专业英语四级-25及答案解析.doc

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1、专业英语四级-25及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、完型填空题(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Women have long been more in number than men on college campuses. They also hold more advanced degrees than their male 1 . So it makes sense that women would also score higher on IQ tests. But for the last 100 years, theyve lagged behind me

2、n by as much as five points 2 their scores have been rising. Finally, according to IQ expert James Flynn, women have 3 the IQ gap and are in fact scoring higher than men, reports the Telegraph . IQ, the most widely used measure of 4 and is determined based on the difference between ones IQ score and

3、 the 5 IQ score of a certain age group. Its thought to be a product of both environmental and 6 factors, and is a statistically reliable 7 of future educational achievement, job 8 and income. But the reasons for differences in IQfor example, between races or gendershave long been widely 9 . There ar

4、e many 10 reasons that women finally surpassed men in IQ after a century of falling 11 , according to Flynn, who is writing a book about IQ and gender. One 12 is that women have 13 been capable of scoring higher but, because of gender stereotypes, never realized their own 14 . Gender-based differenc

5、es in education, 15 and social roles have historically set the 16 lower for women. This 17 is more noticeable for women than for men 18 they were socially and economically 19 in the past, Flynn told the Telegraph . Now if only women could close in on that annoying 20 gap.（分数：30.00）A.partnersB.counte

6、rpartsC.classmatesD.opponentsA.whereasB.otherwiseC.althoughD.whileA.identifiedB.narrowedC.reducedD.closedA.intentionB.inspirationC.intelligenceD.incentiveA.averageB.totalC.topD.lowA.immuneB.mentalC.inheritedD.compositeA.sampleB.effectC.measureD.indicationA.performanceB.securityC.satisfactionD.stabil

7、ityA.acceptedB.recognizedC.criticizedD.debatedA.personalB.obviousC.possibleD.soundA.backB.apartC.throughD.behindA.factorB.doubtC.theoryD.challengeA.neverB.seldomC.oftenD.alwaysA.destinyB.potentialC.ambitionD.powerA.dignityB.backgroundC.habitD.breedingA.standardB.recordC.limitD.pressureA.differenceB.

8、contrastC.changeD.improvementA.thereforeB.whenC.becauseD.nonethelessA.independentB.deprivedC.prominentD.vulnerableA.wageB.ageC.achievementD.communicationOn the Internet, nobody knows youre a dog, read the title of a famous Peter Steiner cartoon, 21 nowhere is it truer than Internet dating. The exper

9、ience is by now familiar: the 22 mate who seemed just your 23 in a profile turns out to be a disappointment in person. There may be ways, however, to 24 a lying person before you find yourself 25 from him or her at a table lit by candies. Researchers from Cornell University and the University of Wis

10、consin-Madison compared the 26 heights, weights, and ages of 78 Internet dating participants to their profiles on four dating websites. They noticed several 27 from people who were less than 28 . For example, they were less likely to 29 to themselves as I; used indirect expressions, 30 not boring in

11、stead of exciting to describe themselves; and stuck to 31 descriptions. People do this because they want to 32 themselves from their misleading statements, explained Catalina Toma, an author of the study, in a statement. Using these indications, the researchers 33 identified liars about 65 percent o

12、f the time. People lied most frequently about their 34 , with women slimming down, on average, by 8.5 pounds, and men by 1.5 pounds. At least half the subjects 35 their height, and nearly 20 percent changed their age. Despite the 36 of lies, volunteers proved 37 at catching them. Fortunately, Toma a

13、nd the teams research 38 up the possibility of a software that could 39 lies for you, though Internet dating participants should be careful what they wish fornearly everyone in the study lied in some 40 way.（分数：30.00）A.becauseB.andC.thoughD.ifA.onlyB.innocentC.uniqueD.potentialA.oppositeB.ageC.typeD

14、.equalA.spotB.locateC.trustD.fightA.awayB.acrossC.offD.apartA.averageB.respectiveC.actualD.acceptableA.responsesB.questionsC.commentsD.patternsA.qualifiedB.honestC.responsibleD.confidentA.referB.confineC.contributeD.dedicateA.soB.asC.forD.likeA.preciseB.objectiveC.shortD.clearA.protectB.distanceC.sa

15、veD.rescueA.correctlyB.convenientlyC.readilyD.tentativelyA.sizeB.shapeC.weightD.salaryA.transformB.switchC.alteredD.modifyA.possibilityB.factC.frequencyD.occasionA.skilledB.quickC.impossibleD.poorA.weighsB.dreamsC.opensD.takesA.extractB.detectC.concentrateD.conceiveA.importantB.obviousC.substantialD

16、.smallHow does literary style evolve? Surprisingly, 41 lie in words with seemingly little meaning, such as to and that. By analysing 42 writers use such content-free words, Daniel Rockmore and colleagues at Dartmouth College in Hanover were able to conduct the first, large-scale style analysis of li

17、terature. Content-free words are 43 of writing style, Rockmore says. While two authors might use the 44 content words to describe a similar event, they will use content-free words to 45 their content words in a different way. Using the Project Gutenberg digital library, Rockmores team analysed 7733

18、English language works written since 1550, 46 how often and in what 47 content-free words appeared. As you might expect, they found that writers were 48 influenced by their predecessors. They also found that as the number of literature works grew, the influence of older works 49 . Authors in the 50

19、periods wrote in a very similar way to one another, the researchers found, probably because they all read the same 51 body of literature. But approaching the modern era, 52 more people were writing and more works were 53 from many eras and numerous styles, authors styles were still very similar to t

20、hose of their 54 contemporaries. Its as if they find dialects in time, says Alex Bentley. Content is what makes us 55 , but content-free words put us in different 56 . 57 writers should be most influenced by their contemporaries 58 the great works of the past is interesting, Rockmore says, because i

21、t challenges the 59 of classic literature. When it comes to style 60 , perhaps we arent so strongly influenced by the classics after all.（分数：40.00）A.proofsB.cluesC.dataD.signsA.whereB.whyC.whichD.howA.lackingB.indicativeC.freeD.representativeA.particularB.sameC.originalD.soleA.replaceB.introduceC.li

22、nkD.reflectA.trackingB.definingC.explainingD.specifyingA.formatB.orderC.contextD.amountA.weaklyB.slightlyC.barelyD.stronglyA.continuedB.shrankC.disappearedD.increasedA.latestB.presentC.earliestD.bestA.smallB.entireC.extensiveD.diverseA.becauseB.whenC.unlessD.ifA.distinctB.separateC.availableD.forthc

23、omingA.famousB.internationalC.youngD.immediateA.uniqueB.respectableC.noticeableD.successfulA.moodsB.directionsC.groupsD.situationsA.ThatB.SinceC.WhatD.AsA.except forB.rather thanC.as well asD.other thanA.appealB.qualityC.essenceD.reachA.at leastB.at largeC.at bestD.at random专业英语四级-25答案解析 (总分：100.00，

24、做题时间：90分钟)一、完型填空题(总题数：3，分数：100.00)Women have long been more in number than men on college campuses. They also hold more advanced degrees than their male 1 . So it makes sense that women would also score higher on IQ tests. But for the last 100 years, theyve lagged behind men by as much as five point

25、s 2 their scores have been rising. Finally, according to IQ expert James Flynn, women have 3 the IQ gap and are in fact scoring higher than men, reports the Telegraph . IQ, the most widely used measure of 4 and is determined based on the difference between ones IQ score and the 5 IQ score of a certa

26、in age group. Its thought to be a product of both environmental and 6 factors, and is a statistically reliable 7 of future educational achievement, job 8 and income. But the reasons for differences in IQfor example, between races or gendershave long been widely 9 . There are many 10 reasons that wom

27、en finally surpassed men in IQ after a century of falling 11 , according to Flynn, who is writing a book about IQ and gender. One 12 is that women have 13 been capable of scoring higher but, because of gender stereotypes, never realized their own 14 . Gender-based differences in education, 15 and so

28、cial roles have historically set the 16 lower for women. This 17 is more noticeable for women than for men 18 they were socially and economically 19 in the past, Flynn told the Telegraph . Now if only women could close in on that annoying 20 gap.（分数：30.00）A.partnersB.counterpartsC.classmatesD.oppone

29、nts解析：解析 根据文章首句“大学校园中女性的人数远远超过男性”，可知此处将男性和女性在高学历方面进行对比，故选B项counterpart“对应的人”。partner“搭档”；opponent“对手”。A.whereasB.otherwiseC.althoughD.while解析：解析 空格所在分句“她们的得分一直在提高”与主句“她们已经落后于男性”之间是让步关系，因此选although“尽管”。whereas表转折关系；otherwise表条件；while既可表时间、对比又可表示让步，表让步时一般置于整个句子的句首。A.identifiedB.narrowedC.reducedD.clos

30、ed解析：解析 根据句中的“事实上得分高过男性”可知close“填平”更符合句意。如果男性和女性之间的IQ差距只是缩小了(narrow)，女性的IQ得分就不可能高过男性，因此排除B。identify“认出，识别”；reduce“减少”。A.intentionB.inspirationC.intelligenceD.incentive解析：解析 IQ(智商)是intelligence quotient缩写，用于检测智力，因此选C。其他选项intention“意图”；inspiration“灵感”；incentive“诱因，动机”。A.averageB.totalC.topD.low解析：解析 根

31、据句中提示a certain age group，可知测试结果由个人IQ得分与特定年龄组平均得分之间的差异决定，因此选A项average“平均的”。A.immuneB.mentalC.inheritedD.composite解析：解析 根据常识，一个人智商的高低有后天的环境因素也有遗传因素，因此选C项inherited“遗传的”符合句意。immune“免疫的”；mental“精神上的”；composite“混合成的”。A.sampleB.effectC.measureD.indication解析：解析 空格所在句it指代前面提及的IQ，再结合句末education achievement，in

32、come推测，IQ能比较可靠预测(indication)未来教育成就、薪资收入等，D正确。sample“样品”；effect“影响”；measure“测量”。A.performanceB.securityC.satisfactionD.stability解析：解析 空格所在处与“未来教育成就”、“薪资收入”并列，job performance“工作表现”符合句意，选A项。job security“工作保障”；job satisfaction“工作满意度”；job stability“工作稳定性”。A.acceptedB.recognizedC.criticizedD.debated解析：解析

33、本句主语是the reasons，空格处需填入谓语。首先排除不能与reasons搭配的recognize“认出”和criticize批评”。下文讨论了男女在IQ上存在差别的原因，因此排除accept“接受”。本题选D项，debate“讨论，争论”。A.personalB.obviousC.possibleD.sound解析：解析 由空格前的many(许多)以及下文的one(一种)可推断此处并非表示确定的理由，因此选possible“可能的”，排除sound“合理的”。上下文没有具体提及personal“个人的”、obvious“显而易见的”方面的原因，故排除A、B。A.backB.apartC

34、.throughD.behind解析：解析 考查固定搭配。fall behind“落后”，与句中surpassed构成对照。A.factorB.doubtC.theoryD.challenge解析：解析 “女性能够获得更高分数，但未意识到”属某种观点，因此选C项，theory“看法”。A.neverB.seldomC.oftenD.always解析：解析 句中but提示前后分句在语义上为转折关系，从后面的never realized可推知，前面应该是说女性能够获得更高分数，always与never形成对照，D为最佳答案。A.destinyB.potentialC.ambitionD.power

35、解析：解析 消积词汇gender stereotypes“性别刻板印象”提示，女性无法意识到自身的潜力，B项符合句意。destiny“命运”不能与realized搭配；ambition“抱负”；power“势力，权势”。A.dignityB.backgroundC.habitD.breeding解析：解析 四个选项中，只有breeding“教养”能与education，social roles并列，D为答案。dignity“尊严；高贵”、background“背景”、habit“习惯”均与“性别差异”没有直接联系。A.standardB.recordC.limitD.pressure解析：解析

36、 男女在教育、教养和社会角色上的差异，导致社会对其要求不同，对女性的要求会相对低些(lower)，A项standard“标准”符合句意。A.differenceB.contrastC.changeD.improvement解析：解析 本句承接前面弗林的话，他认为女性IQ测试得分在落后于男性一个世纪之后得以反超，这是一种进步，因此选D。difference“不同”；contrast“对比，对照”；change“改变”。A.thereforeB.whenC.becauseD.nonetheless解析：解析 前面说“这种改善在女性身上更显而易见”，后面说“她们过去一直是弱势群体”，可知前后构成因果

37、关系，选C。therefore后接结果；when表时间；nonetheless表转折。A.independentB.deprivedC.prominentD.vulnerable解析：解析 在过去女性社会地位低下，也没什么经济能力，deprive“剥夺”符合句意。independent“独立的”；prominent“突出的，杰出的”；vulnerable“易受伤害的”。A.wageB.ageC.achievementD.communication解析：解析 前面说到女性开始抹平了与男性在IQ测试得分上的差距，此处用了表示假设的if only“要是就好了”。年龄差距和沟通差距，是人与人之间客观存

38、在的，不可能填平这些差距；由上文第一段可知，女性在学术上的表现更优于男性，故不能说她们要缩小“成就差距”；最有可能消除的是工资差距，A为最佳选项。On the Internet, nobody knows youre a dog, read the title of a famous Peter Steiner cartoon, 21 nowhere is it truer than Internet dating. The experience is by now familiar: the 22 mate who seemed just your 23 in a profile turns

39、 out to be a disappointment in person. There may be ways, however, to 24 a lying person before you find yourself 25 from him or her at a table lit by candies. Researchers from Cornell University and the University of Wisconsin-Madison compared the 26 heights, weights, and ages of 78 Internet dating

40、participants to their profiles on four dating websites. They noticed several 27 from people who were less than 28 . For example, they were less likely to 29 to themselves as I; used indirect expressions, 30 not boring instead of exciting to describe themselves; and stuck to 31 descriptions. People d

41、o this because they want to 32 themselves from their misleading statements, explained Catalina Toma, an author of the study, in a statement. Using these indications, the researchers 33 identified liars about 65 percent of the time. People lied most frequently about their 34 , with women slimming dow

42、n, on average, by 8.5 pounds, and men by 1.5 pounds. At least half the subjects 35 their height, and nearly 20 percent changed their age. Despite the 36 of lies, volunteers proved 37 at catching them. Fortunately, Toma and the teams research 38 up the possibility of a software that could 39 lies for

43、 you, though Internet dating participants should be careful what they wish fornearly everyone in the study lied in some 40 way.（分数：30.00）A.becauseB.andC.thoughD.if解析：解析 空格所在句前一分句捉到“在互联网上没人知道你是谁”，后一分句进一步指出这用来说明网恋恰当不过了。前后分句语义并列相关，选B项。A.onlyB.innocentC.uniqueD.potential解析：解析 网恋的对象可能成为mate“伴侣”，因此选potent

44、ial“潜在的”。innocent“单纯的”；unique“独一无二的”。A.oppositeB.ageC.typeD.equal解析：解析 根据句末的“见过面之后往往令人大失所望”可推知，这位潜在伴侣看似是喜欢的类型实际却不是，选C项type“类型”。opposite“对立而，相反的人或物”；equal“匹敌者”。A.spotB.locateC.trustD.fight解析：解析 第一段主要说明网络恋爱可能有被欺骗的危险。由本句的however可推断此处给出了减少上当受骗的方法。spot指“发现难以察觉的东两”，符合语义要求。A.awayB.acrossC.offD.apart解析：解析 a

45、cross“(位置)在另一边”符合语义，此处意为“你发现自己坐在他/她的对面与之共享烛光晚餐。”A.averageB.respectiveC.actualD.acceptable解析：解析 研究人员将四家婚恋网站上的78名征友者的资料进行比较(compared.to.)，比较的是个人实际情况和注册信息(profile)的差别，C项“实际的”符合语义。average“平均的”；respective“各自的”；acceptable“可接受的”。A.responsesB.questionsC.commentsD.patterns解析：解析 下文For example后的were less likely(不太可能)是一种行为模式，因此选pattern“模式”。response“答复”；question“问题”；comment“评论”。A.qualifiedB.honestC.responsibleD.confident解析：解析 研究人员研究网上征友信息的真实程度