2018年河北省石家庄市第二中学高三下学期一模模拟考试试题英语及答案解析.docx

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1、2018 年 河 北 省 石 家 庄 市 第 二 中 学 高 三 下 学 期 一 模 模 拟 考 试 试 题 英 语第 卷第 一 部 分 听 力 （ 略 ）第 二 部 分 阅 读 理 解 （ 共 两 节 ， 满 分 40 分 ）第 一 节 （ 共 15 小 题 ； 每 小 题 2 分 ， 满 分 30 分 ）阅 读 下 列 短 文 ， 从 每 题 所 给 的 四 个 选 项 （ A、 B、 C 和 D)中 ， 选 出 最 佳 选 项 。AAmsterdam is a special city. There are many places you should not miss during y

2、our visit.Here is our list of the best.Amsterdam canal ringThe city old centre is formed from canal rings, which give you the feeling of space, freedomand peace. Walk through these canal streets or better take a trip by renting a boat yourself. Another way to explore the Venice of the North is to ta

3、ke a ride on a bicycle. Any way you decidefor - enjoy this city.The National Maritime MuseumThe Maritime Museum is an attractive place to visit, especially with children. With manyattractions in it, this colourful and enjoyable museum will help you understand the history of theNetherlands - a small

4、nation which was one of the worlds greatest sea powers.Amsterdam Brown CafeWhen you enter Amsterdam old cafes called Brown, at first it will seem too much from thepast and too crowded, but the atmosphere is unique. Relax and watch - most of people around willbe locals. Feel like one of them the real

5、Amsterdammers.Civic G uards G alleryThis gallery is filled with old paintings from the Dutch Golden Age. The exhibited canvasmay be not always the masterpieces of art, but these group portraits of Amsterdam citizens and their wives are an exquisite (精 致 的 ) document of the Dutch civilization and cul

6、ture centuriesago. To avoid waiting lines we advise you to buy your tickets in advance online through ourAmsterdam attractions and museums tickets webpage.1. How many ways are there for tourists to visit the city old centre?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5.解 析 ： 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 Amsterdam canal ring 中 Walk trough

7、 these canal streets or better takea trip by renting a boat yourself. Another way to explore the Venice of the North is to take a ride ora bicycle.可 知 ， 本 文 为 游 客 介 绍 了 三 种 参 观 城 市 旧 中 心 的 方 式 。 故 选 B。答 案 ： B 2. Where would you go to learn more about local life?A.Amsterdam canal ring.B. The National

8、 Maritime Museum.C.Amsterdam Brown Cafe. D. Civic Guards Gallery.解 析 ： 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 Amsterdam Brown Caf中 When you enter Amsterdam old cafes calledBrown, at first it will seem too much from the past and too crowded, but the atmosphere is unique.可 知 ， 游 客 去 Amsterdam Brown Cafe 可 以 了 解 更 多 关 于 当 地

9、的 生 活 。 故 选 C。答 案 ： C3. Where does the passage probably come from?A.Afiction.B.Atravel guide.C.Atextbook.D.Ascience magazine.解 析 ： 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 第 一 段 Amsterdam is a special city There are many places you shouldnor miss during your visit. Here is our list of the best.可 知 ， 本 文 很 可 能 来 自 一 本 旅 游 向

10、导 。 故 选 B。答 案 ： B BQuietly sitting there reading, I found myself suddenly listening to the train guardsannouncements. Train travelers will surely agree that when the guard makes an announcement,whether its the recorded message or the guards message, few people listen to it, because its oftenquite du

11、ll or hard to understand. This one was different. I noticed that other passengers appearedto be listening, too. Not only that, everyone was smiling!Why was so much attention being paid to this message? As best I can recall, the guard saidsomething along these lines, “Good Morning Ladies, Gentlemen a

12、nd Children, this is the 7:35 a.m.from Penrith to Central and youll be pleased to know that we are right on time. And what a lovelymorning it is in Sydney today. The sun is shining, birds are singing, and alls right with the world. I trust you have a great day wherever youre going. Thanks for catchi

13、ng my train this morning andI hope to see you again soon.”Quite a few people (obviously previous strangers) started talking to one another about theguards excellent message and how good it had made everyone feel. I started thinking about this,and then I found the young guard and said “Were you the g

14、uard on the 7:35 a.m. from Penrith?”The guard seemed a bit stunned at first, replying, “Yes, yyyyes” “Well, I really appreciate yourannouncement. Thank you for your extremely good message, which gave me and the otherpassengers such a good start to the day. Please keep doing it.” I said.There are two

15、 messages for me in what happened that day. Firstly, when people are happy intheir work it shows in what they do and say. Secondly, the story attaches much importance to thebenefits that accumulate from thanking people for something theyve done, particularly when itsnot expected. Can you imagine the

16、 conversation that guard would have when he got home?4. Why do few train travelers listen to the announcements? A. The messages are unattractive.B. The guards voice is not clear.C. They usually feel sleepy.D. They are absorbed in books.解 析 ： 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 一 段 中 few peoples listen to it, because

17、its often quite dull or hard to understand.可 知 ， 火 车 公 告 的 消 息 是 不 吸 引 人 的 。 故 选 A。答 案 ： A5. What does the underlined word “stunned” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Patient.B. Cautious.C. Surprised.D. Excited.解 析 ： 词 义 猜 测 题 。 根 据 第 三 段 中 The guard seemed a bit stunned at first, replying,“ Yes,yyyyes.” 通 过 年

18、 轻 守 卫 的 回 答 “ Yes, yyyyes.” 可 知 他 起 初 有 点 惊 讶 ， 因 为 人 们 一 般 对 火 车的 公 告 消 息 不 关 注 。 故 选 C。答 案 ： C 6. What might the guard talk about with his family when he got home?A. The beautiful weather.B. The recorded message.C. The train from Penrith.D. The unexpected appreciation.解 析 ： 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 第 三 段

19、中 The guard seemed a bit stunned at first, replying,“ Yes,yyyyes.” “ Well, I really appreciate your announcement. Thank you for your extremely goodmessage, which gave meand the other passengers such a good start to the day. Please keep doingit.” I said.可 知 ， 这 个 守 卫 回 到 家 里 的 时 候 会 对 家 人 谈 论 这 未 料 到

20、 的 感 谢 。 故 选 D。答 案 ： D7. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.An Intelligent Guard. B.ABoring Train Story.C.ADifferent TrainAnnouncement.D.ALovely Morning in Sydney.解 析 ： 主 旨 大 意 题 。 根 据 第 一 段 Quietly sitting there reading, I found myself suddenly listening tothe train guards

21、announcement.可 知 本 文 说 的 是 一 次 不 同 的 火 车 通 告 。 故 选 C。答 案 ： C CIts 3 oclock and youve been hard at work. As you sit at your desk, a strong desire forchocolate overcomes you. You try to busy yourself to make it go away. But it doesnt. Here isanother situation. Perhaps you are not feeling well. The onl

22、y thing you want to eat is a big bowl ofchicken soup, like your mom used to make when you were sick as a child. Food cravings are astrong desire for a specific type of food.And they are normal. Scientists at the website How Stuff Works compare hunger and cravings this way. Hunger is afairly simple c

23、onnection between the stomach and the brain. They even call it simply “stomachhunger.” When our stomachs burn up all of the food we have eaten, a hormone（ 荷 尔 蒙 ） sends amessage to one part of the brain for more food, which regulates our most basic body functionssuch as thirst, hunger and sleep. The

24、 brain then produces a chemical to start the appetite and you eat. Hunger is a function of survival.A craving is more complex. It activates（ 使 活 跃 ） brain areas related to emotion, memory andreward. These are the same areas of the brain activated during drug-craving studies. So, somescientists call

25、food cravings “mind hunger.” People often crave foods that are high in fat and sugar.Foods that are high in fat or high in sugar produce chemicals in the brain. These chemicals give usfeelings of pleasure.In a 2007 study, researchers at Cambridge University found that “dieting or restricted eatingge

26、nerally increases the possibility of food craving.” So, the more you deny yourself a food thatyou want, the more you may crave it. However, fasting is a bit different. They found that eating nofood at all for a short period of time lessened food cravings.So, the next time you crave something very sp

27、ecific, know that your brain may be more toblame than your stomach.8. What is the function of the first paragraph? A. To remind readers of their own special food.B. To deepen the understanding of hunger.C. To report the discovery of craving study.D. To lead to the topic of the whole passage.解 析 ： 目

28、的 意 图 题 。 根 据 第 一 段 最 后 一 句 Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type offood.And they are normal.可 知 ， 第 一 段 是 为 了 引 导 整 篇 文 章 的 话 题 。 故 选 D。答 案 ： D9. What do we learn about food craving?A. It shows food is linked to feelings.B. It ensures a person survives hunger.C. It means the stomach

29、 functions well.D. It proves the brain decides your appetite. 解 析 ： 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 第 三 段 最 后 一 句 Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type offood.And they are normal.可 知 ， 食 物 与 情 感 有 关 系 。 故 选 A。答 案 ： A10. Whats the likely result of dieting?A. The decrease of chemicals.B. The increase

30、of food desire.C. The refusal of fat and sugar.D. The disappearance of appetite.解 析 ： 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 倒 数 第 二 段 第 一 句 In a 2007 study, researchers at Cambridge Universityfound that“ dieting or restricted eating generally increases the possibility of food craving.可 知 ， 节食 的 结 果 会 导 致 食 物 欲 望 的 增 加 。

31、故 选 B。答 案 ： B 11. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The functions of brain areas.B. What hunger is all about.C. The findings of food craving. D. What dieting may bring us.解 析 ： 主 旨 大 意 题 。 根 据 最 后 一 段 So, the next time you crave something very specific, know thatyour brain may be more to blame

32、 than your stomach.本 文 主 要 谈 论 饮 食 冲 动 的 调 查 结 果 。 故 选C。答 案 ： C DImagine a cat that does not need someone to clean up after it keeps an older person companyand helps them remember to take their medicine. That is the shared dream of the toy makerHasbro and scientists at Brown University in Providence

33、, Rhode Island. The researchers receiveda $ 3-million-dollar award from the National Science Foundation for a special project. They wantto find ways to add artificial intelligence, orA.I., to Hasbros “Joy for All” roboticThe cat has already been for sale for two years. Though priced over 1000 dollar

34、s, it sold quite well. It was meant to act as a “companion” for older people. Now the project is aimed atdeveloping additional abilities for the cat. Researchers at Browns Humanity-Centered RoboticsInitiative are working to decide which activities older adults may need the most. They hope tomake the

35、 cat perform a small number of activities very well. Such activities include finding lostobjects and reminding the person to take medicine or visit their doctor. They also want to keep thecost down to just a few hundred dollars.It is an idea that has appealed to Jeanne Elliott. Her 93-year-old mothe

36、r Mary Derr lives withher in South Kingstown. Derr has dementia (痴 呆 ). The Joy for All cat that Elliott bought this yearhas become a true companion for Derr. The cat stays with Derr and keeps her calm while Elliott isat work. Elliott said a robotic cat that helps her mother to remember to take her

37、medicine and becareful when she walks would be greater.The researchers are trying to learn how the improved cats will complete helpful activities andhow they will communicate. They say that they do not want a talking cat, however. Instead they are trying to design a cat that can move its head in a s

38、pecial way to successfully communicate itsmessage. In the end, they hope to create an exchange between the human and the cat in which thehuman feels the cat needs them. By doing so, the researchers hope they can even help preventfeelings of loneliness and sadness among elderly people.12. Whats the p

39、urpose of the project?A. To relieve the pain of the elderly.B. To promote the sales of a medicine.C. To invent a robotic cat for the elderly.D. To help make the robotic cat smarter.解 析 ： 目 的 意 图 题 。 根 据 第 一 段 第 一 句 Imagine a cat that does not need someone to clean up afterit keeps an older person co

40、mpany and help them remember to take their medicine.项 目 的 目 地 是帮 助 机 器 猫 更 聪 明 。 故 选 D。答 案 ： D 13. Compared with the old model, the new robotic cat will be_.A. smallerB. cheaperC. more talkative D. more expensive解 析 ： 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 第 二 段 最 后 一 句 They also want to keep the cost down to just a fewhu

41、ndred dollars.可 知 ， 与 旧 模 型 相 比 新 的 机 器 猫 更 便 宜 。 故 选 B。答 案 ： B14. What does Paragraph 3 intend to tell us?A. The cat gives much help to the elderly.B. The more functions of the cat, the better.C. There is no cure for dementia at present.D. Mary Derr would have died without the cat.解 析 ： 段 落 大 意 题 。

42、 根 据 第 三 段 最 后 一 句 Elliott said a robotic cat that helps her mother toremember to take her medicine and be careful when she walks would be greater.可 知 ， 机 器 猫 会给 老 年 人 更 多 的 帮 助 。 故 选 A。 答 案 ： A15. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Atalking cat is quite popular among the elderly.B. Feeling

43、s of sadness among the elderly are unavoidable.C. Each family can afford such a cat in the future.D. The feeling of being needed is vital to the elderly.解 析 ： 推 理 判 断 题 。 根 据 最 后 一 段 最 后 两 句 In the end, they hope to create an exchange betweenthe human and the cat in which the human feels the cat nee

44、ds them. By doing so, the researchershope they can even help prevent feelings of loneliness and sadness among elderly people.可 知 ， 被需 要 的 感 觉 是 至 关 重 要 的 。 故 选 D。答 案 ： D 第 二 节 （ 共 5 小 题 ； 每 小 题 2 分 ， 满 分 10 分 ）根 据 短 文 内 容 ， 从 短 文 后 的 选 项 中 选 出 能 填 入 空 白 处 的 最 佳 选 项 ， 选 项 中 有 两 项 为 多 余 选 项 。We all ha

45、ve to make decisions all the time, and we have an abundance of choices, rangingfrom tiny issues to vital ones. Unfortunately, people often find it hard to make decisions. 16If you would like to improve your skill of decision making, here are four suggestions for you.Dont expect to have it all.17 You

46、 cant order every delicious dish on the menu. And there will be paths nottaken, careers not chosen, to name a few. You can imagine some “what if situations if you must,but do not let them take up too much space in your brain.18Its often good to think through your decisions. But dont overdo it. Resea

47、rch can reach apoint where returns begin to reduce, which makes it confusing more than clarifying. Many gooddecisions can be made based as much on intuition（ 直 觉 ） as on careful assessment of endless data. Dont delay making decisions.Yes, there is a time to put off making a decision. Perhaps you nee

48、d more information. 19Or its likely that you wait for a less stressful time. Just dont wait so long that the decision ismade by your own indecisiveness.Dont be hard on yourself. You decide to go on a voyage. You choose an expensive liner. Everything should work outjust right. Only you didnt expect a

49、 bug that ran around on the ship, making you and your familysick for five days. 20 But please remember it is unavoidable sometimes.A. Dont spend too much time thinking.B. It is an important source of information.C. Dont count on emotion to make decisions.D. Maybe you wish to consult with your advisor.E. You may regret making such a stupid decision.F. That means the skill of good decision-making counts a lot.G. Decisions force us to close the door on other possibilities16.解 析 ： 根 据 上 句 ： 很 遗 憾 ， 人 们 发 现 作 出 决 定 很 难 。 可 知 ， 这 意 味 着 好 决 策 很 重 要 。 故 选 F。答 案 ： F 17.解 析 ： 根 据 本 段 小 标 题 ：