BS PD CEN TR 16710-1-2015 Ergonomics methods Feedback method A method to understand how end users perform their work with machines《人类工效学方法 反馈方法 理解终端用户如何使用机器实施工作的方法》.pdf

《BS PD CEN TR 16710-1-2015 Ergonomics methods Feedback method A method to understand how end users perform their work with machines《人类工效学方法 反馈方法 理解终端用户如何使用机器实施工作的方法》.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《BS PD CEN TR 16710-1-2015 Ergonomics methods Feedback method A method to understand how end users perform their work with machines《人类工效学方法 反馈方法 理解终端用户如何使用机器实施工作的方法》.pdf（40页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、BSI Standards Publication PD CEN/TR 16710-1:2015 Ergonomics methods Part 1: Feedback method A method to understand how end users perform their work with machinesPD CEN/TR 16710-1:2015 PUBLISHED DOCUMENT National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 16710-1:2015. The UK

2、 participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PH/9, Applied ergonomics. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are respo

3、nsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015 ISBN 978 0 580 91001 2 ICS 13.110; 13.180 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of

4、 the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2015. Amendments issued since publication Date Text affectedPD CEN/TR 16710-1:2015TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 16710-1 December 2015 ICS 13.110; 13.180 English Version Ergonomics methods - Part 1: Feedback m

5、ethod - A method to understand how end users perform their work with machines Feedbackmethode - Eine Methode zum Verstndnis wie Endnutzer ihre Arbeit mit Machinen durchfhrenThis Technical Report was approved by CEN on 17 November 2015. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 122. CEN

6、members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Po

7、rtugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any

8、 form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 16710-1:2015 EPD CEN/TR 16710-1:2015 CEN/TR 16710-1:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page European Foreword 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions . 6 4 General principles . 9 5 Feedback metho

9、d . 10 5.1 The “Feedback method” steps . 10 5.2 Selection of the machine to be investigated . 10 5.3 Collection of documentation and preparation of a machine dossier 11 5.4 Identification of companies where the machine is regularly used 11 5.5 Inspection of work places . 12 5.6 Feedback Method Work

10、Groups and work analysis with skilled users of the machine . 13 5.6.1 Preparation for meetings 13 5.6.2 Work analysis with skilled end-users of the machine 13 5.7 Written report of the Feedback Method Work Group results and their validation . 15 5.8 Project overview and final technical report . 16 A

11、nnex A (informative) Existing results . 17 Annex B (informative) Inspection form “Combine Harvester” . 22 Annex C (informative) Work phases and tasks/activities “Combine Harvesters” . 30 C.1 Phase 1: Road travel and transport (with mounted cutter bar, or cutter bar trailer) 30 C.2 Phase 2: Preparati

12、on for use, changeover 30 C.3 Phase 3: Harvesting process 30 C.4 Phase 4: Maintenance and fault clearance 30 Annex D (informative) Extract from report of the FMWG “Combine Harvester” - Italy . 32 Annex E (informative) Extract of recommended amendments to EN ISO 4254-7:2009 “Agricultural machinery -

13、Safety - Part 7: Combine harvesters, forage harvesters and cotton harvesters” from the application of the “Feedback Method” . 33 Bibliography . 35 PD CEN/TR 16710-1:2015 CEN/TR 16710-1:2015 (E) 3 European Foreword This document (CEN/TR 16710-1:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 12

14、2 “Ergonomics”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Standardization can release i

15、ts full potential for growth, productivity and health and safety of citizens only when all interested parties are adequately involved. This document has been prepared considering CEN/CLC Guide 17 “Guidance for writing standards taking into account micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) nee

16、ds”. EN 16710 consists of the following parts under the general title Ergonomics methods: Part 1: Feedback method - A method to understand how end users perform their work with machines (Technical Report) Part 2: A methodology for work analysis to support design These present independent methods tha

17、t can be used to support the implementation of ergonomics principles, for example as advocated in EN ISO 12100 and the EN 614 series. PD CEN/TR 16710-1:2015 CEN/TR 16710-1:2015 (E) 4 Introduction The importance of involving users in the design of machinery is recognized in most standards that deal w

18、ith ergonomic design principles. In fact, i.e. EN 614-1 strongly recommends user involvement because it helps to identify measures and improvements for future design. CEN Guide 414, EN ISO 6385:2004, EN ISO 9241-210:2010 and EN ISO 12100:2010 also provide for feedback from the end-users of machinery

19、, and affirm the need to continue monitoring the effect of the system in order to safeguard against long-term deterioration in the performance or health of the users. Collecting users experiences by reconstructing their activities, how they perform their work in different real-life operating conditi

20、ons, will yield knowledge of the problems that emerge from common, everyday use and help to identify possible corrections and improvements to harmonized technical standards and machinery design and manufacture. In the context of machinery safety, it is widely accepted that end-users possess extensiv

21、e knowledge of the equipment they work with every day 15. Collecting this information as feedback from end-users, mainly workers, provides a basis not just for improving machinery standards by incorporating ergonomics principles 17, but also for putting standards to work and monitoring their quality

22、 over the years. Those who can benefit from such knowledge include: CEN and ISO and national standardization committees and working groups who can become aware of the problems relating to the real use of specific machine in different work contexts, and will thus be able to draw up new or to revise e

23、xisting standards accordingly; designers (who are involved in the design or redesign) and manufacturers enabling them to produce better, more comfortable and safer machines and to provide precise, clear and exhaustive instructions for use; employers/buyers to help them choose the best available mach

24、inery on the market; the end users, employers, artisans and workers for training purposes and for defining appropriate work procedures; market surveillance, authorities to enhance their knowledge and improve the efficiency of their interventions; the machinery working group (MWG) chaired by the Euro

25、pean Commission, whenever they need to collect further details on machinery design problems tabled during the MWG meetings. Studies have shown that the “Feedback Method” described in this Technical Report has a high level of repeatability, as demonstrated by the results obtained in many different pr

26、oduction contexts in seven different European member states from applying this method to five CE-marked machines manufactured in conformity with their specific C-standard (see Annex A). The full participation and support of employees, employers, users and buyers of machinery, technicians and market

27、surveillance personnel in putting the “Feedback Method“ into practice is key to its successful application. Within these studies, a detailed ergonomic analysis of the work with each machine, involving a number of work groups, yielded a large body of valuable information on the specific characteristi

28、cs of machine use in different work contexts and socio-cultural, climatic and microclimatic environments. Using the standardized method described in this Technical Report, that makes little demand on time and resources, multiple work groups can easily be set up to collect skilled users experiences w

29、ith a specific machine and to use this valuable information to: PD CEN/TR 16710-1:2015 CEN/TR 16710-1:2015 (E) 5 a) identify failings in the appropriate technical standard or the design rather than in its use; b) validate the results already obtained; c) monitor improvements in the work activity and

30、 the efficacy of the ergonomic and safety solutions applied. The outcomes of the method described in this Technical Report can also be used for evaluating and/or designing new machinery similar to the one under study. EXAMPLE When dealing with the roll-over risk of any self-propelled machinery with

31、a driver on board during use on uneven or lose ground. The method can be used by workers representatives or, more generally, representatives of consumers and users, to collect evidence for making improvements to various types of machinery, possibly after the occurrence of unwanted events during the

32、use of a machine, so as to identify the causes and possible solutions. Where appropriate, recommendations can then be forwarded to the appropriate CEN/CENELEC Technical Committees. For example, one important safety recommendation for any revision of EN ISO 21281 is to standardize the position of the

33、 main foot pedals to avoid the risk of confusion and accidents. Figure 1 shows the differences in pedal layout identified during the application of the “Feedback Method” to fork-lift trucks. Manual selector of direction. Right-foot- operated (car-like) accelerator. Left-foot-operated selector of dir

34、ection. Right-foot-operated accelerator. Right-foot-operated selector of direction and right-foot-operated accelerator. Foot-operated selector of direction and accelerator (both left and right feet). A = Accelerator B = Brake and/or approach at reduced speed C = Clutch coupling (if present) or appro

35、ach at reduced speed Figure 1 Illustration of the various foot pedal layouts identified in different fork-lift trucks PD CEN/TR 16710-1:2015 CEN/TR 16710-1:2015 (E) 6 1 Scope This Technical Report describes the “Feedback Method”, a method designed specifically to collect the contribution of machiner

36、y end-users by reconstructing and understanding how work is actually performed (i.e. the real work). This method can help to improve technical standards, as well as the design, manufacturing, and use of machinery. By collecting the experiences of skilled users, this method can be used to reconstruct

37、 their actual work activities under different operating conditions and with any kind of machine. This helps to identify all the critical aspects having an impact on health and safety, or associated with ergonomic principles. Moreover, it makes it possible to identify some basic elements for defining

38、 the standards for machines and for their revision and improvement. It can also improve production efficiency and identify any need for additional study and research. The method is designed to minimize the influence of the subjectivity of the facilitators and researchers in reconstructing and descri

39、bing the reality of work, and to maximize the “objective” contribution of the skilled users of the machine. The method combines a high level of reproducibility, sensitivity, and user-friendliness with low demands in term of resources, which makes it attractive to micro, small and medium-sized enterp

40、rises. This Technical Report is addressed to standards writers, designers and manufacturers, employers- buyers, end users, craftsmen and workers, market surveillance and authorities. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and

41、are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery General principles for design Risk assessment and risk reducti

42、on (ISO 12100:2010) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100 and the following apply. 3.1 end-user feedback information given back by end-users 3.2 expert skilled end-user person who has habitually used the machine under investigation

43、 for an extended period; normally he has received specific training in the use of the machine through professional courses or directly at the workplace by a tutor, often by the employer or expert co-worker; he is often in charge of training of co- workers in the use of the machine under investigatio

44、n; he may be considered expert in the installation, use and maintenance of the machine Note 1 to entry: In micro and small-sized enterprises the expert/skilled end-user is often the employer. PD CEN/TR 16710-1:2015 CEN/TR 16710-1:2015 (E) 7 3.3 facilitator person, who leads the “Feedback Method” Wor

45、k Groups and collects the contributions of the skilled users of the machinery Note 1 to entry: The facilitator is competent in leading groups, and in occupational health and safety and the ergonomics of machinery, or is supported by experts in such disciplines. 3.4 feedback method specific method de

46、signed and applied to collect the contribution of machinery end-users by reconstructing and understanding the real work, in order to improve technical standards, together with the design, the manufacture and use of machinery Note 1 to entry: See also 11. 3.5 feedback method sheet document used by th

47、e facilitator to guide the discussions of the FMWG and to record the collected information Note 1 to entry: See 5.6.2. 3.6 feedback method Work Group FMWG group composed of five to nine experts/skilled end users, coming from different enterprises, which, under the direction of a facilitator, provide

48、s the reconstruction and understanding of the real work with a specific machine by means of the “Feedback Method” sheet 3.7 final technical report synthesis of the results of all the processes of the “Feedback Method” to a specific machine, written by the researcher from the reports of the FMWG meet

49、ings with the help, if needed, of other ergonomists/ technicians/ consultants Note 1 to entry: The main contents are represented by the critical aspects identified, risks and disorders as well as by the possible solutions and or any need for further research. 3.8 job organization and sequence in time and space of an individuals work tasks or the combination of all human performance by one worker within a work system SOURCE: ISO 6385:2004, 2.4 3.9 machine dossier collection of technical documentation and data on the machine, so as to be aware of t