BS PD CEN TR 16879-2016 Siting of Playground and other recreational facilities Advice on methods for positioning and separation《操场和其他娱乐设施的选址 定位和分离方法建议》.pdf

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1、BSI Standards Publication PD CEN/TR 16879:2016 Siting of Playground and other recreational facilities Advice on methods for positioning and separationPD CEN/TR 16879:2016 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 16879:2016. The UK participation

2、in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee SW/65, Childrens playground equipment. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are respons

3、ible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016 ISBN 978 0 580 90573 5 ICS 97.200.40; 97.220.01 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authorit

4、y of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2016. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedPD CEN/TR 16879:2016TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 16879 April 2016 ICS 97.200.40; 97.220.01 English Version Siting of Playground and other recreati

5、onal facilities - Advice on methods for positioning and separation Emplacement des aires de jeux et autres installations de loisirs - Conseils sur les mthodes dimplantation et de sparation Standortwahl von Spielplatz- und anderen Freizeitanlagen - Ratschlag zu Verfahren fr Anordnung und Trennung Thi

6、s Technical Report was approved by CEN on 10 November 2015. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 136. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Fran

7、ce, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KO

8、MITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 16879:2016 EPD CEN/TR 16879:2016 CEN/TR 16879:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3

9、 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions . 5 4 Recommendations for separation . 5 4.1 General 5 4.2 Need for separation 6 4.3 Methods of separation . 8 4.3.1 General 8 4.3.2 Distance 8 4.3.3 Landscaping 8 4.3.4 Fencing 8 4.3.5 Signage 9 4.3.6 Combinations 9 5 Risk-b

10、enefit assessment (RBA) 9 Bibliography . 10 PD CEN/TR 16879:2016 CEN/TR 16879:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document (CEN/TR 16879:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 136 “Sports, playground and other recreational facilities and equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by D

11、IN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. PD CEN/TR 16879:2016 CEN/TR 16879:2016 (E) 4 Introduction CEN/TC 136/SC 1, the committee responsi

12、ble for the development of EN 1176 standards, considered that there may be risks to children associated with placing playgrounds in the vicinity of other recreational facilities such as multisport arenas, bouldering walls, roller sport facilities, football goals, outdoor fitness equipment and Parkou

13、r facilities. In addition, environmental features such as fast flowing water, deep water with steep banks, roads, and natural formations such as cliffs, can also create hazards if in the proximity of playgrounds. Specific safety requirements for recreational facilities are covered by their own stand

14、ards. However, these individual standards do not cover possible risks related to the proximity to other recreational facilities and other environmental hazards. This technical report gives advice to designers, providers, and inspectors on methods of positioning and separating different recreational

15、facilities, to help reduce the potential risks. There are four principal methods of separation. These are distance, natural features, fencing and signage, or a combination of these. PD CEN/TR 16879:2016 CEN/TR 16879:2016 (E) 5 1 Scope This Technical Report gives advice on positioning and possible me

16、ans of separation between recreational facilities that have different user age groups and levels of risk. This document also gives advice on features to consider in order to address the risks from other features nearby such as traffic, fast flowing water, deep water with steep banks and other natura

17、l environmental features such as. Information given relates to equipment and facilities that are installed for free-access use outdoors only. This document is intended to give a horizontal approach, to be considered in all CEN/TC 136 relevant standards dealing with free access sports or physical act

18、ivity facilities. 2 Normative references Not applicable. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 recreational facility equipment intended for childrens play and free access sport/fitness facilities for all ages 3.2 separation all phys

19、ical and visual methods adopted to distinguish one recreational facility from another 3.3 siting / positioning planning and layout of an area consisting of recreational facilities and other environmental factors and their relationship to one another 3.4 carer person who exercises responsibility, how

20、ever temporarily, for an individual childs safety Note 1 to entry: This could be either: a) non-qualified carer: a parent, grandparent, older sibling who has been given a limited responsibility over a child, adult acquaintance, a young person who is a baby sitter; or b) qualified carer: a person tra

21、ined to exercise responsibility for the safety of children or young people, for example a trained/qualified teacher, child minder, youth leader or sports coach. 4 Recommendations for separation 4.1 General The main issue is for young and vulnerable children. The EN 1176 playground standard has safet

22、y requirements for young children using playgrounds. It states in 3.1 in a definition of playground equipment that children play according to “their own rules or own reasons for playing which can change at any time”. EN 1176 contains safety requirements taking PD CEN/TR 16879:2016 CEN/TR 16879:2016

23、(E) 6 into account this free way of playing that young children employ. On most other recreational facilities the acceptable risk level is higher than on playgrounds because they are not intended to be used by young and vulnerable children, and the activity is often prescribed rather than free. The

24、environment around the play area may also contain hazards such as roads, fast flowing water, or deep water with steep banks. These risks with examples of the related hazards are: crushing, e.g. mechanisms in fitness equipment; being hit by a fast moving hard object, e.g. skateboard, or football; fal

25、ling onto non-impact attenuating surface from height, e.g. parkour landings and bouldering walls, natural cliffs, trees, playable art; being hit by part of some equipment due to unforeseeable movement, e.g. mechanism in fitness equipment; unexpected forces, e.g. heavy parts of fitness equipment; dro

26、wning, e.g. fast flowing river or deep water with steep banks; being hit by a vehicle, e.g. road traffic. 4.2 Need for separation There are three principal reasons for providing separation: a) To help identify risks to the carers of young and vulnerable children. Normally young and vulnerable childr

27、en are always accompanied by carers. This is the primary means for keeping them safe. However sometimes carers dont recognize a high risk activity and bring children into such facility. NOTE 1 Some equipment may look like play equipment though they have a higher risk. Carers may not correctly assess

28、 the risk of the equipment for their child. b) Children may roam away from the playground and continue playing in higher risk areas. NOTE 2 Children do not just play in playgrounds; they also play in the environment. c) Persons or play instruments such as footballs can be a hazard to the safety of y

29、oung and vulnerable children in the vicinity of the higher risk activity area. NOTE 3 For example, a child behind a football goal could be hit by a football. Sometimes playgrounds are used by traceurs and bikers. This type of activity could be a risk to young and vulnerable children using the playgr

30、ound. In addition it may damage the playground equipment. The risk of this happening is increased if facilities such as skate parks and Parkour frames are positioned near to playground equipment. The risk levels of different environments vary greatly. Table 1 lists different recreational facilities

31、and environmental features. It gives an indication of possible risks if young children access that facility and also gives an indication of risks for young children who are near to a facility. PD CEN/TR 16879:2016 CEN/TR 16879:2016 (E) 7 Table 1 Facilities and/or environmental features and their ass

32、ociated risks Type of facility and/or environmental feature Risk if young and vulnerable children access the facility and/or environmental feature Risks if young and vulnerable children come near to the facility and/or environmental feature Playground Very low risk for the children due to high level

33、 of safety requirements from EN 1176. Nothing Parkour facility Medium risk for the children for example due to lack of guarding on landings and lesser impact attenuation. Nothing Football pitch Low risk if a child wanders onto the pitch during the game. No risk at other times. Low risk due to a chan

34、ce that a stray-ball hits a young child behind the goal with a great velocity. Basketball court Low risk if a child wanders onto the court during the game. No risk at other times. Very low risk due to a chance that a stray-ball hits a young child nearby with relatively low velocity. Enclosed multi-

35、sports arena Very low risk since children cannot easily wander inside the arena during a game. Very low risk due to a chance that a stray-ball hits a young child nearby with a great velocity. Roller sports facilities Medium to high risk if a child gets hit by a skater, or falls from an obstacle. Not

36、hing Outdoor fitness equipment Medium risk to young children due to mechanisms and crushing hazards. Nothing Natural play area Very low risk for the children due to high level of safety requirements from EN 1176. NOTE Sometimes natural play areas do not comply with EN 1176. However the risk should s

37、till be very low as risks in the natural environment are well perceived by carers. Nothing Natures formations such as cliffs Very low risk, potential is high but risks should have been addressed. Nothing Road Occasional, but high risk of injury if a child runs into the traffic. Nothing Fast flowing

38、river or deep water with steep banks. Also water with poor visibility which could impair a quick rescue. Very high risk due to potential of drowning. Nothing PD CEN/TR 16879:2016 CEN/TR 16879:2016 (E) 8 4.3 Methods of separation 4.3.1 General Any feature that hinders users from moving between facili

39、ties can be considered a method of separation. 4.3.2 Distance Distance is a good means of separation if space is available. In the same way as it is good practice to separate toddler and junior play areas by distance it is also good to separate playgrounds from other recreational facilities and envi

40、ronmental hazards by distance. The main risk is to young children, so separation by distance gives a clear indication where one facility ends, such as a play area, and another starts such as an adult fitness space. Also separation allows time for a carer to intervene if the young child starts to mov

41、e towards an inappropriate facility. This technical report does not give a specific distance requirement, as it may be affected by other local conditions or national regulations. The need for distance may vary depending on the characteristics of the playground itself and if other means of separation

42、 are also used (see 4.3.5). The distance of separation can also vary depending on the type of facility. For example a parkour structure and a skate park are used by similar groups so can be placed in close proximity. However a toddler play area and an adult fitness area or a busy road is not appropr

43、iate in close proximity. 4.3.3 Landscaping Landscaping is a discreet but effective means of separation between facilities. This can be for example planting, natural banks, changes in levels, walls, pedestrian paths, seats and benches, trees, bushes, ponds and streams. Any element that hinders the mo

44、vement between two facilities improves separation. For example even a small change in level can contribute to separation in some situations. Landscaping can also enhance the quality of a play space and improve the play experience of children. Landscaping elements may provide children with an opportu

45、nity to develop their personal risk assessing skills. 4.3.4 Fencing Fences are often seen as obvious means of separation. However they have many disadvantages. If used around the playground, they restrict and disrupt the natural playing of children which should happen according to “their own rules o

46、r own reasons for playing which can change at any time”. If it is too high, a fence may become an obstacle for smaller children and prevent them from having a good sight line to the surroundings, and hinder their play experience. If the design of the fence creates hidden corners, or impairs surveill

47、ance by carers, this can also create additional problems. The play area should be as visible as possible from a distance. Fences can present hazards themselves such as neck entrapment, falling on a hard surface and crushing in a gate mechanism. It is advisable that fences close to playgrounds should

48、 comply with the entrapment requirements of EN 11761. If a fence is necessary it should be as low as possible, just to create a low barrier to slow down young children, giving time for the carer to intervene. If there are several hazards in the proximity of a playground, then fencing the playground

49、may be the preferred option. But if there are only one or two facilities that need separation from the playground, it may be the preferred option to build a fence around the higher risk facilities only. Any higher fences should be placed away from the playground and protect the higher risk activities and not impose restrictions on the play area and its users. PD CEN/TR 16879:2016 CEN/TR 16879:2016 (E) 9 If the play area is very close to a busy road, having no room for distance or landscaping, then a fence could be incorporated as the only suitable option. In