BS PD ISO TS 29761-2015 Fire safety engineering Selection of design occupant behavioural scenarios《消防安全工程 设计居住者行为场景的选择》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards Publication Fire safety engineering Selection of design occupant behavioural scenarios PD ISO/TS 29761:2015National foreword This Draft for Development is the UK implementation of ISO/TS 29761:2015. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee FSH/24, Fi

2、re safety engineering. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015

3、. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 0 580 84930 5 ICS 13.220.01 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2015. Amendments/co

4、rrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD ISO/TS 29761:2015 ISO 2015 Fire safety engineering Selection of design occupant behavioural scenarios Ingnierie de la scurit incendie Slection de scnarios de dimensionnement du comportement des occupants TECHNICAL SPECIFICATI

5、ON ISO/TS 29761 Reference number ISO/TS 29761:2015(E) First edition 2015-12-15 PD ISO/TS 29761:2015 ISO/TS 29761:2015(E)ii ISO 2015 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be

6、reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requ

7、ester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.org www.iso.org PD ISO/TS 29761:2015 ISO/TS 29761:2015(E)Foreword v Introduction vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 1 3 T erms and definitions . 1 4

8、Fire safety engineering applications . 4 4.1 The role of occupant behaviour scenarios in fire safety design . 4 4.2 The role of design occupant behavioural scenarios in fire safety design . 4 5 Focusing the steps of ISO 16733-1 for a life safety objective 6 5.1 Overview of the procedure . 6 5.2 Step

9、 1 Identify the specific safety challenges 6 5.3 Step 2 Location of fire 6 5.4 Step 3 Type of fire . 7 5.5 Step 4 Potential complicating hazards leading to other fire scenarios . 7 5.6 Step 5 Systems and features impacting fire 7 5.7 Step 6 Occupant actions impacting fire 8 5.8 Steps 7 to 9 Scenario

10、 selection . 8 6 Design occupant behavioural scenarios 8 6.1 Characteristics of occupant behavioural scenarios . 8 6.2 Identification of occupant behavioural scenarios 9 6.2.1 General 9 6.2.2 Step A Number of occupants and distribution of occupants .10 6.2.3 Step B Characteristics of the occupant po

11、pulation 11 6.2.4 Step C Activities of occupants .11 6.2.5 Step D Presence and training of staff .12 6.3 Selection of design occupant behavioural scenarios .12 6.3.1 General.12 6.3.2 Step E Occupant characteristics matrix .12 6.3.3 Considerations on selecting scenarios .13 6.3.4 Final selection and

12、documentation .13 6.3.5 Sensitivity analysis of parameters affecting life safety objectives .14 7 Design occupant behaviour 15 7.1 General 15 7.2 Basic characteristics 18 7.2.1 General.18 7.2.2 Pre-travel activity time 19 7.2.3 Exit choice .19 7.2.4 Travel time .19 7.2.5 Intervention by fire service

13、s and other emergency responders .20 7.2.6 Intervention by others .20 7.2.7 Completion of the evacuation 20 7.3 Parameters provided by the design occupant behavioural scenario 20 7.4 Parameters to be defined 20 7.4.1 Pre-travel activity time 20 7.4.2 Exit choice .21 7.4.3 Travel speed 21 7.4.4 Param

14、eters that need to be defined when simplistic calculation models are employed 22 7.5 Estimates of evacuation time and occupant condition 22 7.5.1 General.22 7.5.2 Simple calculation methods for evacuation time 22 7.5.3 Advanced calculation methods for evacuation time 22 ISO 2015 All rights reserved

15、iii Contents Page PD ISO/TS 29761:2015 ISO/TS 29761:2015(E)7.5.4 Tests .23 Bibliography .24 iv ISO 2015 All rights reserved PD ISO/TS 29761:2015 ISO/TS 29761:2015(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member b

16、odies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental a

17、nd non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

18、described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is dr

19、awn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on

20、 the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assess

21、ment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 4, Fire safety engineering. ISO 2015 All

22、 rights reserved v PD ISO/TS 29761:2015 ISO/TS 29761:2015(E) Introduction In a fire safety engineering assessment, the ability of occupants to escape safely or find a designated place of refuge is evaluated for each design fire scenario, taking account of the occupants expected to be present in the

23、building or other structure. The purpose of this Technical Specification is to outline a general methodology for selecting design fire scenarios for the specific fire safety objective of life safety of the occupants, and then developing the occupant behavioural scenarios for which those design fire

24、scenarios will be tested. ISO 16733-1 provides general guidance on the selection of design fire scenarios. Since each design fire scenario might require several different occupant behavioural scenarios, the number of possible design occupant behavioural scenarios in any built environment (a building

25、, structure or transportation vehicle) can be very large, and it is not possible to quantify them all. This large set of possibilities needs to be reduced to a manageably small set of occupant behavioural scenarios that are amenable to analysis. In a deterministic assessment, which is implicitly env

26、isioned in this Technical Specification, a manageable number of design occupant behavioural scenarios is selected. For a full quantitative risk assessment, see ISO 16732-1. The characterization of an occupant behavioural scenario involves a description of the initial occupant distribution and the nu

27、mber and other characteristics of the population, including their reaction and response capabilities. The occupant behavioural scenarios will be specifically determined for each design fire scenario, which itself includes the interaction with the proposed fire protection features for the built envir

28、onment. The possible consequences of each fire scenario for each occupant behavioural scenario need to be considered. Following selection of the design occupant behavioural scenarios, it is necessary to describe the assumed characteristics of the occupant behaviour on which the scenario quantificati

29、on will be based. These assumed occupant behaviour characteristics are referred to as “the design occupant behaviour”. Design occupant behaviours are usually characterised in terms of pre-travel activity delay times (response and reaction times) and occupant movement speeds. The design occupant beha

30、viour needs to be appropriate to the life safety objective of the fire safety engineering analysis and has to result in a design solution that is conservative.vi ISO 2015 All rights reserved PD ISO/TS 29761:2015 Fire safety engineering Selection of design occupant behavioural scenarios 1 Scope This

31、Technical Specification describes a methodology for the selection of design occupant behavioural scenarios that are severe but credible for use in deterministic fire safety engineering analyses of any built environment including buildings, structures, or transportation vehicles. Occupant behavioural

32、 scenarios are linked to design fire scenarios. Guidance on the selection of design fire scenarios and design fires is covered in ISO 16733-1. The steps in ISO 16733-1 are followed in this Technical Specification with life safety of the occupants as the single fire safety objective under considerati

33、on. ISO/TR 16738 provides information on methods for the quantification of the different aspects of human evacuation behaviour in a design context. One part of that process involves the selection of occupant behavioural scenarios. This Technical Specification provides guidance for that aspect of the

34、 evaluation of an egress design. This Technical Specification addresses behaviours that occur after fire ignition and does not deal with behaviours that influence fire ignition. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are i

35、ndispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 13571:2012, Life-threatening components of fire Guidelines for the estimation of time to compromised t

36、enability in fires ISO 13943, Fire safety Vocabulary ISO 16733-1:2015, Fire safety engineering Selection of design fire scenarios and design fires Part 1: Selection of design fire scenarios ISO/TR 16738, Fire-safety engineering Technical information on methods for evaluating behaviour and movement o

37、f people. 3 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 13943, ISO/TR 16738 and the following apply. NOTE Some of the definitions have been updated to reflect the current understanding of the terms as employed in fire safety engineering. Some ar

38、e duplicated here for the convenience of users of this document. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 29761:2015(E) ISO 2015 All rights reserved 1 PD ISO/TS 29761:2015 ISO/TS 29761:2015(E) 3.1 ASET available safe escape time for an individual occupant, the calculated time interval between the time of igni

39、tion and the time at which conditions become such that the occupant is estimated to be incapacitated, i.e. unable to take effective action to escape to a safe refuge or place of safety Note 1 to entry: The time of ignition may be known, e.g. in the case of a fire model or a fire test, or it may be a

40、ssumed, e.g. it may be based upon an estimate working back from the time of detection. The basis on which the time of ignition is determined needs to be stated. Note 2 to entry: This definition equates incapacitation with failure to escape. Other criteria for ASET are possible. If an alternate crite

41、rion is selected, it needs to be stated. Note 3 to entry: Each occupant can have a different value of ASET, depending on that occupants personal characteristics. SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.20, modified 3.2 built environment building or other structure EXAMPLE Off-shore platforms; civil engineering wo

42、rks, such as tunnels, bridges, and mines; and means of transportation, such as motor vehicles and marine vessels. Note 1 to entry: ISO 6707-1 contains a number of terms and definitions for concepts related to the built environment. SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.26 3.3 d e s i g n f i r e quantitative de

43、scription of assumed fire characteristics within the design fire scenario (3.4) Note 1 to entry: It is, typically, an idealized description of the variation with time of important fire variables, such as heat release rate, flame spread rate, smoke production rate, toxic gas yields, and temperature.

44、SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.64 3.4 d e s i g n f i r e s c e n a r i o specific fire scenario (3.7) on which a deterministic fire safety engineering analysis is conducted Note 1 to entry: As the number of possible fire scenarios can be very large, it is necessary to select the most important scenarios

45、 (the design fire scenarios) for analysis. The selection of design fire scenarios is tailored to the fire-safety design objectives and accounts for the likelihood and consequences of potential scenarios. SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.65 3.5 design occupant behaviour quantitative description of occupant

46、behavioural characteristics within the design occupant behavioural scenario (3.6) Note 1 to entry: It is, typically, an idealized description of the time needed for evacuation or refuge, comprising components for recognition, response, and travel. The actual variables include delay time, travel dist

47、ance, and travel speed. EXAMPLE Young, intoxicated people in a stadium might delay longer before beginning to evacuate than those who are not intoxicated; older people in a nursing home may travel more slowly than other mobile adults would; intoxicated people may have more difficulty with decision-m

48、aking and, as a result, might take more time to make exit choices.2 ISO 2015 All rights reserved PD ISO/TS 29761:2015 ISO/TS 29761:2015(E) 3.6 design occupant behavioural scenario specific occupant behavioural scenario on which a deterministic fire safety engineering analysis will be conducted 3.7 f

49、 i r e s c e n a r i o qualitative description of the course of a fire with respect to time, identifying key events that characterise the studied fire and differentiate it from other possible fires Note 1 to entry: It typically defines the ignition and fire growth processes, the fully developed fire stage, the fire decay stage, and the environment and systems that impact on the course of the fire. SOURCE: ISO 13943:2008, 4.129 3.8 occupant behavioural scenario qualitative description of occupant