BS PD ISO IEC GUIDE 71-2014 Guide for addressing accessibility in standards《标准中无障碍解决指南》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards Publication Guide for addressing accessibility in standards PD ISO/IEC GUIDE 71:2014National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC GUIDE 71:2014. It supersedes PD ISO/IEC GUIDE 71:2001 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrus

2、ted to Technical Committee ICT/-/6, ICT Accessibility Co-ordination. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct appli

3、cation. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014 ISBN 978 0 580 89044 4 ICS 01.120; 11.180.01; 13.180 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Po

4、licy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2014. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD ISO/IEC GUIDE 71:2014Guide for addressing accessibility in standards Guide pour lintgration de laccessibilit dans les normes Reference number ISO/IEC GUIDE 71:2014

5、(E) GUIDE 71 Second edition 2014-12-01 ISO/IEC 2014 PD ISO/IEC GUIDE 71:2014 ii ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means,

6、 electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20

7、 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO/IEC GUIDE 71:2014(E) PD ISO/IEC GUIDE 71:2014 ISO/IEC GUIDE 71:2014(E)Contents Page Foreword v Introduction vi 1 Scope . 1 2 T erms and definitions . 1 3 Accessibility . 3 3.1 General .

8、 3 3.2 Accessibility and standards . 4 4 Accessibility in the standards development process 4 4.1 General . 4 4.2 Considerations by standards bodies 4 4.3 Considerations related to the standards development process . 5 4.3.1 Stage 1: Define the standards project and determine the applicability of th

9、is Guide . . 5 4.3.2 Stage 2: Ensure the standards development committee is well equipped to implement an accessible process with equitable participation . 6 4.3.3 Stage 3: Develop the content of the standard . 6 4.3.4 Stage 4: Issue the draft standard for public review and vote and revise the stand

10、ard as needed 7 4.3.5 Stage 5: Publish the standard . 7 5 How to apply the Guide 7 5.1 Two approaches to addressing accessibility in standards 7 5.2 Other sources of information . 8 5.3 Verifying and validating that accessibility is adequately addressed 9 6 Accessibility goals 10 6.1 General 10 6.1.

11、1 Structure of the goals 10 6.1.2 Identifying user accessibility needs .10 6.1.3 Applying user accessibility needs to generate requirements and recommendations .11 6.2 The goals .11 6.2.1 Suitability for the widest range of users 11 6.2.2 Conformity with user expectations 12 6.2.3 Support for indivi

12、dualization .13 6.2.4 Approachability .14 6.2.5 Perceivability 15 6.2.6 Understandability 15 6.2.7 Controllability .16 6.2.8 Usability 17 6.2.9 Error tolerance .18 6.2.10 Equitable use 19 6.2.11 Compatibility with other systems 20 ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved iii PD ISO/IEC GUIDE 71:2014 ISO/IEC

13、 GUIDE 71:2014(E)7 Human abilities and characteristics .21 7.1 General 21 7.1.1 Description .21 7.1.2 Diversity of human abilities and characteristics .21 7.2 Sensory abilities and characteristics 21 7.2.1 General.21 7.2.2 Seeing functions 22 7.2.3 Hearing functions .23 7.2.4 Touch functions 24 7.2.

14、5 Taste functions and smell functions .25 7.3 Immunological system functions .26 7.3.1 Description .26 7.3.2 Impairments and limitations .26 7.3.3 Design considerations 26 7.4 Physical abilities and characteristics 26 7.4.1 General.26 7.4.2 Body size 27 7.4.3 Movement: Functions of upper body struct

15、ures and fine hand use abilities .28 7.4.4 Movement: Functions of lower body structures 29 7.4.5 Muscle power and muscle endurance 30 7.4.6 Voice and speech .31 7.5 Cognitive abilities 32 7.5.1 Description .32 7.5.2 Impairments and limitations .32 7.5.3 Design considerations 33 8 Strategies for addr

16、essing user accessibility needs and design considerations in standards 34 8.1 General 34 8.2 Developing standard-specific requirements and recommendations based on user accessibility needs and design considerations .34 8.2.1 Provide multiple means of information presentation and user interaction .34

17、 8.2.2 Set fixed parameters to accommodate the widest range of users 35 8.2.3 Set adjustable parameters to accommodate the widest range of users 35 8.2.4 Minimize unnecessary complexity 36 8.2.5 Provide individualized access to a system 37 8.2.6 Eliminate unnecessary limits or constraints on user in

18、teractions with a system 37 8.2.7 Provide compatibility with assistive products and assistive technology 38 8.2.8 Provide alternative versions of a system .38 Annex A (informative) Global trends supporting accessibility 39 Annex B (informative) The International Classification of Functioning, Disabi

19、lity and Health (ICF) as a resource for terminology .41 Annex C (informative) Questions to aid in achieving the accessibility goals .43 Bibliography .47 iv ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved PD ISO/IEC GUIDE 71:2014 ISO/IEC GUIDE 71:2014(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardizat

20、ion) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) are worldwide federations of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies and IEC national committees). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO and IEC technical committees. Each member body intere

21、sted in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO or IEC, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with IEC on all matters of electr

22、otechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. Draft Guides adopted by the responsible Committee or Group are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as a Guide requires approval by at least 75 % o

23、f the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC Guide 71 was prepared by the ISO/IEC JTAG (Joint

24、Technical Advisory Group) at the request of the ISO/TMB and the IEC/SMB. It was subsequently adopted by ITU-T Study Group 16 as ITU-T Supplement 17 to the H-Series of Recommendations. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC Guide 71:2001), which has been technically revis

25、ed. For the purposes of obtaining feedback and information about experiences in using this Guide, users are encouraged to share their views on ISO/IEC Guide 71:2014. Please click on the link below to take part in the online survey: http:/ / ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved v PD ISO/IEC GUIDE 71:2014

26、 ISO/IEC GUIDE 71:2014(E) Introduction The purpose of this Guide is to assist standards developers (e.g. technical committees or working groups) to address accessibility in standards that focus, whether directly or indirectly, on any type of system that people use. It provides guidance for developin

27、g and writing appropriate accessibility requirements and recommendations in standards. However, while its intended audience are standards developers, this Guide contains information that can also be useful to other people, such as manufacturers, designers, service providers and educators. The second

28、 edition of this Guide, retitled “Guide for addressing accessibility in standards,” builds upon the edition published in 2001, titled “Guidelines for standards developers to address the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities”. This edition takes account of developments in thinking and

29、practice which have taken place since 2001 and takes a more inclusive approach. This edition also sets out to improve the usability and adoption of the Guide itself. This Guide, like its predecessor, is intended to be part of the overall framework that standards bodies can use in their efforts to su

30、pport the development of systems that suit the needs of diverse users. It is an important goal for the whole of society that all people, regardless of their age, size or ability, have access to the broadest range of systems. Issues of accessibility to and usability of systems have become more critic

31、al as the number of people (such as older persons, children, persons with reduced abilities and persons with disabilities) with diverse user accessibility needs has increased. Based on their individual abilities and characteristics, peoples accessibility needs vary substantially and change throughou

32、t the course of their lives (i.e. as they advance from childhood to adulthood and on into old age). Impairments can be permanent, temporary or vary on a daily basis, and sometimes they are not fully recognized or acknowledged. In addition, although some limitations can be minor in nature, combinatio

33、ns of limitations can pose significant problems for individuals attempting to interact with systems. This is the case particularly where user accessibility needs and accessibility requirements were not recognized during development of those systems. Standards that include accessibility requirements

34、can support development of systems that can be used by more users. While much progress has been made worldwide in the development of accessibility standards relating to information and communications technology and the built environment, the development of accessibility standards related to other se

35、ctors has not always kept pace. However, the requirements of national and international anti-discrimination legislation have become increasingly stringent. Additional recommendations are contained in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 36particularly in Articles

36、4, 9, 21 and 30), in the UN Committee of the rights of persons with disabilities, General Comment 2 37and emerging national and regional procurement regulations. International Standards of ISO and IEC and ITU-T recommendations can play an important part in avoiding market fragmentation and achieving

37、 harmonized accessible systems rather than those that meet only national standards and are incompatible with those produced in other nations. The IEC/ISO/ITU Joint Policy Statement on Standardization and Accessibility 25sets out the basic principles for ensuring that the needs of older persons, chil

38、dren and persons with disabilities are incorporated in the standards development process, providing justification on human rights and economic grounds. One of the core points of the Joint Policy Statement is “accessible or universal design”, which aims at ensuring that products, systems, services, e

39、nvironments and facilities can be used by persons from a population with the widest range of characteristics and abilities. In this second edition, the Guide is intended to supplement the Joint Policy Statement by providing a set of accessibility goals and describing human abilities and characterist

40、ics to assist standards developers in identifying accessibility needs of diverse users in diverse contexts of use. The guidance provided in this Guide is general. The Guide recognizes the principle that standards should normally not be design-restrictive. The Guide therefore suggests ways of determi

41、ning user accessibility needs without providing specific solutions. It is important to realize that one-size-fits-all solutions seldom meet every persons needs and that accessible features can benefit the majority of the population. Optimal solutions vary greatly depending on the specific users and

42、contexts of use. Additional sector- related guides might need to be developed for specific product or service sectors.vi ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved PD ISO/IEC GUIDE 71:2014 Guide for addressing accessibility in standards 1 Scope This Guide provides guidance to standards developers on addressin

43、g accessibility requirements and recommendations in standards that focus, whether directly or indirectly, on systems (i.e. products, services and built environments) used by people. To assist standards developers to define accessibility requirements and recommendations, the Guide presents: a summary

44、 of current terminology relating to accessibility; issues to consider in support of accessibility in the standards development process; a set of accessibility goals (used to identify user accessibility needs); descriptions of (and design considerations for) human abilities and characteristics; strat

45、egies for addressing user accessibility needs and design considerations in standards. 2 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 system product, service, or built environment or any combination of them with which the user interacts 2.

46、2 user individual who accesses or interacts with a system SOURCE: ISO 9241-11:1998, 3.7, modified “Accesses” has been added to the definition, “person” has been replaced by “individual”. 2.3 diverse users individuals with differing abilities and characteristics or accessibility needs 2.4 user access

47、ibility need user need related to features or attributes that are necessary for a system to be accessible Note 1 to entry: User accessibility needs vary over time and across contexts of use. 2.5 impairments problems in body function or structure related to a significant deviation or loss Note 1 to e

48、ntry: Impairments can be temporary or permanent; progressive, regressive or static; intermittent or continuous. SOURCE: ICF 2001, WHO, Clause 6, section 4.1 GUIDE ISO/IEC GUIDE 71:2014(E) ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved 1 PD ISO/IEC GUIDE 71:2014 ISO/IEC GUIDE 71:2014(E) 2.6 activity limitations di

49、fficulties an individual can have in executing activities SOURCE: ICF 2001, WHO 2.7 context of use physical and social env ironment s in which a system is used, including users, t ask s, equipment and materials SOURCE: ISO 9241-11:1998, 3.5, modified The structure of the sentence has been changed. 2.8 diverse contexts differing contexts of use and differing economic, cultural and organizational conditions 2.9 effectiveness accuracy and completeness with which users achieve specified goals SOU