专业英语四级-177及答案解析.doc

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1、专业英语四级-177及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART DICTATION(总题数：1，分数：40.00)1.Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, th

2、e passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 1 minute to check through your work once more. Light Pollution（分数：40.00）_二、PART

3、LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、SECTION A TALK(总题数：1，分数：30.00)What Causes Jet Lag and How to Avoid It1. Facts a long flight affects 1 the natural order of things becomes unbalanced the internal body clock is affected by 2 like sunlight and 3 2. Process of getting jet lag when a light is shown directly

4、, cells change their 4 5 becomes desynchronized within itself communication of neurons weakens 3. Tips to avoid jet lag change meal and sleep time make 6 while in flight sleep in nighttime and 7 in daytime 8 drink water but avoid 9 move around but avoid 10 near bedtime （分数：30.00）填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空

5、项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_填空项1:_四、SECTION B CONVERSATI(总题数：2，分数：30.00)（分数：15.00）A.How to change a job.B.How to get a promotion.C.How to get a pay raise.D.How to handle difficulties in life.A.President.B.Vice president.C.Sales manager.D.General manager.A.To state your needs.B.To threaten that

6、 you will change companies.C.To work out a target.D.To stress your value.A.A minimum 15% raise.B.A minimum 20% raise.C.A maximum 15% raise.D.A maximum 20% raise.A.To ask for a pay raise.B.To ask for a promotion.C.To make a plan to talk to her boss.D.To change a job.（分数：15.00）A.She is the daughter of

7、 a famous activist.B.She fights against the terrorists.C.She speaks out for girls education.D.She is against her government.A.He spoke out.B.He worked for womens rights.C.He was a social activist.D.He fought against the terrorists.A.Look for help from the government.B.Speak out for her rights.C.Join

8、 the army.D.Wait for international help.A.Because they are very poor.B.Because their parents dont think it important.C.Because their culture is against it.D.All the above.A.She is too busy to go to school.B.She becomes a public figure.C.She goes to market every day.D.She seldom talks to people.专业英语四

9、级-177答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、PART DICTATION(总题数：1，分数：40.00)1.Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the pass

10、age will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 1 minute to check through your work once more. Light Pollution（分数：40.00）_正确答案：()解析：听力原

11、文 This is the central district and its 11 oclock at night / but if you put on your sunglasses it wouldnt be too dark / and thats because there are lights everywhere. / Now, researchers say that light pollution is a big problem. / When you look up into the sky, not a single star is in sight. / In fac

12、t the sky is a light shade of grey / because of the amount of light in the city / and this is affecting peoples lives because these lights / are reflecting off the windows and bouncing into peoples homes. / Sometimes the lights are so bright that it makes it hard to fall asleep. 解析 本文主题：光污染。本文介绍了光污染

13、以及它的危害，是一篇科普性文章。全文采用现在时，在描写光污染如何影响人们生活时采用的是现在进行时，请注意区分。文中需要注意的较易拼错的单词有“central，pollution，grey”，需要注意时态和单复数的单词有“sunglasses，reflecting，bouncing”。二、PART LISTENING COM(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、SECTION A TALK(总题数：1，分数：30.00)What Causes Jet Lag and How to Avoid It1. Facts a long flight affects 1 the natural order o

14、f things becomes unbalanced the internal body clock is affected by 2 like sunlight and 3 2. Process of getting jet lag when a light is shown directly, cells change their 4 5 becomes desynchronized within itself communication of neurons weakens 3. Tips to avoid jet lag change meal and sleep time make

15、 6 while in flight sleep in nighttime and 7 in daytime 8 drink water but avoid 9 move around but avoid 10 near bedtime （分数：30.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：ones biological clock。）解析： ones biological clock。 听力原文 What Causes Jet Lag and Holy to Avoid ItA long flight can affect ones biological clock, sometimes for da

16、ys. Air travelers can get very tired and develop unpleasant feelings when they fly great distances across time zones. The natural order of things can become unbalanced on long, overseas trips from east to west or from west to east. So today we are going to talk about jet lag and how to overcome it.

17、The natural system tells our bodies when to sleep and helps to control many other processes. This internal body clock is affected by environmental signals, like sunlight and temperature. Sometimes we use the word desynchronized when talking about jet lag. This means to cause a process that takes pla

18、ce at times or in cycles independent of another process. In unscientific terms, you might say out of sync or out of whack. Cells change their activity when a light is shown directly on them. They actually become desynchronized amongst the groups and within the groups. So when you feel out of whack w

19、ith the environment after you experience jet lag, your nervous system actually reflects that same thing in becoming desynchronized within itself. In this state of desynchronization, communication between some neurons weakens. Using light to temporarily reset your biological clock before you travel c

20、ould help to reduce symptoms when you arrive at your final stop. So here are some suggestions on how to fight jet lag. 1. Try changing your meal and sleep times before you go Several days before you travel, start moving your bedtime and hours for meals closer to the times when you plan to eat and sl

21、eep on your trip. 2. Start making small changes while in flight Change your watch when you get on the airplane. This is playing a trick on the mind. But it can help you to start thinking of the time at the other end of the flight. Try to sleep on the plane if it is nighttime in the place where you a

22、re going. Try to stay awake if it is daytime. 3. Arrive early If you are traveling for work or for a personal reason, try to arrive a few days earlier, if possible. This will give your mind and body more time to correct to the new hours. 4. Drink water Drink lots of water before, during, and after y

23、our flight. Avoid drinking alcohol or caffeine a few hours before you plan to sleep. Alcohol and caffeine can interfere with sleep. 5. Move around During your flight, get up and walk around or stretch so often. But after you land, avoid heavy exercise near bedtime. Exercise near bedtime can delay sl

24、eep, whether on an overseas trip or at home. If you travel, what are some tips you use to make it more enjoyable?. 解析 信息题。录音一开始提出长时间飞行给人体带来的影响，“A long flight can affect ones biological clock, sometimes for days.”，即生物钟的紊乱。 填空项1:_（正确答案：environmental signals。）解析： environmental signals。解析 细节题。录音指出“This

25、internal body clock is affected by environmental signals.”。生物钟受外界环境影响。 填空项1:_（正确答案：temperature。）解析： temperature。解析 信息题。sunlight是提示信息，和sunlight同时出现的为正确答案。 填空项1:_（正确答案：activity。）解析： activity。解析 信息题。当说到产生时差反应的过程时，“Cells change their activity when a light is shown directly on them.”，即受到光线刺激，细胞会改变活动。此时录音

26、中用的是单数形式，答案为单数形式。 填空项1:_（正确答案：the nervous system。）解析： the nervous system。解析 信息题。录音中提到“.your nervous system actually reflects that same thing in becoming desynchronized within itself.”。神经系统内部会失调。 填空项1:_（正确答案：small changes。）解析： small changes。解析 信息题。这是录音提到的第二个建议。从题目可以看出这是一个大的信息点。 填空项1:_（正确答案：stay awake

27、。）解析： stay awake。解析 细节题。在第二个建议中，录音提到“Try to sleep on the plane if it is nighttime in the place where you are going. Try to stay awake if it is daytime.”。要根据目的地来调整睡眠时间。 填空项1:_（正确答案：arrive early。）解析： arrive early。解析 信息题。这是录音提到的第三个建议，是一个大的信息点。 填空项1:_（正确答案：alcohol or caffeine。）解析： alcohol or caffeine。解析

28、 细节题。在录音提到的第四个建议drink water中，“Avoid drinking alcohol or caffeine a few hours before you plan to sleep. Alcohol and caffeine can interfere with sleep.”即酒和咖啡因会影响睡眠，要避免。 填空项1:_（正确答案：heavy exercise。）解析： heavy exercise。解析 细节题。在录音提到的第五个建议move around中提到“But after you land, avoid heavy exercise near bedtime

29、. Exercise near bedtime can delay sleep, whether on an overseas trip or at home.”可知，临睡前不要做剧烈运动，会影响睡眠。near bedtime是提示信息。 四、SECTION B CONVERSATI(总题数：2，分数：30.00)（分数：15.00）A.How to change a job.B.How to get a promotion.C.How to get a pay raise.D.How to handle difficulties in life.解析：听力原文 M: Hey, Alice!

30、Great to see you! W: Long time no see! Mike, Im so glad you had time to meet for lunch! M: How have you been? W: Pretty good. The boys are doing well in school and John is enjoying his new job. And you? M: Pretty much the same. Still working hard for that promotion. I think Im going to move up to vi

31、ce president this year. W: Thats great! M: Hows your career going? Last time we spoke, you said you were trying to get a raise. W: Yeah. Thats the plan. I mean, Ive certainly put in the hours. Im definitely one of the most productive members of the company and I feel I contribute a lot. M: So? Whats

32、 the problem? Why havent you gone in there and demanded a raise? W: I just cant work up the confidence to do it. I know I need to, and I know I need it, but its tough. M: OK, we are going to figure this out together. If theres one thing Im good at, its asking for what I need. W: I dont even know whe

33、re to begin. My son is going to college and his school tuition has just gone up. We really need to get a new car and even the dog has needs we cant pay for. M: OK, stop right there. You cant base your salary request according to your needs. The company isnt a charity and if you go in and say I need,

34、 its not going to work. W: I could probably make more money if I changed companies. M: There you go.thats a powerful argument. But leave any threats till the last minute. What you need to do is stress your value. W: Yes, I can present quite a bit of hard data to demonstrate my usefulness to the comp

35、any. M: Thats great! Then you have to figure out what a fair salary is for your position and your responsibilities. How long have you worked there? W: This would be the third year. M: Three years? Then your boss should be expecting you to ask for a raise. You can check online and find out what typic

36、al salaries for your position are. W: From the research Ive done, Im pretty sure others are making about 15% more than I am. M: OK, so there is your target. A minimum 15% raise. W: Im still a little hesitant to demand higher pay.its just not my style. M: Well.as the old saying goes, Ask and you will

37、 receive. You have to give it a shot. Id recommend you ask for a 20% increase, that way theres a little room for both of you to negotiate. W: OK. Thanks for the talk, Mike. Im going to go ask for a raise on Monday! M: Good luck! What is the conversation mainly about? 解析 主旨题。问题是谈话的主要内容。“换工作、升职、加薪”在谈话

38、中都提到过，但是谈话的主要内容是“如何向老板要求加薪”，所以正确答案为C。A.President.B.Vice president.C.Sales manager.D.General manager.解析：听力原文 Which position will the man be promoted to? 解析 细节题。问题是男士将升任何职位。谈话中男士说：“I think Im going to move up to vice president this year.”，因此答案B正确。A.To state your needs.B.To threaten that you will chang

39、e companies.C.To work out a target.D.To stress your value.解析：听力原文 According to the man, how should the woman ask for a raise? 解析 观点题。问题是男士认为应该如何要求加薪。对话中男士说：“You cant base your salary request according to your needs. The company isnt a charity and if you go in and say I need, its not going to work.”因

40、此选项A错误。而且他还说：“.leave any threats till the last minute. What you need to do is stress your value.”由此可见，正确答案为D。A.A minimum 15% raise.B.A minimum 20% raise.C.A maximum 15% raise.D.A maximum 20% raise.解析：听力原文 What is the womans target? 解析 数字题。问题是女士的加薪目标。谈话中男士说：“.so there is your target. A minimum 15% ra

41、ise.”由此可见，A为正确答案。A.To ask for a pay raise.B.To ask for a promotion.C.To make a plan to talk to her boss.D.To change a job.解析：听力原文 What is the woman going to do? 解析 观点题。问题是女士打算怎么做。对话中女士说：“Thanks for the talk, Mike. Im going to ask for a raise on Monday!”，所以正确答案为A。（分数：15.00）A.She is the daughter of a

42、famous activist.B.She fights against the terrorists.C.She speaks out for girls education.D.She is against her government.解析：听力原文 M: Malala Yousafzai, thank you for joining us. Tell us what inspired you, at such a young age, to start speaking out for girls education in really such a dangerous environ

43、ment. W: First of all, my father inspired me, because hes a great father, but as well, he is a great social activist and womens rights activist. At that time, when we were suffering from terrorism, he spoke out. And he spoke for womens rights, because at that time, more than 400 schools were blasted

44、, people were killed, and markets were closed. There was a ban on women to go to market. Girls were not allowed to go to school. And in that hard situation, he inspired me, because he spoke. And thats what I learned from him. M: Did you ever think, though, that your outspokenness, and the fact that

45、you became a media star in Pakistan, would make you or your family a target? W: I think living in such a hard situation where there are terrorists and they kill people every night is still hardis still a threat. So its a better idea to speak out for your rights and then die. I prefer that one. So thats why we spoke at that time. Why are we waiting for someone else? The governments were not taking an action. The army was not taking a good action. So thats why we said that we would speak out for our rights. This is what we can do, and we try our be