BS ISO 6196-5-1988 en_5709 Micrographics - Vocabulary - Quality of images legibility inspection《缩微摄影技术.词汇.图像质量 清晰度 检验》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS ISO 6196-5:1987 Incorporating Amendment No.1 to BS6054-5:1988 (renumbers the BS as BS ISO6196-5:1987) Micrographics Vocabulary Part5: Quality of images, legibility, inspection ICS 01.040.37; 37.080BSISO6196-5:1987 This BritishStandard, having been prepared under the directionof t

2、he Documentation Standards Committee, was published under the authority ofthe Board of BSI and comesintoeffect on 29April1988 BSI 03-2000 ISBN 0 580 16497 7 Committees responsible for this BritishStandard The preparation of this BritishStandard was entrusted by the Documentation Standards Committee(

3、DOT/-) to Technical Committee DOT/16, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Broadcasting Corporation British Coal Corporation British Computer Society British Micrographics Manufacturers Association British Photographic Association Business Equipment and Information Technology As

4、sociation Drawing Office Material Manufacturers and Dealers Association Electronic Engineering Association Her Majestys Stationery Office Ministry of Defence National Association of Microfilm Bureaux National Centre for Information Media and Technology(Cimtech) Oil and Chemical Plant Constructors As

5、sociation Society of British Aerospace Companies Standing Conference of National and University Libraries The following body was also represented in the drafting of the standard, through sub-committees and panels: Her Majestys Treasury Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 10439

6、 April1999 Change of identifier to BS ISO6196-5BSISO6196-5:1987 BSI 03-2000 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii 1 General 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Scope and field of application 1 2 Principles and rules followed 1 3 Terms and definitions 2 Index 6 Figure 1

7、ISO character 2 Figure 2 Example of ISO word 3 Figure 3 ISO No.1 test chart 3 Figure 4 ISO No.2 test pattern 4 Figure 5 ISO No.2 test chart 4 Figure 6 Sensitometric curve 5 Figure 7 Gamma 5 Publications referred to Inside back coverBSISO6196-5:1987 ii BSI 03-2000 National foreword This Part of BS605

8、4 has been prepared under the direction of the Documentation Standards Committee and is identical with ISO6196-5:1987 “Micrographics Vocabulary Part05: Quality of images, legibility, inspection”, published by the International Organization for Standardization(ISO). Terminology and conventions. The t

9、ext of the International Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as a BritishStandard without deviation. Some terminology and certain conventions are not identical with those used in BritishStandards; attention is drawn especially to the following. Wherever the words “ISO6196”, “part

10、of ISO6196” or “International Standard” appear, referring to this standard, they should be read as “BS6054” or “Part of BS6054” as appropriate. In BritishStandards it is current practice to use the spelling “thiosulphate” instead of “thiosulfate”. There is no BritishStandard corresponding to ISO R/1

11、087 but, as the reference is purely informative, it does not affect the validity of this BritishStandard. Additional information. This standard is the national implementation of ISO6196-5:1987; as such, only the English text has been reproduced. If the French text, Russian text and equivalent German

12、 terms are required, reference should be made to the original ISO publication. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself co

13、nfer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-reference International Standard Corresponding BritishStandard ISO3166:1981 BS5374:1981 Specification for codes for the representation of names of countries (Identical) Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi a

14、ndii, pages1 to6, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.BSISO6196-5:1987 BSI 03-2000 1 1 General 1.1 Introduction Micrographics gives

15、 rise to numerous international commercial exchanges which often become difficult, either because of the great variety of terms used in various fields or languages to express the same concept, or because of the lack or imprecision of definitions for useful concepts. To avoid misunderstandings due to

16、 this situation and to facilitate such exchanges, it is advisable to select terms to be used in various languages or countries to express the same concept and to establish definitions providing satisfactory equivalents for the various terms in different languages. ISO6196 consists of several parts p

17、ublished separately, as the work proceeds, their numbering beginning with01. 1.2 Scope and field of application This part of ISO6196 presents, in English, French and Russian, terms and definitions of selected concepts used in micrographics and identifies relationships between the entries. This part

18、of ISO6196 deals with terms related to the quality of images, legibility and inspection. It is intended to facilitate international exchanges in this field. NOTEIn addition to terms given in the three official ISO languages, this part of ISO6196 gives the equivalent terms in the German language in a

19、n annex; these have been included at the request of ISO Technical Committee TC171 and are published under the responsibility of the member body for Germany, F.R.(DIN). However, only the terms and definitions given in the official languages can be considered as ISO terms and definitions. 2 Principles

20、 and rules followed 2.1 Definition of an entry The vocabulary consists of a number of entries. The term entry is to be understood to have the following meaning. entry a set of essential elements consisting of an index number, one or, if necessary, more synonymous terms, and a phrase defining one con

21、cept; in addition, a set may include examples, notes or illustrations to facilitate the understanding of the concept NOTETerms such as vocabulary, concept, term and definition are used in this part and in the body of this International Standard with the meanings given in ISO/R1087, Vocabulary of ter

22、minology. 2.2 Organization of an entry Each entry contains the essential elements as defined in2.1 and if necessary some additional items; thus it may contain for each language at most the following items in the following order: a) an index number(common for all languages); b) the term or the genera

23、lly preferred term in the language(the absence of a generally accepted term for the concept in the language is indicated by a row of dots); c) the preferred term in a particular country(identified according to ISO3166, Codes for the representation of names of countries); d) the abbreviation for the

24、term; e) permitted synonymous term or terms; f) the text of the definition(see2.4); g) one or more examples with the heading “Example(s)”; h) one or more notes specifying particular cases in the field of application of the concepts, with the heading “Note(s)”; i) a picture, a diagram or a table(thes

25、e may be common to several entries). Items a) to e) in the list above are printed in bold typeface. Item d) in the list above, and in some entries one or more of the items b), c) and e), is (are) in each case followed by a qualifier. A qualifier is printed in normal typeface in parentheses after the

26、 term or abbreviation and indicates: a directive for the use of the term, such as “deprecated term”, “deprecated in this sense” or “strongly deprecated”; a particular field of application for the term, as defined; the grammatical form of the term or the like, such as “noun”, “adjective”, “verb” or “

27、abbreviation”. 2.3 Classification of an entry A two-digit serial number is assigned to each part of this International Standard, beginning with01 for general terms. Each entry is assigned a four-digit serial number, the first two digits being those of the part. In any future revision or amendment of

28、 this International Standard, further entries will be added at the end of a part without altering the numbers of the existing entries. 2.4 Selection of terms and wording of definitions The selection of terms and the wording of definitions have, as far as possible, followed established usage.BSISO619

29、6-5:1987 2 BSI 03-2000 2.5 Multiple meanings When a given term has several different meanings, a separate entry is given for each meaning to facilitate translation into other languages. 2.6 Abbreviations As indicated in2.2, abbreviations in current use are given for some terms. They may be used only

30、 if this will not lead to any ambiguity or lack of clarity. They are not used in the texts of the definitions, examples or notes in this International Standard. 2.7 Use of parentheses In some terms, a word or words printed in bold typeface is(are) placed in parentheses. These words are part of the c

31、omplete term, but they may be omitted when use of the abridged term in a technical context does not introduce ambiguity. In the text of another definition, example or note in this International Standard, such a term is used only in its complete form. Directives for the use of the term, its particula

32、r field of application or its grammatical form are not part of the term and are printed in normal typeface. 2.8 Use of the terms printed in italic typeface in definitions and use of asterisks A term printed in italic typeface in a definition, an example or a note, has the meaning given to it in anot

33、her entry of this International Standard, which may be in another part. However, the term is only printed in italic typeface the first time that it occurs in each entry. Other grammatical forms of the term, for example plurals of nouns and participles of verbs, are printed in the same way as the bas

34、ic form. The basic forms of all such terms are listed in the index at the end of the part. When two such terms defined in separate entries directly follow each other(or are separated only by a punctuation sign), an asterisk separates the terms. The words or terms which are printed in normal typeface

35、 are to be understood as defined in current dictionaries or authoritative technical vocabularies in the language concerned. 2.9 Organization of the alphabetical index At the end of each part, an alphabetical index, foreach language used, includes all terms in thatlanguage defined in the part or used

36、 in thedefinitions and defined in other parts. Multiple-word terms appear in alphabetical order both by natural order of words and by their key words. 3 Terms and definitions 05.01 resolution 1) the ability of a photographic system(equipment, optics, sensitized material and processing) to record fin

37、e detail. 2) the ability of an optical system to display fine detail. 05.02 resolving power a numerical expression of the limit of resolution of an optical or photographic system, measured with a test chart and expressed as the number of line pairs per millimetre discernible in an image of this test

38、 chart NOTEBecause of the imperfections of any optical system, the resolving power is not constant over the whole of any image area. 05.03 acutance an objective measure of the ability of photographic material to show a sharp line of demarcation between two adjacent areas of an image, where one area

39、is clear and the, other is dark 05.04 sharpness the subjective visual sensation of the ability of photographic material to show a sharp line of demarcation between two adjacent areas of an image, of different densities 05.05 grain an accumulation of metallic silver filaments which forms an image 05.

40、06 graininess the subjective impression of non-uniformity of the image structure due to the uneven distribution of grains Figure 1 ISO characterBSISO6196-5:1987 BSI 03-2000 3 05.07 granularity the objective measure of non-uniformity of the image structure, expressed in numeric values, measured acros

41、s an area of uniform exposure 05.08 polarity the dark-to-light relationship of lines and characters against a background. It is used for expressing the change in or retention of the dark-to-light relationship of an image relative to that of the original, i.e.when a first-generation negative-appearin

42、g image gives a second-generation positive-appearing image there is a change in polarity; in contrast, when a first-generation negative-appearing image gives a second-generation negative-appearing image the polarity is retained 05.09 legibility the ability of an image to be interpreted 05.10 contras

43、t(of an image) the difference between the highest and the lowest densities of an image 05.11 net density after conventional processing, the difference between the image and the base-plus-fog densities 05.12 fog unwanted photographic density 05.13 fog level the difference between the base-plus-fog an

44、d the base densities 05.14 test chart a target containing graphic patterns designed for evaluating the resolving power of a photographic system and its ability to produce legible images 05.15 ISO character conventional graphical character, consisting of a regular octagon with two internal parallel l

45、ines 05.16 ISO word group of at least four ISO characters of the same size, randomly oriented 05.17 ISO No.1 test chart test chart made up of ISO words, spaced in a specified manner, whose heights, measured in hundredths of a millimetre, form a series that conforms to the R20 series of numbers 05.18

46、 ISO No.2 test pattern two sets of five parallel black lines at right angles, with spaces between them, of the same width andheight 05.19 line pair line(deprecated term) a combination of a black line and its adjacent equalspace 05.20 ISO No.2 test chart test chart made up of ISO No.2 test patterns,

47、which are designated by numbers that express the line pairs per millimetre resolved and which form a series that conforms to the R20 series of numbers Figure 2 Example of ISO word Figure 3 ISO No.1 test chartBSISO6196-5:1987 4 BSI 03-2000 05.21 microtest chart a target comprising reduced-size ISO wo

48、rds or ISONo.2 test patterns, used for evaluating the image quality of microform equipment 05.22 test target a target comprising elements, such as test charts, metric reference graduation and reflectance patches, used for assessing the quality of a micrographics system 05.23 sensitometric curve char

49、acteristic curve H and D curve(obsolete) the curve showing the relation between the logarithm of light exposure and the resulting density in a developed photographic image 05.24 gamma the slope of the straight line portion of the sensitometric curve. It is measured as the trigonometric tangent of the angle ! 05.25 average gradient slope of the straight line joining two specified points on the sensitometric curve NOTEIn micrographics, the density points are generally0,1 and1,2 density units above the base-plus-fog density. 05.26 underdevelopment