1、2018 年 普 通 高 等 学 校 招 生 全 国 统 一 考 试 ( 浙 江 卷 ) 英 语第 二 部 分 阅 读 理 解 ( 共 两 节 , 满 分 35 分 )第 一 节 ( 共 10 小 题 ; 每 小 题 2.5 分 , 满 分 25 分 )阅 读 下 列 短 文 , 从 每 题 所 给 的 A、 B、 C 和 D 四 个 选 项 中 , 选 出 最 佳 选 项 。AIn 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain.People had been writing
2、 novels for a century most experts date the first novel to RobinsonCrusoe in 1719 but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam-powered printing presswas still in its early stages; the literacy( 识 字 ) rate in England was under 50%. Many works offiction appeared without the names of the author
3、s, often with something like “ By a lady.” Novels,for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad. In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer andpublisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels
4、andtheir readership and whose characters from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim were held up as moraltouchstones. Today Dickensgreatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon( 名 人 堂 )of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.How did Dickens get to
5、the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is anumbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels werepublished during the Victorian age, from 1837 to1901; today a casual reader might be able toname a half-dozen of them. Its partly true tha
6、t Dickensstyle of writing attracted audiencesfrom all walks of life. Its partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientificprogress. But its also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No onewill ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy a
7、nd luck made Dickens such a singular writer.But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible and important for our own culture to understand how he made himself a lasting one.21. Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?A. They were difficult to un
8、derstand.B. They were popular among the rich.C. They were seen as nearly worthless.D. They were written mostly by women.解 析 : 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 一 段 对 当 时 情 况 的 描 写 nobody wanted to do it professionally. Thesteam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy( 识 字 ) rate in Englan
9、d wasunder 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors. Novels, for themost part, were looked upon as silly, immoral, or just plain bad.印 刷 技 术 落 后 , 人 们 识 字 率 低 ,作 品 上 没 有 作 者 名 字 , 小 说 被 认 为 是 愚 蠢 的 不 正 常 的 , 毫 无 价 值 可 言 。 故 选 C。答 案 : C 22. Dickens is compared with the Mon
10、a Lisa in the text to stress_.A. his reputation in FranceB. his interest in modern artC. his success in publicationD. his importance in literature 解 析 : 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 第 二 段 Dickensgreatness is unchallenged.和 列 举 的 Charles Dickens小 说 的 影 响 可 知 , 把 他 和 Mona Lisa 相 比 是 为 了 说 明 Charles Dickens 在 英 国 小
11、 说 方 面 的 重 要性 和 Mona Lisa 在 绘 画 方 面 的 重 要 性 是 一 样 的 , 故 选 D。答 案 : D23. What is the authors purpose in writing the text?A. To remember a great writer.B. To introduce an English novel.C. To encourage studies on culture.D. To promote values of the Victorian age.解 析 : 写 作 意 图 题 。 根 据 文 中 对 Charles Dicke
12、ns 及 其 作 品 在 英 国 小 说 史 上 重 要 性 的 描 写 ,和 文 章 最 后 But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible and importantfor our own cultureto understand how he made himself a lasting one.可 知 本 文 是 写 于 Charles Dickens 诞 辰 200 周 年 前 夕 , 由 此 可 知 作 者 写 本 文 是 为 了 纪 念 这 位 伟 大 的 作 家 。 故 选 A。答 案 :
13、 A BSteven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you considerthat hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall offgarbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Steinsjobs is d
14、efending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up intree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them atcheckouts( 收 银 台 ) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in Californ
15、ia, including LosAngeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make thecase that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume. Among the bag makers argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchasepaper bags, which are ea
16、sily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And whileplastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the groundtoday.The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusableshopping bags. The stronger a
17、 reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use itcancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One studyfound that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.Environmentalists dont dispute( 质 疑 ) t
18、hese points. They hope paper bags will be bannedsomeday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.24. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?A. Help increase grocery sales.B. Recycle the waste material. C. Stop things falling off trucks.D.Argue for the use of plastic bags.解 析 : 细
19、 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 一 段 one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plasticshopping bags.和 第 二 段 plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case thattheir products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.可 知 塑 料 袋 生 产 商 雇 用 Steven Stein 是 为 了 证 明 他 们 的 产 品 并
20、不 像 大 多 数 人 想 象 的 那 样 对 地 球 有 害 , 是 对 塑 料 袋 被 禁 用 的解 释 和 争 论 。 故 选 D。答 案 : D25. What does the word “ headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Bans on plastic bags.B. Effects of city development.C. Headaches caused by garbage.D. Plastic bags hung in trees.解 析 : 词 义 猜 测 题 。 上 文 介 绍 在 许 多 美 国 大 城 市 塑 料 袋
21、被 禁 用 , 看 到 这 种 现 状 , 塑 料 袋 生 产商 雇 用 Steven Stein 等 科 学 家 是 为 了 证 明 他 们 的 产 品 并 不 像 大 多 数 人 想 象 的 那 样 对 地 球 有 害 。headwinds“逆 风 ”, 此 处 指 塑 料 袋 被 禁 用 的 现 状 , 即 Bans on plastic bags, 故 选 A。答 案 : A 26. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?A. They are quite expensive.B.
22、 Replacing them can be difficult.C. They are less strong than plastic bags.D. Producing them requires more energy.解 析 : 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 四 段 However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require moreenergy to make.可 知 塑 料 袋 生 产 商 认 为 生 产 耐 用 且 能 重 复 使 用 的 袋 子 需 要 更 多 的 能 量 , 故 选D。答 案 : D27. What is t
23、he best title for the text?A. Plastic, Paper or NeitherB. Industry, Pollution and Environment C. Recycle or ThrowAwayD. Garbage Collection and Waste Control解 析 : 标 题 归 纳 题 。 文 章 讲 述 了 使 用 塑 料 袋 造 成 的 环 境 问 题 , 纸 袋 容 易 回 收 , 但 生 产 和 运 输需 要 更 多 的 能 源 , 希 望 消 费 者 使 用 耐 用 可 重 复 使 用 的 袋 子 。 对 这 三 种 方 式 进
24、 行 了 对 比 , Plastic,Paper or Neither 既 能 概 括 全 文 , 又 能 吸 引 读 者 , 最 适 合 作 为 标 题 。 故 选 A。答 案 : A CAs cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at thePiquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line( 装 配 线 ) onSeptember 27, 190
25、8. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Fordwould build fifteen million of them.Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even thehamburger. Fo
26、r most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American goingforward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the mosttypical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public w
27、orks project in history.In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in everygarage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformedAmerica from a farm-based society into an industrial power.The cars that drove the American
28、Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. InAmerica the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.The problems of excessive( 过 度 的 ) energy consumption, climate change and populationgrowth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears thewo
29、rst, but hopes for the best.Friedman points out that the green economy( 经 济 ) is a chance to keep American strength.“The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean airand healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”2
30、8. Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2? A. To explain Americans love for travelling by car.B. To show the influence of cars on American culture.C. To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.D. To praise the effectiveness of Americas road system.解 析 : 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 第 二 段 ModernAmeri
31、ca was born on the road, behind a wheel. The carshaped some of the most lasting aspects ofAmerican culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, themotel, even the hamburger.可 知 现 代 美 国 诞 生 于 公 路 和 汽 车 , 汽 车 塑 造 了 美 国 文 化 最 持 久 的 一些 方 面 。 Hamburger 就 是 汽 车 塑 造 的 美 国 文 化 的 一 个 方 面 。 用 这 个 例 子 是 在 说 明 汽
32、 车 对 美 国文 化 的 影 响 , 故 选 B。答 案 : B29. What has the use of cars in America led to?A. Decline of economy. B. Environmental problems.C. A shortage of oil supply.D. A farm-based society.解 析 : 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 四 段 The cars that drove theAmerican Dream have helped to create aglobal ecological disaster.可 知
33、 美 国 汽 车 的 迅 速 发 展 , 导 致 生 态 灾 难 。 故 选 B。答 案 : B30. What is Friedmans attitude towards Americas future?A. Ambiguous.B. Doubtful.C. Hopeful.D. Tolerant.解 析 : 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 倒 数 第 二 段 中 的 He fears the worst, but hopes for the best. 和 最 后 一 段 中 的 Friedman points out that the green economy( 经 济 ) is a
34、chance to keep American strength.可 见 Friedman 虽 然 对 未 来 担 心 , 但 抱 有 最 好 的 希 望 , 他 指 出 了 发 展 绿 色 积 极 的 想 法 。 可 见Friedman 对 未 来 是 充 满 希 望 的 , 故 选 C。答 案 : C 第 二 节 ( 共 5 小 题 ; 每 小 题 2 分 , 满 分 10 分 )根 据 短 文 内 容 , 从 短 文 后 的 选 项 中 选 出 能 填 入 空 白 处 的 最 佳 选 项 。 选 项 中 有 两 项 为 多 余 选 项 。Moving into a new home in
35、 a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, youwant to make sure that you become an acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood . theeasiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should._31_Perhaps one of the most important things you can
36、do as a good neighbor is to keep yourproperty(房 产 ) neat, clean, and in good repair. _32_ _ By choosing to keep the outside ofthe home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously,. When going for a walk.Take
37、 a small garbage bag. _33_ This small act will let your neighbors know that you careabout the area._34_ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping . Let them know you are there tohelp in any way t
38、his acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor._35_ _ By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongsto you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quicklybecome a good neighbor that everyone appreciate.A. In ge
39、neral, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.B.Agood neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.E. Should you come across waste paper
40、 thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.F. People tend to lake pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly解 析 : 怎 样 成 为 一 个 邻 居 都 喜 欢 的 人 , 作 者 给 了 几 点 建 议 。 31. 考 查 对 上 下 文 的 理 解 和 推 理 判 断 能 力 。 本 段
41、 讲 如 果 你 想 成 为 邻 居 中 一 个 可 以 接 受 和 有 价值 的 部 分 , 最 简 单 的 方 法 就 是 确 保 你 的 行 为 举 止 像 一 个 好 邻 居 。 下 文 是 具 体 做 法 , G 项 : 这里 有 一 些 技 巧 , 可 以 帮 助 你 迅 速 赢 得 邻 居 的 信 赖 。 承 上 启 下 , 故 选 G。32. 考 查 对 上 下 文 的 理 解 和 推 理 判 断 能 力 。 本 段 介 绍 和 邻 居 关 系 融 洽 最 重 要 的 是 保 持 干 净 整洁 的 户 内 户 外 环 境 , F 项 中 keeping everything i
42、n their street fresh and inviting. 保 持 街 上 的 一切 新 鲜 和 诱 人 , 与 本 段 意 思 一 致 , 故 选 F。33. 考 查 对 上 下 文 的 理 解 和 推 理 判 断 能 力 。 本 段 主 要 建 议 要 重 视 社 区 的 整 体 面 貌 , 出 门 拿 上一 个 垃 圾 袋 , E 项 : 遇 到 从 路 过 的 汽 车 里 扔 出 的 废 纸 , 把 它 捡 起 来 。 与 上 句 连 接 , 是 拿 垃 圾袋 的 作 用 。 故 选 E。34. 考 查 对 上 下 文 的 理 解 和 推 理 判 断 能 力 。 本 段 是
43、建 议 用 邻 居 可 以 接 受 的 方 式 帮 助 他 们 , 同时 尊 重 邻 居 的 隐 私 。 B 项 : 好 邻 居 就 是 喜 欢 在 小 的 方 面 帮 助 别 人 的 人 , 符 合 本 段 内 容 , 故 选B。35. 考 查 对 上 下 文 的 理 解 和 推 理 判 断 能 力 。 最 后 一 段 是 总 结 , 只 要 我 们 考 虑 周 到 , 尊 重 他 人 , 照 顾 好 属 于 自 己 的 东 西 , 为 周 围 的 人 感 到 自 豪 , 很 快 就 会 成 为 一 个 大 家 都 喜 欢 的 好 邻 居 。 C项 中 considerate behavio
44、r 是 下 文 内 容 的 概 括 , 故 选 C。答 案 : 31. G 32. F 33. E 34. B 35. C第 三 部 分 语 言 运 用 ( 共 两 节 , 满 分 45 分 ) 第 一 节 完 形 填 空 ( 共 20 小 题 ; 每 小 题 1.5 分 , 满 分 30 分 )阅 读 下 面 短 文 , 从 短 文 后 各 题 所 给 的 A、 B、 C 和 D 四 个 选 项 中 , 选 出 可 以 填 入 空 白 处的 最 佳 选 项 。We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it 3
45、6 to have toomuch?I 37 back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also 38 a teamsport. By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it_39_When I got into college, things _40. I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time.Because of all t
46、his _41_ there was no sense of _42_ to do my school workimmediately. I was performing this action of waiting until it later became 43 .Once thathappened, I just kept 44 my studying further and further back in my day. Then I got to thepoint where I was 45 really late at night to get my work alone. On
47、e day I 46 a former classmate of mine who was 47 a lot of money running asideline(副 业 ).Since his regular job was 48 ,I asked him why he just didnt do his sidelinefull-time. He said without the job, he would 49 have too much time and would just do whatI did back in 50 .He said that if he 51 the job,
48、 he would lose his 52 to work andsucceed.So, try 53 your tine with other work. This is why there is a 54 that if you wantsomething done, ask a 55 person to do it.36.A. trueB. fairC. strangeD. possible解 析 : 考 查 形 容 词 。 A. true 真 实 的 ; B. fair 公 平 的 ; C. strange 奇 怪 的 ; D. possible 可 能 的 。 句 意 : 我 们 都
49、 听 说 过 时 间 比 金 钱 更 有 价 值 , 但 是 拥 有 的 时 间 太 多 可 能 会 把 事 情 做 好 吗 ?表 示“可 能 的 ”, 表 示 作 者 的 疑 问 , 故 选 D。答 案 : D37.A. rememberB. admitC. understandD. expect解 析 : 考 查 动 词 。 A. remember 记 得 ; B. admit 承 认 ; C. understand 理 解 ; D. expect 期 望 。此 处 表 示 回 忆 起 高 中 时 自 己 的 生 活 , 表 示 “回 忆 起 ”是 remember back, 故 选 A。答 案 : A 38.A. watchedB. loved.C. CoachedD. played 解 析 : 考 查 动 词 。 A. watched 观 察 ; B. loved 热 爱 ; C. coached 训 练 ; D. played 玩 。 此 处 指 自从 我 进 行 团 体 体 育 锻 炼 后 多 数 时 间 在 学 校 , 表 示 “进 行 体 育 锻 炼 ”是 play sport, 故 选 D。答 案 : D39.A. at lastB. rig