专业英语四级分类模拟326及答案解析.doc

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1、专业英语四级分类模拟326及答案解析 (总分：60.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：3，分数：60.00)Aexploited Bimpact Cvirtual Dentitles ESpontaneously Fable Gaccessible Hobserved Iperceptive Jappliances Kdeserves Lgravitational Minfluence Ncapable OSimultaneously It has been necessary to refer to the effects of the two world wars in p

2、romoting all kinds of innovation. It should be 1 also that technological innovations have transformed the character of war itself by the introduction of new mechanical and chemical devices. One weapon developed during World War 2 a special mention. The principle of rocket propulsions was well known

3、earlier, and its possibilities as a means of achieving speeds sufficient to escape from the Earths 3 pull had been pointed out by the Russian and the American scientists. The latter built experimental liquid-fuelled rockets in 1926. 4 , a group of German and Romanian pioneers was working along the s

4、ame line, and in the 1930s, it was this team who developed a rocket 5 of delivering a warhead hundreds of miles away. Reaching a height of over 100 miles, the V-2 rocket marked the beginning of the space age, and members of its design team were instrumental in both the Soviet and United States space

5、 programs after the war. Technology had a tremendous social 6 in the period 1900-1945. The automobile and electric power, for instance, radically changed both the scale and the quality of 20th-century life, promoting a process of rapid urbanization and a(n) 7 revolution in living through mass produc

6、tion of household goods and 8 . The rapid development of the airplane, the cinema, and radio made the world seem suddenly smaller and more 9 . The development of many products of the chemical industry further transformed the life of most people. In the years following 1945, the constructive and crea

7、tive opportunities of modem technology could be 10 , although the process has not been without its problems.（分数：25.00）A. severe B. generally C. treatment D. mistaken E. challenges F. disapprove G. matter H. rigorous I. magic J. suspected K. publically L. factors M. faulty N. based O. questioned Scie

8、ntists have finally figured out how the key gene tied to obesity makes people fat, a major discovery that could open the door to an entirely new approach to the problem beyond diet and exercise. Since 2007, researchers have known that a gene called FTO was related to obesity, but they didnt know how

9、, and could not tie it to appetite or other known 11 . Now experiments reveal that a 12 version of the gene causes energy from food to be stored as fat. Genetic tinkering in mice and on human cells in the lab suggests this can be reversed, giving hope that a drug or other 13 might be developed to do

10、 the same in people. The discovery 14 the notion that when people get obese it was basically their own choice because they choose to eat too much or not exercise, said study leader Melina Claussnitzer, a genetics specialist. For the first time, genetics has revealed a mechanism in obesity that was n

11、ot really 15 before and gives a third explanation or factor thats involved. Several obesity drugs are already on the market, but they are 16 used for short-term weight loss and are aimed at the brain and appetite; they dont directly target metabolism. Researchers cant guess how long it might take be

12、fore a drug 17 on the new findings becomes available. But its unlikely it would be a 18 pill that would enable people to eat anything they want without packing on the pounds. And targeting this fat pathway could affect other things, so a treatment would need 19 testing to prove safe and effective. T

13、he gene glitch doesnt explain all obesity. It was found in 44 percent of Europeans but only 5 percent of blacks, so other genes clearly are at work, and food and exercise still 20 .（分数：10.00）Aprincipal Blubricating Cyield DCrude Esubstitute Fcollecting Gsurplus Himpractical Ismelting Jgathering Kpro

14、duce Lrivaled Mcompeted Npetroleum OCoarse An important new industry, oil refining, grew after the Civil War. 21 oil, or petroleum, a dark, thick ooze from the earth had been known for hundreds of years, but little use had ever been made of it. In the l850s, Samuel M. Kier, a manufacturer in western

15、 Pennsylvania, began 22 the oil and refining it into kerosene. Refining, like 23 , is a process of removing impurities from a raw material. Kerosene was used to light lamps. It was a cheap 24 for whale oil, which was becoming harder to get. Soon there was a large demand for kerosene. People began to

16、 search for new supplies of 25 . The first oil well was drilled by E. L. Drake, a retired railroad conductor. In 1859 he began drilling in Titusville, Pennsylvania. The whole venture of drilling seemed so 26 and foolish that onlookers called it Drakes Folly. But when he had drilled down about 70 fee

17、t (21 meters), Drake struck oil. His well began to 27 20 barrels of crude oil a day. News of Drakes success brought oil prospectors to the scene. By the early 1860s these wildcatters were drilling for black gold all over western Pennsylvania. The boom 28 the California gold rush of 1848 in its excit

18、ement and Wild West atmosphere. And it brought far more wealth to the prospectors than any gold rush. Petroleum could be refined into many products. For some years kerosene continued to be the 29 one. It was sold in grocery stores and door-to-door. In the 1880s and 1890s refiners learned how to make

19、 other petroleum products such as waxes and 30 oil. Petroleum was not then used to make gasoline or heating oil.（分数：25.00）专业英语四级分类模拟326答案解析 (总分：60.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：3，分数：60.00)Aexploited Bimpact Cvirtual Dentitles ESpontaneously Fable Gaccessible Hobserved Iperceptive Jappliances Kdeserves Lg

20、ravitational Minfluence Ncapable OSimultaneously It has been necessary to refer to the effects of the two world wars in promoting all kinds of innovation. It should be 1 also that technological innovations have transformed the character of war itself by the introduction of new mechanical and chemica

21、l devices. One weapon developed during World War 2 a special mention. The principle of rocket propulsions was well known earlier, and its possibilities as a means of achieving speeds sufficient to escape from the Earths 3 pull had been pointed out by the Russian and the American scientists. The latt

22、er built experimental liquid-fuelled rockets in 1926. 4 , a group of German and Romanian pioneers was working along the same line, and in the 1930s, it was this team who developed a rocket 5 of delivering a warhead hundreds of miles away. Reaching a height of over 100 miles, the V-2 rocket marked th

23、e beginning of the space age, and members of its design team were instrumental in both the Soviet and United States space programs after the war. Technology had a tremendous social 6 in the period 1900-1945. The automobile and electric power, for instance, radically changed both the scale and the qu

24、ality of 20th-century life, promoting a process of rapid urbanization and a(n) 7 revolution in living through mass production of household goods and 8 . The rapid development of the airplane, the cinema, and radio made the world seem suddenly smaller and more 9 . The development of many products of

25、the chemical industry further transformed the life of most people. In the years following 1945, the constructive and creative opportunities of modem technology could be 10 , although the process has not been without its problems.（分数：25.00）解析：H 考点 考查动词。 本文首句意为“有必要提及两次世界大战对于促进各种创新的影响。”第二句开头部分则说“还应当 -|

26、_|-的是”，根据句意和句子结构推断此处需要填入表示“注意”之意的过去分词，故选H项，observed意为“注意，观察”；A项exploited意为“利用；开发”，可排除。解析：K 考点 考查动词。 通过分析句子结构可知，空格处应该填一个第三人称单数形式的动词作谓语。符合条件的选项有D项entitles“给权利/资格”和K项deserves“值得”。根据句意“一种在二战期间被研发出来的武器 -|_|-特别提及”可知，此处说的是“值得”特别提及，故选K项。解析：L 考点 考查形容词。 此处意为“火箭推进器的原理早已为人所知，它通过达到足够快的速度以脱离地球 -|_|-的拉力作用”，根据常识可知，

27、火箭要想飞上太空，必须摆脱地球的万有引力。故选L项，gravitational意为“重力的，万有引力的”。解析：O 考点 考查副词。 空格后是逗号，可知此处应填一个副词，且首字母大写。前一句中说，美国科学家在1926年研制出了使用液体燃料的试验性火箭。本句则是说，一个由德国和罗马尼亚的先驱者们组成的团队也在进行同一课题的研究，在20世纪30年代研究有了成果。根据上下文可知，两次研究在时间上很接近，O项Simultaneously意为“同时地”，符合句意；E项Spontaneously意为“自然地，本能地”，不合句意，故排除。解析：N 考点 考查形容词。 根据句子结构判断空格处应填形容词，且与空

28、格后的介词of构成搭配，与其后的部分共同作rocket的后置定语。capable of意为“有能力的”，符合文意，表示“能够将弹头投掷到几百英里之外”，故选N项capable；F项able常出现在be able to do sth.的结构中，意为“有能力做某事”，用在此处不适合，故排除。解析：B 考点 考查名词。 该句意为“技术在1900-1945年期间有着巨大的社会 -|_|-。”由此可知应填入一个具有“影响”含义的名词。M项influence意为“影响”，B项impact意为“冲击，影响”。influence与impact的含义大致相同，但impact强调影响的程度之深，更符合原文中tre

29、mendous和social限定的语境，因此本题选B。解析：C 考点 考查形容词。 该句意为“例如，汽车和电力从根本上改变了20世纪生活的规模和质量，并且促进了快速城市化的进程和一场 -|_|-革命”，因此本空应填一个修饰revolution的形容词。对比各形容词选项可知，C项virtual意为“实质上的，事实上的”，最符合文意，故为答案。解析：J 考点 考查名词。 空格前为并列连词and，因此空格处所选单词应与goods(商品)构成并列关系，共同被household(家用的)修饰，备选名词选项中，只有J项appliances能与其搭配，构成固定表达household appliances，意

30、为“家用电器”，故确定J为答案。后半句意为“一场通过家用商品和电器的大规模生产来实现的实质性的生活方式革命。”解析：G 考点 考查形容词。 该句意为“飞机、电影和无线电的快速发展使得这个世界好像突然变得更小、更 -|_|-。”G项accessible意为“可接近的，可使用的”，I项perceptive意为“有洞察力的”，显然accessible符合文意，因此正确答案为G。解析：A 考点 考查动词。 该句意为“在1945年之后，尽管现代技术并非完美无缺，不过它提供的建设性和创造性的机会可以被 -|_|-。”分析句子结构，此处为动宾结构，选项中可与opportunities构成动宾搭配的只有A项e

31、xploited，意为“利用，开发”，exploit opportunities意为“利用机会”，因此正确答案为A。A. severe B. generally C. treatment D. mistaken E. challenges F. disapprove G. matter H. rigorous I. magic J. suspected K. publically L. factors M. faulty N. based O. questioned Scientists have finally figured out how the key gene tied to obe

32、sity makes people fat, a major discovery that could open the door to an entirely new approach to the problem beyond diet and exercise. Since 2007, researchers have known that a gene called FTO was related to obesity, but they didnt know how, and could not tie it to appetite or other known 11 . Now e

33、xperiments reveal that a 12 version of the gene causes energy from food to be stored as fat. Genetic tinkering in mice and on human cells in the lab suggests this can be reversed, giving hope that a drug or other 13 might be developed to do the same in people. The discovery 14 the notion that when p

34、eople get obese it was basically their own choice because they choose to eat too much or not exercise, said study leader Melina Claussnitzer, a genetics specialist. For the first time, genetics has revealed a mechanism in obesity that was not really 15 before and gives a third explanation or factor

35、thats involved. Several obesity drugs are already on the market, but they are 16 used for short-term weight loss and are aimed at the brain and appetite; they dont directly target metabolism. Researchers cant guess how long it might take before a drug 17 on the new findings becomes available. But it

36、s unlikely it would be a 18 pill that would enable people to eat anything they want without packing on the pounds. And targeting this fat pathway could affect other things, so a treatment would need 19 testing to prove safe and effective. The gene glitch doesnt explain all obesity. It was found in 4

37、4 percent of Europeans but only 5 percent of blacks, so other genes clearly are at work, and food and exercise still 20 .（分数：10.00）解析：L解析 从词性判断，该空格需要填入名词。依据上下文，即第一段对肥胖基因研究发现的论述，选择factors，表示“因素”。解析：M解析 从词性判断，该空格需要填入形容词。选择faulty有两个依据：1.上文第一段对肥胖基因研究发现的论述，以及下文提及的genetic tinkering和this can be reversed，还有

38、最后一段提及的gene glitch。从genetic tinkering(基因修复)、can be reversed(可以被逆转)和gene glitch(基因问题)推断，肥胖基因是出了问题的基因。2.与mistaken用法的辨析。mistaken仅仅用于表示观点、判断等是错误的，例如：Marijuana has few withdrawal effects, and this has given rise to the mistaken belief that it is not addictive. 而faulty既可表示判断、论证等是错误的，又可表示机器、机制等出了故障和差错，例如：T

39、he report said the fire was started by faulty electrical wiring.解析：C解析 从词性判断，该空格需要填入名词。依据上下文，尤其是与其相并列的名词drug，选择treatment，表示“治疗”。解析：E解析 从词性判断，该空格需要填入动词(第三人称单数形式)。依据上文，即第一段对肥胖基因研究新发现的论述，以及下文gives a third explanation or factor thats involved，可以推断这个发现是对现有理论(肥胖由过度进食和缺乏运动引发)的质疑，故选择challenges。解析：J解析 从词性判断，

40、该空格需要填入动词ed形式。选择suspected有两个依据：1.下文提及的gives a third explanation or factor thats involved表示这个对肥胖症的解释是以前未曾想到的。2.与questioned用法的辨析。suspect表示“认为可能(think that something is probably true, especially something bad)”，如：I suspected that there was something wrong with the engine. 而question则表示“认为不可能(have or exp

41、ress doubts about whether something is true, good, necessary, etc.)”，例如：Are you questioning what Im saying?解析：B解析 从词性判断，该空格需要填入动词修饰语，很可能是副词。选项包括generally和publically。publically在此处不适用，因为它和already on the market意义重叠。所以选择generally。解析：N解析 选择依据上下文，尤其是依据介词on。解析：I解析 从词性判断，该空格需要填入形容词。选择依据上下文，尤其是that would ena

42、ble people to eat anything they want without packing on the pounds，该从句是对magic pill(仙丹)的诠释。解析：H解析 从词性判断，该空格需要填入形容词。选择rigorous首先依据下文to prove safe and effective，即“证明安全性和有效性”的测试。选择rigorous还基于与severe用法的辨析。 rigorous表示要求或过程“careful，thorough，and exact(严格的、严谨的)”，例如：The car is put through rigorous road perfor

43、mance tests. 而severe则表示危机或破坏等“严重的(very bad or very serious)”，例如：The US faces severe economic problems.解析：G解析 从词性判断，该空格需要填入动词。依据上文The gene glitch doesnt explain all obesity. 选择matter，表示肥胖基因只是能够解释肥胖症的部分原因，食物和运动仍然很重要。Aprincipal Blubricating Cyield DCrude Esubstitute Fcollecting Gsurplus Himpractical Is

44、melting Jgathering Kproduce Lrivaled Mcompeted Npetroleum OCoarse An important new industry, oil refining, grew after the Civil War. 21 oil, or petroleum, a dark, thick ooze from the earth had been known for hundreds of years, but little use had ever been made of it. In the l850s, Samuel M. Kier, a

45、manufacturer in western Pennsylvania, began 22 the oil and refining it into kerosene. Refining, like 23 , is a process of removing impurities from a raw material. Kerosene was used to light lamps. It was a cheap 24 for whale oil, which was becoming harder to get. Soon there was a large demand for ke

46、rosene. People began to search for new supplies of 25 . The first oil well was drilled by E. L. Drake, a retired railroad conductor. In 1859 he began drilling in Titusville, Pennsylvania. The whole venture of drilling seemed so 26 and foolish that onlookers called it Drakes Folly. But when he had dr

47、illed down about 70 feet (21 meters), Drake struck oil. His well began to 27 20 barrels of crude oil a day. News of Drakes success brought oil prospectors to the scene. By the early 1860s these wildcatters were drilling for black gold all over western Pennsylvania. The boom 28 the California gold ru

48、sh of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West atmosphere. And it brought far more wealth to the prospectors than any gold rush. Petroleum could be refined into many products. For some years kerosene continued to be the 29 one. It was sold in grocery stores and door-to-door. In the 1880s and 1890s refiners learned how to make other petroleum products such as waxes and 30 oil. Petroleum was not then used to make gasoline or heating oil.（分数：25.00）解析：D 考点 考查形容词。 空格处所填词位于句首，首字母需大写。根据