2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(浙江卷)英语及答案解析.docx
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1、2018 年 普 通 高 等 学 校 招 生 全 国 统 一 考 试 ( 浙 江 卷 ) 英 语第 二 部 分 阅 读 理 解 ( 共 两 节 , 满 分 35 分 )第 一 节 ( 共 10 小 题 ; 每 小 题 2.5 分 , 满 分 25 分 )阅 读 下 列 短 文 , 从 每 题 所 给 的 A、 B、 C 和 D 四 个 选 项 中 , 选 出 最 佳 选 项 。AIn 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain.People had been writing
2、 novels for a century most experts date the first novel to RobinsonCrusoe in 1719 but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing presswas still in its early stages; the literacy( 识 字 ) rate in England was under 50%. Many works offiction appeared without the names of the author
3、s, often with something like “ By a lady.” Novels,for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad. In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer andpublisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels
4、andtheir readership and whose characters from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim were held up as moraltouchstones. Today Dickensgreatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon( 名 人 堂 )of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.How did Dickens get to
5、the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is anumbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels werepublished during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able toname a half-dozen of them. Its partly true tha
6、t Dickensstyle of writing attracted audiencesfrom all walks of life. Its partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientificprogress. But its also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No onewill ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy a
7、nd luck made Dickens such a singular writer.But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible and important for our own culture to understand how he made himself a lasting one.21. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?A. They were difficult to un
8、derstand.B. They were popular among the rich.C. They were seen as nearly worthless.D. They were written mostly by women.解 析 : 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 一 段 对 当 时 情 况 的 描 写 nobody wanted to do it professionally. Thesteam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy( 识 字 ) rate in Englan
9、d wasunder 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors. Novels, for themost part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.印 刷 技 术 落 后 , 人 们 识 字 率 低 ,作 品 上 没 有 作 者 名 字 , 小 说 被 认 为 是 愚 蠢 的 不 正 常 的 , 毫 无 价 值 可 言 。 故 选 C。答 案 : C 22. Dickens is compared with the Mon
10、a Lisa in the text to stress_.A. his reputation in FranceB. his interest in modern artC. his success in publicationD. his importance in literature 解 析 : 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 第 二 段 Dickensgreatness is unchallenged.和 列 举 的 Charles Dickens小 说 的 影 响 可 知 , 把 他 和 Mona Lisa 相 比 是 为 了 说 明 Charles Dickens 在 英 国 小
11、 说 方 面 的 重 要性 和 Mona Lisa 在 绘 画 方 面 的 重 要 性 是 一 样 的 , 故 选 D。答 案 : D23. What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A. To remember a great writer.B. To introduce an English novel.C. To encourage studies on culture.D. To promote values of the Victorian age.解 析 : 写 作 意 图 题 。 根 据 文 中 对 Charles Dicke
12、ns 及 其 作 品 在 英 国 小 说 史 上 重 要 性 的 描 写 ,和 文 章 最 后 But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible and importantfor our own cultureto understand how he made himself a lasting one.可 知 本 文 是 写 于 Charles Dickens 诞 辰 200 周 年 前 夕 , 由 此 可 知 作 者 写 本 文 是 为 了 纪 念 这 位 伟 大 的 作 家 。 故 选 A。答 案 :
13、 A BSteven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you considerthat hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall offgarbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Steinsjobs is d
14、efending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up intree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them atcheckouts( 收 银 台 ) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in Californ
15、ia, including LosAngeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make thecase that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume. Among the bag makers argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchasepaper bags, which are ea
16、sily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And whileplastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the groundtoday.The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusableshopping bags. The stronger a
17、 reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use itcancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One studyfound that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.Environmentalists dont dispute( 质 疑 ) t
18、hese points. They hope paper bags will be bannedsomeday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.24. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?A. Help increase grocery sales.B. Recycle the waste material. C. Stop things falling off trucks.D.Argue for the use of plastic bags.解 析 : 细
19、 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 一 段 one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plasticshopping bags.和 第 二 段 plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case thattheir products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.可 知 塑 料 袋 生 产 商 雇 用 Steven Stein 是 为 了 证 明 他 们 的 产 品 并
20、不 像 大 多 数 人 想 象 的 那 样 对 地 球 有 害 , 是 对 塑 料 袋 被 禁 用 的解 释 和 争 论 。 故 选 D。答 案 : D25. What does the word “ headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Bans on plastic bags.B. Effects of city development.C. Headaches caused by garbage.D. Plastic bags hung in trees.解 析 : 词 义 猜 测 题 。 上 文 介 绍 在 许 多 美 国 大 城 市 塑 料 袋
21、被 禁 用 , 看 到 这 种 现 状 , 塑 料 袋 生 产商 雇 用 Steven Stein 等 科 学 家 是 为 了 证 明 他 们 的 产 品 并 不 像 大 多 数 人 想 象 的 那 样 对 地 球 有 害 。headwinds“逆 风 ”, 此 处 指 塑 料 袋 被 禁 用 的 现 状 , 即 Bans on plastic bags, 故 选 A。答 案 : A 26. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?A. They are quite expensive.B.
22、 Replacing them can be difficult.C. They are less strong than plastic bags.D. Producing them requires more energy.解 析 : 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 四 段 However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require moreenergy to make.可 知 塑 料 袋 生 产 商 认 为 生 产 耐 用 且 能 重 复 使 用 的 袋 子 需 要 更 多 的 能 量 , 故 选D。答 案 : D27. What is t
23、he best title for the text?A. Plastic, Paper or NeitherB. Industry, Pollution and Environment C. Recycle or ThrowAwayD. Garbage Collection and Waste Control解 析 : 标 题 归 纳 题 。 文 章 讲 述 了 使 用 塑 料 袋 造 成 的 环 境 问 题 , 纸 袋 容 易 回 收 , 但 生 产 和 运 输需 要 更 多 的 能 源 , 希 望 消 费 者 使 用 耐 用 可 重 复 使 用 的 袋 子 。 对 这 三 种 方 式 进
24、 行 了 对 比 , Plastic,Paper or Neither 既 能 概 括 全 文 , 又 能 吸 引 读 者 , 最 适 合 作 为 标 题 。 故 选 A。答 案 : A CAs cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at thePiquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line( 装 配 线 ) onSeptember 27, 190
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