different glyphs, thus open to a variety of shapes and proportions, as long as symbols remain recognizable (a glyph is

20、 not standardized for a given coded character in this case, the coding element is standardized unambiguously alongside its name only). Some do not recognize that this is possible; nevertheless, both usages are internationally standardized and used with apparently contradicting requirements. This Tec

21、hnical Report tries to harmonize the apparent limitations of use of the different concepts involved in the ISO and IEC context. ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved vPD ISO/IEC TR 20007:2014PD ISO/IEC TR 20007:2014Information technology Cultural and linguistic interoperability Definitions and relationsh

22、ip between symbols, icons, animated icons, pictograms, characters and glyphs 1 Scope This Technical Report clearly defines each term related to ISO and IEC symbology in a single document and harmonizes difference of use and possible correspondence between different objects covering these concepts. 2

23、 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 character member of a set of elements used for the organization, control, or representation of textual data Note 1 to entry: A character may be represented by a sequence of one or several coded c

24、haracters SOURCE: ISO/IEC 10646:, 4.5 2.2 code point DEPRECATED: code position value in the Universal Character Set codespace SOURCE: ISO/IEC 10646:, 4.10 Note 1 to entry: Values of the Universal Character Set (UCS) codespace are integers (numbers) ranging from 0 to 10FFFF (hexadecimal base 16 numer

25、ic representation) 2.3 coded character association between a character and a code point SOURCE: ISO/IEC 10646:, 4.8 2.4 font collection of glyph images having the same basic design, e.g. Courier Bold Oblique SOURCE: ISO/IEC 9541-1:1991 2.5 glyph recognizable abstract graphic symbol which is independ

26、ent of any specific design SOURCE: ISO/IEC 9541-1:1991 TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/IEC TR 20007:2014(E) ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved 1PD ISO/IEC TR 20007:2014ISO/IEC TR 20007:2014(E) 2.6 graphic character character, other than a control function, that has a visual representation normally handwritten, p

27、rinted, or displayed SOURCE: ISO/IEC 10646:, 4.29 2.7 graphic symbol visual representation of a graphic character or of a composite sequence SOURCE: ISO/IEC 10646:, 4.30 2.8 graphical symbol visually perceptible figure with a particular meaning used to transmit information independently of language

28、SOURCE: IEC 80416-1:2008, 3.4, ISO 17724:2003, 31 Note 1 to entry: The unique nature of graphical symbols is language independence. Therefore, the use of letters and punctuation marks as graphical symbol elements should be avoided. Note 2 to entry: Graphical symbols are usually abstract representati

29、ons that stand for something, but that require learning on the part of users to take on their meaning. 2.9.1 icon user interface (symbol or object) representing an object or a function of the computer system SOURCE: ISO/IEC 11581-10:2010, 3.4, modified 2.9.2 icon symbol or combination of symbols in

30、graphical user interfaces representing a function of the computer system 2.9.3 icon object of manipulation of a function of the computer system through graphical user interfaces for computer applications Note 1 to entry: Icons should be graphical representations that convey information with a minimu

31、m reliance on language. Note 2 to entry: Icons have dynamic nature depending on the function of the computer system. Note 3 to entry: Icons may be entirely abstract, such as graphical symbols, or pictorial, such as pictograms, or fall at some point between those extremes. 2.10 pictogram simplified p

32、ictorial representation, used to guide people and tell them how to achieve a certain goal SOURCE: ITU-T Recommendation E.121, modified Note 1 to entry: Pictograms should be graphical representations that convey information with a minimum of reliance on language. Note 2 to entry: Pictograms are, as f

33、ar as possible, self-explanatory, and require little or no learning on the part of users. Note 3 to entry: Pictorial representation can be two- or three-dimensional.2 ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reservedPD ISO/IEC TR 20007:2014ISO/IEC TR 20007:2014(E) 2.11 symbol visual (audible or tactile) sign, single

34、 letter, numeral, punctuation mark each of which has a fixed meaning Note 1 to entry: Symbols are usually graphical representations that convey information with little reliance on language. Note 2 to entry: Symbols are usually abstract representations that stand for something, but that require learn

35、ing on the part of users to take on their meaning. Note 3 to entry: Examples of symbols are graphical symbols, graphic symbols, character symbols, chemical symbols, mathematical symbols, musical symbols, sex symbols, status symbols, tactile symbols and audible symbols. 3 Purpose of each different co

36、ncept The purpose of a symbol is to carry a meaning. A pictogram is a symbol as simple as possible whose purpose is to carry a symbolic meaning easy to understand for humans, ideally in an intuitive way, independently of language and culture. In ISO and IEC, standardized symbols are codified with st

37、rict forms. The purpose of a glyph is similar to that of a symbol, but goes beyond, in that it may also apply to a symbol that has become codified more abstractly over history, as for example glyphs representing letters of an alphabet (which, at the time of publication of this Technical Report, have

38、 no meaning by themselves, while a mere symbol is intended to have a meaning). Sets of glyphs usually grouped in a given style are called fonts. The purpose of a character is to group similar glyphs (even of different fonts) so that they all be recognizable as similar by humans, to carry all the sam

39、e meaning, and to encompass all glyphs with the same meaning. Finally the purpose of a coded character is to codify a character for its transmission and processing (sorting, searching, matching, text structuring, etc.) by computers, independently of their presentation. The purpose of an icon is, on

40、one hand, to codify the computerized visual representation of a symbol, and on the other hand, to represent an entity associated with an object or and action in computer applications. 4 Limits and strengths of each different concept Symbols standardized under ISO 7000 or IEC 80416-1 are destined to

41、be reproduced directly on equipment (they are typically silk-printed or engraved). Their main limitation is also their strength: they shall be reproduced in their strict proportions and hence cannot be confused with other symbols because no tolerance is allowed. The intent is that once learnt by hum

42、ans, they are recognized without any doubt. For computer applications, though, this strength might become a weakness: icons on computers are rendered using pixels, for example, and depending on screen resolution, the exact proportions might not be physically respected. Furthermore, the state of acti

43、ons and objects (for example: a “trash bin” metaphor for deleted objects might be empty, full, available, in the process of being emptied or restored, etc.) are represented by icons that might change shade, colour, even shape, and icons themselves might become animated objects, something that does n

44、ot happen when a symbol is silk-printed on equipment with exact proportions. At the other end of the spectrum, in the world of coded characters (standardized under ISO/IEC 10646, the UCS), characters, which might occasionally correspond to ISO symbols (standardized under ISO 7000 or IEC 80416-1), ma

45、y be represented by any even vaguely corresponding glyph, depending on font style, or on rendition engines, so that humans can recognize them depending on environment, on accessibility requirements, or simply on personal preferences. That said, coded characters have a major strength: they can be sea

46、rched, sorted, processed, and transformed by machines, without confusion. They can also be interchanged within different coding schemes, provided their character names (the ultimate human identifiers that make two coded characters be considered the same) are shared in these two coding schemes. Becau

47、se character names may vary between different human languages (and also ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved 3PD ISO/IEC TR 20007:2014ISO/IEC TR 20007:2014(E) have non-standardized synonyms within the same language) even for the Universal character set, the ultimate character identifier, nowadays, is it

48、s coded value in the UCS. NOTE The name of a symbol standardized under ISO 7000 or IEC 80416-1 might not be the same as its name under ISO/IEC 10646 for different reasons: historical reasons, parallel development, unification purposes between similar-looking glyphs, and so on. Symbols and pictograms

49、 also have their weakness per se: even if the intent of a symbols developer is that they be recognized intuitively, this might be strongly impacted by cultural and linguistic differences (a padlock can be considered something which represent unavailability without a key in a given language while it only represents a fixed state “Numlock”, for example, is ambiguously “decoded” in languages other than English and French in another language); also, a symbol represented by letters or a word in one given la