2018年最新版高中英语知识点归纳总结整理版本.doc

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1、高中英语知识点总结整理版 2018 年最新版 目录： 一、重点单词 二、重点词组 三、高级词汇 四、词组固定搭配 五、高级句型结构 六、过去完成时概念 七、阅读理解解题 指导 一、重点单词 1.able 用法： be able to do Note: 反义词 unable 表示不能，而 disabled 表示残疾的。 be able to do 可以表示经过艰难困苦才能做到的事。 2.abroad 用法：表示到（在）国外，是一个副词，前面不加介词。 Note: 可以说 from abroad, 表示从国外回来。 3.admit 用法：表示承认的时候后面要加上动名词形式。 Note: 表示允许进

2、入的时候与介词 to 搭配。 4.advise 用法： advise sb. to do; advise doing Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即： advise that sb. (should) do 的形式。 5.afford 用法：通常与动词不 定式搭配使用。 Note: 前面需要有 be able to 或 can 等词。 6.after 用法：表示在时间、空间之后； be after 表示追寻。 Note: 用在将来时的时候后面接一时间点，而 in 接一个时间段，如： after 3 oclock; in 3 days. 7.agree 用法：与介词 on, to,

3、with 及动词不定式搭配。 Note: agree on 表示达成一致； agree to 表示批准；agree with 表示同意某人说的话。 8.alive 用法：表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作 定语。 Note: 可以作状语使用，表示活活地，如： bury sb. alive. 9.allow 用法： allow doing; allow sb. to do Note: 可以表示允许进入，如： Please allow me in. 10.among 用法：用在三者或三者以上的群体中。 Note: 还可以表示其中之一，如： He is among the best. 11.an

4、d 用法：用于连接两个词、短语、句子或其他相同结构。 Note: 与祈使句搭配时往往可以表示条件。如： Work hard, and youll succeed sooner or later. 12.another 用法：表示又一个，泛指，相当于 one more的含义。 Note: 不能直接加复数名词，需要与一个数词搭配，如：another 2 weeks. 13.answer 用法：及物动词，但在作名词时要与介词 to搭配。 Note: 可以表示接电话、应门等。如： answer the phone/door. 14.anxious 用法： be anxious for/about/to

5、 do Note: be anxious about 表示担心； be anxious for 表示盼望得到。 15.appear 用法：不及物动词，没有宾语，没有被动语态。 Note: 还可以作为系动词，与 seem 同义，表示看起来 。 16.arrive 用法： arrive at 表示到一个小地方； arrive in表示到一个大地方。 Note: 引申含义表示得出，如： arrive at a decision/conclusion. 17.ask 用法： ask to do; ask sb. to do; ask for Note: 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。 即： ask th

6、at sb. (should) do 的形式。 18.asleep 用法：表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。 Note: 通常与动词 be 及 fall 搭配； sound asleep 表示熟睡。 19.attend 用法：表示参加，后面经常加上 meeting, lecture, conference, class, school, wedding, funeral 等词；也可以表示照顾，照料。 Note: attend to 可以表示处理、照料等。 20.attention 用法： pay attention to; draw/catch sbs attention Note:

7、 写通知时的常用语： May I have your attention, please? 21.beat 用法：表示打败某人，或连续不断地击打某物。 Note: heartbeat 表示心跳。 22.because 用法：后面接原因状语从句， because of后面接名词。 Note: because 表示直接原因，因此只有用它才可以回答 why 的特殊疑问句及用在强调句中。 23.become 用法：系动词，表示变得 。可以由好变坏或由坏变好。 Note: become of sb.表示某人发生了什么事情。 24.before 用法： before long, long before,

8、the day before yesterday, the week / year before last 上上周 /前年 Note: It be + 段时间 before 在该句型中，主句时态只有将来时态和一般过去时态。 25.begin 用法： begin to do; begin doing Note: 当 begin 本身是进行时的时候，只能用 begin to do 的形式。如： It was beginning to rain. 26.believe 用法： believe sb.表示相信某人说的话；believe in sb.表示信任； 6123 结构。 Note: 回答问句时通

9、常用 I believe so/not 的形式。 27.besides 用法：表示除 之外还有，包含在一个整体之中。 Note: 还可以用作副词，表示此外，要用逗号隔开。 28.beyond 用法：表示越过、在另一边，如： beyond the wood/bridge. Note: 可以 用于引申含义，表示超出 ，如： beyond control/power/description. 29.bit 用法：与 a little 一样可以修饰不可数名词，形容词或副词。 Note: 修饰名词时要用 a bit of； not a bit 表示一点也不。 30.blame 用法： take/bear

10、 the blame; blame sth. on. sb. Note: 表示应受到责怪时不用被动语态，如： He is to blame. 31.blow 用法： blow down/away Note: 表示风刮得 很大时要用 blow hard. 32.boil 用法： boiling 表示沸腾的； boiled 表示煮过的。 Note: boiling point 可以表示沸点。 33.borrow 用法： borrow 表示借入： lend 表示借出。 Note: 点动词，不能表示借的时间长短。 34.breath 用法： hold ones breath;out of breath

11、; save ones breath Note: take a breath 表示深吸一口气； take breath 表示喘口气。 35.burn 用法： burn down/up/ones hand Note: burning 表示点着的； burnt 表示烧坏的。 36.business 用法： on business 表示出差； in/out of business 表示开 /关张。 Note: 表示商业时不可数，表示具体的行业时可数。 37.busy 用法： be busy with/doing. Note: 不能说 My work is busy. 应说 I am busy wit

12、h my work. 38.buy 用法： buy sth. for 5 dollars; buy sth. for sb. Note: 点动词，不能表示买的时间长短。 39.but 用法： notbut but for next but one , have no choice bu to do sth., all but 几乎，差一点 Note: do nothing but do sth. nothing 前有 do，后面的to 要省略。 Not only but also 引导的并列句，前倒后不倒。 cannot help/ choose but do sth. 不能不，只能 40.b

13、y 用法 ： by accident, by air/ sea/ train, by and by, by far, by force, by mistake, by chance, by the way Note: by way of 取道，经由。 by reason of 由于。 by 引导的时间状语一般句子用完成时态。 41.care 用法： take care of; with care; care for/about Note: care about 表示在乎，常用于否定句； care for表示关心，喜爱，常用于肯定 句。 42.carry 用法： carry 表示搬运； carr

14、y on 表示进行；坚持下去； carry out 表示执行。 Note: carry 没有方向性，可以表示随身携带。 43.case 用法： in case; in case of; in any case; in this/that case Note: in case 后面的状语从句可以用虚拟语气，即 in case sb. should do 的形式。 44.catch 用法： catch the thief; catch fire; catch a cold; catch up with Note: be caught 表示陷入困境，如： He was caught in the r

15、ain. 45.cattle 用法：集合名词，动词要用复数形式。如：Cattle are raised here. Note: 一头牛可以用 a head of cattle. 注意十头牛用ten head of cattle。 46.chance 用法： by chance; take a chance; there is a chance that Note: 在 chance 后面可以 用动词不定式或者 of 的结构作定语。 47.change 用法： change A for B 表示用 A 换成 B；change A into B 表示把 A 变成 B。 Note: 表示变化时是可数

16、名词，表示零钱时不可数。 48.class 用法：集合名词，谓语动词单复数由其表示的意思决定。 Note: in class 表示在上课， in the class 表示在班上。 49.close 用法：动词表示关闭；形容词表示亲密的；副词表示靠近。 Note: close 作副词时表示距离上的靠近，而另一个副词形式 closely 表示 密切地。 50.clothes 用法：复数名词，谓语动词用复数，不能加不定冠词。 Note: 要用 few 或 many 来修饰。 51. buy 用法： buy sth. for 5 dollars; buy sth. for sb. Note: 点动词，

17、不能表示买的时间长短。 52. but 用法： notbut but for next but one , have no choice bu to do sth., all but 几乎，差一点 Note: do nothing but do sth. nothing 前有 do，后面的to 要省略。 Not only but also 引导的并列句，前倒后不倒。 cannot help/ choose but do sth. 不能不，只能 53. by 用法： by accident, by air/ sea/ train, by and by, by far, by force, by

18、mistake, by chance, by the way Note: by way of 取道，经由。 by reason of 由于。 by 引导的时间状语一般句子用完成时态。 54. call 用法： call for / up / back / in / , call on sb. to do sth., pay / make a call on sb. give sb. a call ,on call Note: call at 后面跟地点； call on 后面跟人。 55. care 用法： take care of; with care; care for/about Not

19、e: care about 表示在乎，常用于否定句； care for表示关心，喜爱，常用于肯定句。 56. carry 用法： carry 表示搬运； carry on 表示进行；坚持下去； carry out 表示执行。 Note: carry 没有方向性，可以表示随身携带。 57. case 用法： in case; in case of; in any case; in this/that case Note: in case 后面的状语从句可以用虚拟语气，即 in case sb. should do 的形式。 58. catch 用法： catch the thief; catch

20、 fire; catch a cold; catch up with, catch sb. doing sth. Note: be caught 表示陷入困境，如： He was caught in the rain. 59. cattle 用法：集合名词，动词要用复数形式。如：Cattle are raised here. Note: 一头牛可以用 a head of cattle. 注意十头牛用ten head of cattle。 60. chance 用法： by chance; take a chance; there is a chance that Note: 在 chance

21、后面可以用动词不定式或者 of 的结构作定语。 61. change 用法： change A for B 表示用 A 换成 B；change A into B 表示把 A 变成 B。 Note: 表示变化时是可数名词，表示零钱时不可数。 62. charge 用法： charge sb. with (doing) sth. that , charge sb. to do sth. charge sb. for $ Note: in charge of 负责； in the charge of 由某人负责(表示的是被动的 )。 63. class 用法：集合名词，谓语动词单复数由其表示的意思决

22、定。 Note: in class 表示在上课， in the class 表示在班上。 64. clear 用法： clear away, clear off, make clear, it is clear that Note: clear up 及物时表示 “澄清，整理，收拾 ”；不及物表示 “晴朗起来，开朗起来 ”。 65. close 用法：动词表示关闭；形容词表示亲密的；副词表示靠近。 Note: close 作副词 时表示距离上的靠近，而另一个副词形式 closely 表示密切地。 66. clothes 用法：复数名词，谓语动词用复数，不能加不定冠词。 Note: 要用 few

23、 或 many 来修饰。 67. collect 用法： collect stamps; collect ones child from school Note: a collect phone 表示对方付费的电话。 68. come 用法：表示到说话者所处的地方来。常见短语有： come to, come about, come across, come out,come to an end, come down, come up, come into being/ exist / force / effect 等。 Note: 可用作系动词，表示变成，如： His dreams came

24、true. 69. common 用法：表示普遍性，如： Smith is a common name. Note: common sense 表示常识； in common 表示共同点。 70. compare 用法： comparewith 表示把 与 作比较； compare to 表示把 比作 。 Note: 用作状语时，二者都可以表示比较，如：Compared with/to other women, she was very lucky. 71. consider 用法： consider doing sth. / what to do / that.， consider sb.

25、sth. 6123 结构 Note: 该词直接跟宾语用动名词但可以用不定式作宾补； considering 引导短语作状语，表示 “考虑到 ” 72. condition 用法：表示生活、工作等的条件或状 况。 Note: on condition that 表示只要，条件状语从句。 73. content 用法： be content with/to do Note: 表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。 74. cost 用法： sth. cost sb. some money，只能用物作主语。 Note: 修饰 cost 要用副词 high 或 low. 75. cover 用法

26、： be covered with 表示状态； be covered by 表示动作。 Note: 反义词 uncover 表示揭开盖子； discover 表示发现。 76. cross 用法： cross off 划掉， cross ones mind, cross out, bear ones cross 忍受痛苦 Note: 作形容词一般用于 be cross with sb. = be angry with sb. 77. crowd 用法： be crowded with Note: 集合名词，谓语动词单复数由其表示的意思决定。 78. cure 用法： cure sb. of N

27、ote: cure 强调治愈，表示结果；而 treat 知表示动作。 79. cut 用法： cut down/up/off Note: 作名词时 a short cut 表示捷径。 80. damage 用法： do damage to sb. = do sb. harm Note: 表示损害的时候不可数，复数形式可以表示赔偿费。 81. danger 用法： in danger 表示处于危险的境地。 Note: 表示一般概念时不可数，表示具体危险时可数。 82. dare 用法：作为情态动词一般用于否定句，疑问句或者条件状语从句；作为实意动词后跟不定式。 Note: I dare say

28、that. 意为：我猜测，可能，或许。 83. dark 用法： before/after dark; in the dark Note: 可以表示深色的，如： dark blue. 84. deal 用法： a great/good deal of 修饰不可数名词。 Note: 作动词时构成短语 deal with, 常与副词 how 搭配。 85. defeat 用法：及物动词，后面的宾语是国家，队，军队等名词。 Note: 不能用人作宾语。 86. demand 用法： demand to do; demand that, demand of sb. to do sth. Note: 后

29、面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即： demand that sb. (should) do 的形式。 87. depend 用法： depend on sb./ sth. / ones doing sth. / to do sth. Note: depend 不及物动词，常和 on 连用。意为 “依靠，信赖 ” 88. desert 用法：名词表示沙漠；动词表示抛弃。 Note: 可以用过去分词作表语或定语，表示废弃的，如：a deserted house. 89. determine 用法： determine to do; determine sb. to do Note: 过去分词表示有决心

30、的，可以说 be determined to do sth. 决心做 ( 表示状态 ) 90. devote 用法： devote oneself to; be devoted to Note: 与 devote 搭配的 to 是介词，后面接名词或动名词。如： His whole life was devoted to teaching. 91. die 用法： die of/from/for/out/ away Note: 点动词，不与 for 引起的时间状语连用。 92. difficulty 用法： have difficulty with; have difficulties with

31、 sth. ; have difficulty in doing sth. ; Note: 表示一般概念时不可数，表示具体困难时可数。 93. disagree 用法： disagree with sb. Note: disagree 虽然在形式上有否定前缀，但并不是个否定词。注意它的反义问句形式： He disagreed with you, didnt he? 94. distance 用法： in the distance; at a distance Note: 可用于引申含义，表示时间上或情感上的距离。 95. divide 用法： divideinto 表示把 分成几份。强调分成等

32、份。 Note: 可以表示除法，如： Nine divided by three is three. 96. do 用法： do away with, do sb. a faour; do up; do with., do wonders, do sb. wrong = do wrong to sb. Note: 主要用作及物动词；不及物时表示 “行 ”： If you have no pen, pencil will do. 97. doubt 用法： doubt sb. / sth. , beyond doubt, in doubt, no doubt, without a doubt N

33、ote: 主句是否定句时宾语用 that 引导；主句是肯定句时宾语用 whether / if 引导。 98. downtown 用法：副词，前面不加 介词，如： go downtown. Note: 可用作定语，如： a downtown street. 99. draw 用法： draw a picture/the curtain Note: 引申含义表示得出，如： draw a conclusion/lesson. 100. dream 用法： dream of/about/that - 二、重点词组 1. be able to do 能够做 After paying great eff

34、orts, he is able to speak English fluently. 2. be about to do 正要做 As I was about to say, you interrupted me. 3. add to 把 加 If you add 5 to 5, you get ten. If the tea is too strong, add some hot water. This adds to our difficulties. 4. be afraid of 害怕 I was afraid of hurting her feelings. 5. go again

35、st 反对 We dont agree with the proposal, because it goes against the law. 6. agree on 达成一致 We agreed on an early start/making a early start. We all agree on the terms. 7.agree to do 同意做 My father has agreed to buy me a new computer. 8. agree with 同意某人（或其想法、观点、认识等）；与 相符 I dont agree with you on this po

36、int. Your story agrees with what I had already heard. The climate doesnt agree with me. The mussels I had for lunch havent agreed with me. The verb agrees its subject in number and person. 9. be angry with 对 生气 He was angry with himself for having made such a foolish mistake. He was angry at being k

37、ept waiting. 10. be anxious about 对 担心 I was anxious about my sons health. 11. apply for 申请 I have applied to the Consul for the visa. 12. take sth. in ones arms 把 抱在怀里 She took a bunch of roses in her arms. 13. take up arms 拿起武器 We should take up our arms to defend our motherland. 14. arrive in/at

38、a place 达到某地 My brother will arrive in Beijing next Monday. I arrive at the school every morning at a regular time. 15. ask (sb.) for sth.向（某人）要某物 You shouldnt ask your parents for money any more. 16. pay attention to 对 注意 When you write an essay, you have several things to pay attention to. 17. be

39、away from 远离 When you friend is in trouble, dont be away from him/her; instead, you should try your best to help. 18. go/run away 逃跑 Its dangerous! Go/run away immediately. 19. beat to death 将 打死 He was nearly beat to death once after he was caught stealing. 20. go to bed 上床休息 I was so tired that I

40、went to bed earlier than before. 21. make the bed 铺床 You are old enough to make the beds by yourself. 22. beg ones pardon 请某人再说一遍 Sorry I didnt catch it. I beg your pardon. 23. begin with 以 开始 The party began with a cheerful song. 24. believe in 信仰 In western countries, many people believe in God. 2

41、5. belong to 属于 That Taiwan belongs to China should be unquestionable. 26. do ones best 尽最大的努力 If you have done your best, then theres nothing to regret. 27. had better 最好 You had better stop smoking. 28. blow away 吹走 The wind blew the heat away. 29. take a boat 乘船 I took a boat to go to the island

42、in the center of the lake. 30. be born 出生 He was born in a wealthy family. 31. break away from 从 脱离，断绝关系 We wont say “Yes“ to anyones breaking away from our country. Cant you break away from old habits? 32. break down（指 计划 、打算）破灭；（机器）坏了；（身体状况）变差 Our plans have broken down. Negotiations between the t

43、wo countries have broken down. The engine broke down. His health broke down after the death of his wife. Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach. 33. break into 破门而入 His house was broken into last week. 34. break off 从中间打断 He broke off in the middle of a sentence. Lets break off for an hour

44、and have some tea. The mast broke off. 35. break out（指战争、灾难、争吵等）突然爆发 A fire broke out during the night. The quarrel broke out afresh. 36. break the rules 违反规则 Everyone in the group mustnt break the rules. 37. break up 击碎、驱散 终止 结束 分裂 分开 分手放学 The ship was breaking up on the rocks. The gathering broke

45、up in disorder. The police broke up the crowd. 38. hold ones breath 屏住呼吸 He held his breath and sneaked into his room. 39. bring down 击落、打倒 A moment ago, we brought down a hostile aircraft. We should bring down the tyrant. 40. bring in 赚得、赢得（利润） His farms bring (him) in $20000 a year. The program br

46、ings in a new fashion. 41. bring on 导致 结果 He was out all day in the rain and this brought on a bad cold. The fine weather is bringing the crops on nicely. The coach is bringing on some youngsters in the reserve team. 42. bring up 抚养 She has brought up five children. If children are badly brought up

47、they behave badly. 43. build up 建立；恢复（身体状况等） He has built up a good business. He went on holiday and soon built up his health. 44. burnto the ground 把 夷为平地 The Japanese invaders burnt the houses to the ground. 45. burn down 烧光 The house was burnt down. 46. burst into laughter.突然爆发大笑 On seeing the am

48、using scene, she burst into laughter. 47. burst into tears 突然大哭 She suddenly burst into tears. 48. be busy doing/with sth.忙于做某事 We are busy preparing for/with the exam. 49. call at (a place)拜访某地 I called at the tailors a couple of days ago. 50. call back 回电话 I will call back later. 51. call for 到某地取

49、东西；接人；要求；呼吁 A man calls every Monday for old newspapers. Ill call for you at 6 oclock. The occasion calls for prompt action. People all over the world call for peace. 52. call in 请（医生） Please call in a doctor at once. 53. call on 拜访某人 My uncle called on me yesterday on his way home. 54. take care of 照顾；负责 The nurse took goo