2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）英语及答案解析.docx

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1、2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）英语本试卷满分135分。考试用时120分钟。语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分）完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从115各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the humanbody is 1 to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably

2、 the longestthat anyone could hope to live if he or she is 2 healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce3 . They wear out, and as a result, we get old and 4 die.Even though we cant live forever, we are living a 5 li

3、fe than ever before. In 1900,the averageAmerican life span(寿命) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the 6 line betweenmiddle age and old age. After all, many older people dont begin to experience physical andmental 7 until after a

4、ge 75.People are living longer because more people 8 childhood. Before modernmedicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood 9 . Nowthat the chances of dying 10 are much lower, the chances of living long are muchhigher due to better diets and health care.On the whole, our

5、 population is getting older. The 11 in our population will havelasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see 12 , not disaster, many men and women in their“golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in 13 i

6、f not in age.As the society grows old, we need the 14 of our older citizens. With long livesahead of them, they need to 15 active and devoted.1.A. designedB. selectedC. improvedD. discovered解析：考查动词及语境的理解。句意：大多数研究年龄的科学家们认为人体被设计的不会活过120岁。designed设计；selected选择，挑选；improved提高，改善；discovered发现。根据句意可知，科学家们认

7、为人体的结构设计决定了人类最多不会超过120岁，故选A。 答案：A2.A. completelyB. generallyC. apparently D. extremely解析：考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而110岁可能是人们希望能活的最长的寿命如果他非常的健康和幸运。completely完全地；generally一般地；apparently显然地；extremely极其，非常。根据句意可知，如果一个人非常的健康和幸运，人们希望能活到110岁。故选D。答案：D3.A. rapidlyB. harmlesslyC. endlesslyD. separately 解析：考查副词及语境的理解。句意

8、：然而我们的细胞不会无止境的再生。rapidly快速地；harmlessly无害地；endlessly无止境地；separately分离地，分开地。根据句意可知，因为人体的细胞不会无止境地再生，因此人的寿命是有限的。因此选C。答案：C4.A. eventuallyB. hopelesslyC. automaticallyD. desperately解析：考查副词及语境的理解。句意：它们（细胞）慢慢消耗尽，结果我们就会变老最终死亡。eventually最终；hopelessly没有希望地；automatically自动地；desperately绝望地， 自暴自弃地。根据句意可知选A。答案：A5.

9、A. busierB. longerC. richerD. happier解析：考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：尽管我们不能永久地活着，我们的寿命比以前更长了。busier更忙的；longer更长的；richer更富有的；happier更开心的。根据这一段的内容可知，现在人的寿命比以前更长了。故选B。 答案：B6.A. finishingB. guidingC. waiting D. dividing解析：考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：作为中年和老年的分界线，65岁可能已经过时了。finishing完成；guiding指导，指引；waiting等待；dividing划分。根据文意可知，把65岁当

10、做中年和老年的分界线，这已经不适合现在的形势了。dividing line分界线，故选D。答案：D7.A. stressB. damageC. declineD. failure解析：考查名词及语境的理解。句意：毕竟，很多老年人直到75岁之后才开始经历身体和精神的衰落。stress压力，压迫；damage损坏；decline衰落，衰弱；failure失败。根据句意可知，现在很多老年人是在75岁之后身体和精神才开始衰弱的，故选C。 答案：C8.A. surviveB. enjoyC. rememberD. value解析：考查动词及语境的理解。句意：现在人们活得更长因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。

11、survive幸存；enjoy喜欢，欣赏；remember记得；value价值，估价。根据这一段的内容和the chances of living long are much higher due to a better diets and health care可知，现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来，故选A。答案：A9.A. problems B. fearsC. worriesD. diseases解析：考查名词及语境的理解。句意：在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前，很多孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。problems问题；fears恐惧，害怕；worries担心；d

12、iseases疾病。根据句意可知，以前的人们因为很多普遍的儿童疾病而死，所以导致平均寿命比较低。故选D。答案：D10.A. poorB. youngC. sickD. quiet解析：考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更长的机 会就更高了，因为有了更好的饮食和医学护理。poor穷的；young年轻的；sick病的；quiet安静的。根据这一段的意思可知，以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了，dying young就是年少死去。故选B。答案：B11. A. changesB. recoveryC. safetyD. increases解析：考查名词及语境的理解。句意

13、：人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。changes改变；recovery恢复；safety安全；increases增长，增加。根据下文中Some people fear such changes will可知，我们现在的人口结构改变了，故选A。答案：A12.A. dreamsB. chancesC. strengthsD. choices 解析：考查名词及语境的理解。句意：一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处，然而还有一些人看到的是机会，而不是灾难。dreams梦想；chances机会；strengths力量；choices选择。根据句意可知，这句话中的while表示

14、对比，即跟前一种人不一样的看法，故选B。答案：B13.A. mindB. appearanceC. voiceD. movement解析：考查名词及语境的理解。句意：现在，很多处在“黄金年龄”的男士和女士，身体都非常健康，仍然积极，心态也很年轻。mind心态；appearance外表；voice声音；movement移动。根据句意可知，这里应该是说虽然年龄老了，但是心态依然年轻，故选A。答案：A 14.A. protectionB. suggestionsC. contributionsD. permission解析：考查名词及语境的理解。句意：随着我们的社会老龄化，我们需要这些老年公民们的贡

15、献。protection保护；suggestions建议；contributions贡献；permission允许。根据文意可知，现在的社会逐渐老龄化，因此老年人也要继续给我们的社会做贡献，故选C。答案：C15.A. soundB. appearC. turn D. stay解析：考查动词及语境的理解。句意：前面还有很长的寿命，他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神。sound听起来；appear好像；出现；turn转，变成；stay保持。根据文意可知，现在人们的寿命更长了，因此老年人也要继续保持积极心态，为我们的社会做贡献。故应选D。 答案：D第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15

16、分）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16-25的相应位置上。Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned 16 farm,which looked almost abandoned. 17 (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milkevery day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns

17、nearly 18 other foodand made cheese and butter for the family with what 19 (leave). The cow was theironly means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass 20 it began to rainheavily. While making great efforts to run away, she 21 (fall) over the hill and died. Then the Johnson tried to m

18、ake a living 22 the cow. In order to support his family, Mr.Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he startedcutting down trees 23 (sell) the wood. Thinking about his childrens clothes, he startedgrowing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was alread

19、y selling herbs, vegetables andcotton in the market 24 people from the town met regularly. Now it occurred to25 that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.解析：16.句意：他拥有一个农场，这个农场看起来都快废弃了。a是不定冠词，表示泛指一个，修饰可数名词单数。根据文意可知，Johnson先生和家人住在树林里，他拥有一个农场。故填a。17.句意：幸运的是，他还有一头奶

20、牛，每天都能产奶。luckily副词，幸运的是。根据文意可知，Johnson先生的农场很破旧，都快要废弃了。但是还有奶牛每天都产奶，能让他维持 生存，所以这是一件幸运的事。这里用副词形式修饰整个句子18.句意：他去附近的镇里卖牛奶，或是用牛奶来换其他的食物。本句话中exchange的意思是交换，根据句意可知，Johnson先生用牛奶来换其他的食物。这里是用短语exchangefor，故填介词for。19.句意：他去附近的镇里卖牛奶，或是用牛奶来换其他的食物，用剩下的牛奶制作奶酪和黄油。leave离开；剩下，留下。根据文意可知，Johnson先生一家靠农场里的奶牛产奶来生活。除去卖掉的和换其他食

21、物的牛奶，剩下的他就用来制作奶酪和黄油。这里what was left是一个宾语从句，根据句意可知用被动语态。20.句意：一天，奶牛正在吃草，这时突然开始下起大雨。when是并列连词，意思是正在这时。这句话使用的句型是be doing sth. when，正在做某事这时。21.句意：在慌忙逃跑的时候，奶牛摔下了山死了。fall摔倒，掉下来，根据文意可知，这篇短文使用的是一般过去时态，故这里填过去式fell。22.句意：牛奶死了，Johnson先生不得不继续生活。with和一起。根据文意可知，牛奶在 慌忙躲雨的时候，不小心摔死了，因此Johnson先生就不得不没有了奶牛来生活。故填without

22、。23.句意：因为这些药草和蔬菜需要花费时间来生长，Johnson先生就开始砍树来卖木头。sell卖，销售。根据文意可知，Johnson先生一边种植药草和蔬菜，一边砍树去卖掉木柴。这里用动词不定式形式在句中作目的状语。24.句意：丰收的时候，他已经在人们定期赶集的市场上去卖药草、蔬菜和棉花了。where在这里引导的是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the market。 25.句意：现在看来好像他的农场是非常有潜能的，奶牛的死也似乎给他带来了好运气。Itoccurred to sb. that某人突然发现，这是一个固定的句型，因为这篇短文讲述的是Johnson先生，故填him。答案：16. a17.

23、luckily18. for19. was left20. when21. fell22. without 23. to sell24. where25. himII阅读（共两节，25题，满分50分）阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项。A Peter loved to shop used articles. Almost a month ago, he bought popular word game thatused little pieces of wood with different letters on them.

24、 As he was purchasing it, the salesgirl said,“Uh, look, the game box hasnt even been opened yet. That might be worth some money. ”Peter examined the box, and, sure enough, it was completely covered in factory-sealed plastic.And he saw a date of 1973 on the back of the box.“You should put that up for

25、 auction(拍卖) on the Internet, and see what happens.”thesalesgirl said.“Yes, youre right. People like something rare.” Peter agreed, “I cant imagine there beingvery many unopened boxes of this game still around 40 years later.”“Dont forget to tell me if you sell it.” the salesgirl smiled.“No problem.

26、” Peter said.After he got home, Peter went online to several auction websites looking for his game. But hecouldnt find it. Then he typed in the name of the word game and hit Search. The search result was 543 websites containing information about the changes of the game. Over the years, the game hadb

27、een produced using letters in different sizes and game boards in different colors. He also foundsome lists of game fans looking for various versions of the game. Peter emailed some of them,telling them what he had.Two weeks later, Peter went back to the shop.“Hello. Do you still remember the unopene

28、d word game?” The salesgirl looked at him for a second, then recognized him and said, “Oh, hi!”“Ive got something for you,” Peter said. “I sold the game and made $1,000. Thank you foryour suggestion.” He handed her three $ 100 bills.“Wow!” the salesgirl cried out. “Thank you, I never expected it.”26

29、. Which of the following best describes Peters word game?A. It was made around 40 years ago.B. It had game boards in different sizes.C. It was kept in a plastic bag with a seal.D. It had little pieces of wood in different colors.解析：细节理解题。根据“I can I cant imagine there being very many unopened boxes o

30、f thisgame still around 40 years later.”可知这个游戏盒子大约在40年前制造的。故选A。 答案：A27. What did the salesgirl probably think of Peters word game?A. Old and handy.B. Rare and valuable.C. Classic and attractive.D. Colorful and interesting解析：推理判断题。根据“the salesgirl said, “Uh, look, the game box havent even been opened

31、yet. That might be worth some money. ”可知这个女销售认为这个游戏盒子没有打开过，可能值钱，有价值。故选B。答案：B 28. Peter got the names of the game fans from _.A. an auctionB. the InternetC. a game shopD. the second-hand shop解析：推理判断题。根据“The search result was 543 websites containing information about thechanges of the game. Over the y

32、ears, the game had been produced using letters in different sizesand game boards in different colors. He also found some lists of game fans looking for variousversions of the game.”可知Peter是从网上得知这个游戏爱好者的名字。故选B。答案：B29. What happened at the end of the story? A. Peter gave the girl $300 as a reward.B. T

33、he salesgirl became Peters friend.C. Peter returned the word game for $ 1,000.D. The salesgirl felt confused to see Peter again.解析：细节理解题。根据“Peter said. “I sold the game and made $1,000. Thank you for yoursuggestion.” He handed her three $ 100 bills.”可知Bill感谢这位女销售员的建议，给了她300 美元作为回报。故选A。答案：A30. What i

34、s the main theme of the story?A. Its important to keep a promise.B. Its great to share in other peoples happiness.C. We should be grateful for the help from others.D. Something rare is worth a large amount of money.解析：推理判断题。全文围绕着Peter听了女销售员的建议，买了这个游戏盒，赚了钱，为了表示感谢，他给了这个女销售员300美元作为回报。故推断这个故事的主题是我们应该感谢别

35、人的帮助。故选C。 答案：C BWhen I was nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasntvery fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldnt catch anything. I usually gotpretty upset and kept asking him why. He always answered, “Son, if you want to catch a fish, you

36、have to think like a fish”, I remember being even more upset then because, “Im not a fish!” Ididnt know how to think like a fish. Besides, I reasoned, how could what I think influence what afish does?As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant. So, I read some bookson fish

37、. And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings. Ilearned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer. Besides, wateris usually warmer

38、 in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish dont have any eyelids(眼皮) andthe sun huts their eyesThe more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding andcatching them.When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say, “Weall need to think like sale

39、s people.” But it didnt completely make sense. My dad never once said,“If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was, “You need tothink like a fish.” Years later, with great efforts to promote long-term services to people mucholder and richer than me, I gradually

40、learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It isnot an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters.31. Why was the author upset in fishing trips when he was nine?A. He could not catch a fish.B. His father was not patient with him. C. His father did not teach him fishing.D.

41、 He could not influence a fish as his father did.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“But the only thing that wasnt very fun about it was that hecould catch many fish while I couldnt catch anything. I usually got pretty upset and kept askinghim why.”可知作者感到难过，是因为他捉不到一条鱼。故选A。 答案：A32. What did the authors father really mea

42、n?A. To read about fish.B. To learn fishing by oneself.C. To understand what fish think.D. To study fishing in many ways.解析：推理判断题。根据“The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding andcatching them.”“我越了解鱼，我越能有效地找到鱼”可知此处父亲的意思是要我了解钓鱼的方法。故选D。答案：D 33.According to the author, fish are

43、 most likely to be found _.A. in deep water on sunny daysB. in deep water on cloudy daysC. in shallow water under sunlightD. in shallow water under waterside trees.解析：推理判断题。根据“That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water”可知鱼喜欢在浅水里，不喜欢在深水里，故排除A、B两项。根据water is usually warmer in direct sunlightt

44、han in the shade. Yet, fish dont have any eyelids(眼皮) and the sun hurts their eyes.可知鱼喜欢呆在阴凉处，不喜欢呆在阳光直射的地方，故排除C项。D项水边树下的浅水处，是鱼喜欢呆的地方，故此处更有可能发现鱼。故选D。答案：D 34.After entering the business world, the author found _.A. it easy to think like a customerB. his fathers fishing advice inspiringC. his first bos

45、ss sales ideas reasonableD. it difficult to sell services to poor people解析：推理判断题。根据“I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers.”“我逐渐了解我们需要像消费者一样去思考”这与父亲的“You need to think like a fish”相似，因此这是父亲的话给他的启发。故选B。答案：B35. This passage most likely comes from _.A. a fishing guide B. a

46、 popular sales bookC. a novel on childhoodD. a millionaires biography解析：推理判断题。根据“It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters.”“这不是一份轻松的工作，我将在下面几章里向你们展示如何去做”，故推断这是在教授大家如何去销售的书。故选B。 答案：B CDaniel Anderson, a famous psychologist, believes its important to distinguish televisions

47、influences on children from those of the family. We tend to blame TV, he says, for problems itdoesnt really cause, overlooking our own roles in shaping childrens minds.One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a childs ability to think and tounderstand the world. While watching TV,

48、children do not merely absorb words and images (影像). Instead, they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see. Actually, childrenlearn early the psychology of characters in TV shows. Furthermore, as many teachers agree,children understand far more when parents watch TV with them, exp

49、laining new words and ideas.Yet, most parents use an educational program as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment. Butaccording to Anderson, the amount of time spent watching television is not related to readingability. TV doesnt take the place of reading for most children; it takes the place of similar sorts ofrecreation, such as listening to the radio and playing sports. Things like parents educationalbackground have a stronge