专业英语四级分类模拟324及答案解析.doc

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1、专业英语四级分类模拟324及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Aoriginated from Belites Cscoring Dincompatible Esuggests Freaching Ghypotheses HAlthough Ipreviously Jparadoxical Kobjects Lconsequence MEven Nunrelated Opresently The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others

2、 is one of those 1 that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is prepared to say it anyway. He is that rare bird, a scientist who works independently of any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 2 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which ar

3、oused much controversy when it was first suggested. 3 he, however, might tremble at the thought of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only 4 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has

4、 brought this about. The group in question are a particular people 5 central Europe. The process is natural selection. This group generally do well in IQ test, 6 1215 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the

5、 careers of their 7 , including several world-renowned scientists, affirm. They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, however, have previously been thought 8 . The former has been put down to social effects, such as a str

6、ong tradition of valuing education. The latter was seen as a(n) 9 of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately linked. His argument is that the unusual history of these people has subjected them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in th

7、is 10 state of affairs.（分数：25.00）Aborne out Brecognition Cresponsible Dhonor Estill Freveal Gcomments Hproved Ihostile Jshame Keven Lagreement Menlightened Ncoward Oconceal This is supposed to be an 11 age, but you wouldnt think so if you could hear what the average men think of the average women. W

8、omen won their independence years ago. After a long, bitter struggle, they now enjoy the same educational opportunities as men in most parts of the world. They have 12 repeatedly that they are equal and often superior to men in almost every field. The hard-fought battle for 13 has been won, but it i

9、s by no means over. It is men, not women who 14 carry on the sex war because their attitude remains basically 15 . Even in the most progressive societies, women continue to be regarded as second-rate citizens. To hear some men talk, youd think that women belonged to a different species. On the surfa

10、ce, the 16 made by men about womens abilities seem light-hearted. The same tired jokes about women drivers are repeated day in day out. This apparent light-heartiness does not 17 the real contempt that men feel for women. However much men sneer at women, their claims to superiority are not 18 by sta

11、tistics. We all know that women cause far fewer accidents than men. They are too conscientious and 19 to drive like menaces. But this is a minor quibble. Women have succeeded in any job you dare to name. As politicians, soldiers, doctors, bus-conductors, scientists and presidents of countries they h

12、ave often put men to 20 . And we must remember that they frequently succeed brilliantly in all these fields in addition to bearing and rearing children.（分数：25.00）Astride Bvaluable Cconsiders Dprinted Eindividual Fvisual Gthereby Hestimates Imodes Jkeyboard Kbreakthrough Lsense Mmodels Noccasion Othe

13、reof Although there are many skillful Braille readers, thousands of other blind people find it difficult to learn that system. They are 21 shut off from the world of books and newspapers, having to rely on friends to read aloud to them. A young scientist named Raymond Kurzweil has now designed a com

14、puter, which is a major 22 in providing aid to the sightless. His machine, Cyclops, has a camera that scans any page, interprets the print into sounds, and then delivers them orally in a robot-like voice through a speaker. By pressing the appropriate buttons on Cyclopss 23 , a blind person can read

15、any 24 document in the English language. This remarkable invention represents a tremendous 25 forward in the education of the handicapped. At present, Cyclops costs $50,000. However, Mr. Kurzweil and his associates are preparing a smaller but improved version that will sell for less than half that p

16、rice. Within a few years, Kurzweil 26 the price range will be low enough for every school and library to own one. Michael Hingson, Director of the National Federation for the Blind, hopes that families will be able to buy home 27 of Cyclops for the price of a good television set. Mr. Hingsons organi

17、zation purchased five machines and is now testing them in Maryland, Colorado, Iowa, California, and New York. Blind people assisting in those tests, making lots of 28 suggestions to the engineers who helped to produce Cyclops. This is the first time that blind people have ever done 29 studies before

18、 a product was put on the market, Hingson said. Most manufacturers believed that having the blind help the blind was like telling disabled people to teach other disabled people. In that 30 , the manufacturers have been the blind ones.（分数：25.00）Alengthen Btransformed Cincreasingly Dstretch Ehighly Fd

19、efense Gsubscribed Hsuburb Imunicipal Jdispersed Kapproach Lsimultaneous Msuburban Nimprovements Oacceleration If by 31 is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city in the second

20、 quarter of the nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a small 32 compact cluster in which people moved about on foot and goods were conveyed by horse and cart. But the early factories built in the 1840s were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing

21、 was needed for the thousands of people distracted by the prospect of employment. In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abutted the older, main cities. As a 33 against this encroachment and to 34 their tax bases, the cities appropriated

22、their industrial neighbors. In 1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County. Similar 35 maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York. Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieved such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders. W

23、ith the 36 of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and accompanying social stressconditions that began to 37 disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially successful electric traction line was developed. Within a few years the horse-drawn trolleys were retired and electric stre

24、etcar networks crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that 38 the compact industrial city into a 39 metropolis. This first phase of mass-scale suburbanization was reinforced by the 40 emergence of the urban Middle Class, whose desires for homeownership

25、 in neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developers of single-family housing tracts.（分数：25.00）专业英语四级分类模拟324答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、CLOZE(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Aoriginated from Belites Cscoring Dincompatible Esuggests Freaching Ghypotheses HAlthough Ipreviously Jparadoxical

26、 Kobjects Lconsequence MEven Nunrelated Opresently The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those 1 that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is prepared to say it anyway. He is that rare bird, a scientist who works independently of any institution. H

27、e helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 2 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested. 3 he, however, might tremble at the thought of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing

28、a paper which not only 4 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in question are a particular people 5 central Europe. The process is natural selection. This group generally do well in IQ test, 6 1215 points abov

29、e the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers of their 7 , including several world-renowned scientists, affirm. They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast ca

30、ncer. These facts, however, have previously been thought 8 . The former has been put down to social effects, such as a strong tradition of valuing education. The latter was seen as a(n) 9 of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately linked. His argumen

31、t is that the unusual history of these people has subjected them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 10 state of affairs.（分数：25.00）解析：G 考点 考查名词。 根据“one of those -|_|-+that从句”这个结构可判断空格处应填一个复数名词，选项中符合条件的有B项elites“精英”、G项hypotheses“假定，臆测”、K项objects“物体；目标”，根据句意“某些群体的人可能比其他人更聪明 -|_

32、|-这种想法是人们不敢说的 -|_|-之一。”只有G项hypotheses更加符合句意。解析：I 考点 考查副词。 空格处所填词修饰thought，即可推断为副词。又由副词actually可以推知本句是就现在和以前对疾病看法的对比，该句意为“他普及了这种观点，即某些以前人们认为并不是由细菌引起的疾病实际上是传染病，这一观点一经提出就引起了极大的争议”，所以本题选I项previously，意为“以前”；O项presently意为“当前”，可排除。解析：M 考点 考查副词。 该句所要表达的是：“虽然如此，但 -|_|-他本人也会对他即将要做的事感到战战兢兢。”空格在句首和句子主语的前面，综观选项，

33、只有H项Although“虽然”和M项Even“甚至”符合。even作程度副词，表示递进关系，所以选Even；而Although表示转折关系，不符合上下文语境，故可排除。解析：E 考点 考查动词。 这句话是说：格雷戈里科克伦出版的论文不但 -|_|-了一部分人比另外一部分人更聪明，而且还解释了出现这种情况的过程。由题意可推测，空格处应填一个表示类似“提出”意思的动词，E项suggests意为“建议，提出”符合句意；K项objects意为“反对”，可排除。解析：A 考点 考查动词。 空格所在句意为“这群正在被讨论的人 -|_|-欧洲中部”，根据句子结构可知该处应填入非谓语动词，答案便可锁定在A项

34、originated from“源自”、C项scoring“得分”和F项reaching“抵达”。根据上下文可知，此处应该是对people的解释说明，因此A更符合句意。解析：C 考点 考查动词。 空格前是一个完整的句子，因此空格处应填入动词的现在分词形式表伴随，且从该句中的1215 points可知，空格处的动词应与分数相关。score的意思是“得分”，其他各项都没有这层意思，因此答案为C项scoring。解析：B 考点 考查名词。 空格所在句意为“正如其中一些 -|_|-，包括一些世界著名的科学家从事的职业所证明的那样”，根据后面“世界著名的科学家”可知，该处所填词应为一个表示人的复数名词，

35、因此选B项elites，意为“精英”。解析：N 考点 考查形容词。 该句句意为“然而，这些事实之前被认为是 -|_|-的。”空格处的单词实际上是修饰facts的，所以应填形容词；前文讲述了这组人为知识和文化的进步做出了巨大的贡献，紧接着说到他们更容易患基因性疾病，显然作者认为这两种现象明显是有关联的。本句中出现however，可知上下文构成转折关系，可推测出前人认为两者之间是“没有关系的”，故选N项unrelated“无关的，不相干的”。解析：L 考点 考查名词。 根据上下文，The latter与The former对应，都是在分析出现上述两种现象的原因：前者归因于重视教育的优良传统，后者则

36、被认为是遗传隔离的结果。空格应填一个表示“结果，后果”的单数名词，因此L项consequence“结果”符合题意。解析：J 考点 考查形容词。 根据上下文推测，此处要表达的意思是：这些人不同寻常的发展历史使得他们遭受独特的进化压力，进而导致了这种矛盾的状况。J项paradoxical表示“自相矛盾的；似是而非的”，D项incompatible表示“不兼容的，不协调的”，前者强调一个事物的自相矛盾，后者强调两个事物的不相容，结合句意J项更贴切。Aborne out Brecognition Cresponsible Dhonor Estill Freveal Gcomments Hproved

37、Ihostile Jshame Keven Lagreement Menlightened Ncoward Oconceal This is supposed to be an 11 age, but you wouldnt think so if you could hear what the average men think of the average women. Women won their independence years ago. After a long, bitter struggle, they now enjoy the same educational oppo

38、rtunities as men in most parts of the world. They have 12 repeatedly that they are equal and often superior to men in almost every field. The hard-fought battle for 13 has been won, but it is by no means over. It is men, not women who 14 carry on the sex war because their attitude remains basically

39、15 . Even in the most progressive societies, women continue to be regarded as second-rate citizens. To hear some men talk, youd think that women belonged to a different species. On the surface, the 16 made by men about womens abilities seem light-hearted. The same tired jokes about women drivers are

40、 repeated day in day out. This apparent light-heartiness does not 17 the real contempt that men feel for women. However much men sneer at women, their claims to superiority are not 18 by statistics. We all know that women cause far fewer accidents than men. They are too conscientious and 19 to drive

41、 like menaces. But this is a minor quibble. Women have succeeded in any job you dare to name. As politicians, soldiers, doctors, bus-conductors, scientists and presidents of countries they have often put men to 20 . And we must remember that they frequently succeed brilliantly in all these fields in

42、 addition to bearing and rearing children.（分数：25.00）解析：M 考点 考查形容词。 这篇文章主要讲的是女性的地位。经过长期而艰难的斗争，女性已经在争取平等地位和权利方面取得了成功。由文章大意可推测，首句意为“这本是一个文明进步的年代，但是如果你听到一般的男性是如何评价一般女性的就不会这么想了。”故空格处所填单词为M项enlightened，意为“开明的，文明的”。解析：H 考点 考查动词。 该句意为“她们很多次地 -|_|-她们与男性是平等的，并且几乎在各个领域都经常比男性要优秀。”据此可知空格处需要填入一个表示“证明，证实”的动词或动词短语，

43、且由空格前的have可知，所填词应为过去分词形式。A项borne out“支持，证实”与H项proved“证明”符合条件。但此处暗指女性通过自己的行动证明她们与男性是平等的，因此H项更符合句意。解析：B 考点 考查名词。 本句意为“为了 -|_|-而进行的艰难斗争已取得了胜利，但绝没有结束。”空格前为battle for，可推测空格所填词为名词。根据上下文判断，女性应该是为了赢得社会对自身地位和作用的认可而进行斗争，所给选项中的名词只有B项符合句意，recognition意为“承认，认可”，D项honor意为“荣誉”，本文没有提到女性争夺荣誉，因此可排除。解析：E 考点 考查副词。 此处意为“

44、 -|_|-在开展性别战争的是男人而不是女人”。空格处缺少的是一个修饰动词短语carry on的副词，结合后文的their attitude remains.可知空格处应该填一个表示“依然，仍然”含义的副词。E项still意为“仍然”，K项even意为“甚至”，故答案选E。解析：I 考点 考查形容词。 本句意为“仍然在开展性别战争的是男人而不是女人，因为他们的态度基本还是保持 -|_|-。”根据上下文，可知这里指男性的态度依然是敌对的，故选I项hostile，意为“敌对的，怀敌意的”。解析：G 考点 考查名词。 本句意为“从表面上看，男性对于女性的能力所作出的 -|_|-似乎是很轻松的。”通过

45、分析句子结构可知空格处需要填入一个复数名词。备选项中的复数名词只剩下G项comments“评论”，空格所在句隐含了固定搭配make comment about.，意为“对作出评论”，故选G。解析：O 考点 考查动词。 该句意为“这种表面上的轻松没有 -|_|-男性对女性真实的轻视。”根据前文提到的“男性总是不断地嘲笑女性司机”这一事实，可知这种轻视的态度是表露无遗的。故此空格处应填具有“隐藏”含义的动词，所给选项中只有O项符合，conceal意为“隐藏”；F项reveal意为“显示，表明”，不合文意，故排除。解析：A 考点 考查动词。 根据句意“不管男性如何嘲笑女性，他们所自称的优越并没有得到

46、统计资料的 -|_|-。”可知此处应填具有“支持，证实”含义的词。A项borne out是其原形bear out“证实，支持”的过去分词形式，和be动词连用表示被动语态，故答案选A。解析：C 考点 考查形容词。 该句意为“女性很认真和 -|_|-，不会像危险人物那样开车。”and连接两个具有并列关系的词，所以空格处应填跟conscientious意思相近的形容词。C项responsible意为“负责的”，N项coward意为“胆小的”，结合句意可知responsible符合句意，故选C。解析：J 考点 考查名词。 前文提到女性在很多领域的工作都做得相当出色，因此本句意思应该是“作为政治家、士兵

47、、医生、公共汽车售票员、科学家、国家首脑，女性经常会使男性羞愧无比。”put sb. to shame为固定搭配，意为“使某人丢脸，使某人相形见绌”，因此J项shame“羞愧”符合文意。Astride Bvaluable Cconsiders Dprinted Eindividual Fvisual Gthereby Hestimates Imodes Jkeyboard Kbreakthrough Lsense Mmodels Noccasion Othereof Although there are many skillful Braille readers, thousands of o

48、ther blind people find it difficult to learn that system. They are 21 shut off from the world of books and newspapers, having to rely on friends to read aloud to them. A young scientist named Raymond Kurzweil has now designed a computer, which is a major 22 in providing aid to the sightless. His mach