专业英语四级-65及答案解析.doc

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1、专业英语四级-65及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、TEXT A(总题数：2，分数：25.00)Spring is here: flowers are in bloom, birdsong fills the air, and the inboxes of employers are filled with desperate appeals for summer internships. College students and graduates are well aware of the i

2、mpact a desirable placement could have on their careers. With ever fewer entry-level jobs in many industries, internships have become a critical first step into employment. In America, three-quarters of students on a four-year university course will have toiled as an intern at least once before grad

3、uation. Up to half of these workers will have given their services free. Some may even have had to pay for the privilege of coming to work. Unpaid internships seem to be an example of mutual utility: inexperienced youngsters learn something about a chosen field while employers get to farm out some u

4、nskilled work. The arrangement is consensual, and companies often use internships to test potential recruits. But the increasing popularity of these unpaid placements has caused some controversy lately. Nick Clegg, Britains deputy prime minister, recently launched a crusade to ban them, arguing that

5、 they favour the wealthy and privileged. Others complain that uncompensated internships violate labour standards, exploit new workers and surely depress wages for everyone else. In America, they tend to be illegal at for-profit companies, according to guidelines set out in 1947. But the Department o

6、f Labour barely enforces such rules, in part because interns are often too afraid to file complaints. Organisations in America save $2 billion a year by not paying interns a minimum wage, writes Ross Perlin in Intern Nation, a new book about the highly competitive race to the bottom of the corporate

7、 ladder. Perhaps one-third of all internships at for-profit companies are unpaid, and interns now often fill roles once held by full-time employees. Young people and their parents are subsidising labour for Fortune 500 companies, Mr Perlin comments. To avoid legal complications, companies often enco

8、urage students to work in exchange for academic credits from their college. But such credits can cost hundreds or even thousands of dollars. Some colleges abolish their fees or earn them by offering guidance and oversight. For many institutions, however, they are an easy source of revenue, more bene

9、ficial to themselves than their students. Calls for new labour laws that reflect the growing prominence of internships have got nowhere. Instead, interns will have to look out for each other, for example by rating their experiences on websites such as InternshipRatings and Internocracy. At any rate,

10、 students may be buoyed by a rare bit of good news from the National Association of Colleges and Employers: employers intend to hire 19% more graduates this year than last. This should spare some from the misery of working without pay.（分数：12.50）(1).According to the first paragraph, college students

11、and graduates find it most essential to _.（分数：2.50）A.get an entry-level jobB.provide free serviceC.do an internshipD.pay for the privilege of getting a job(2).Nick Clegg recently launched a crusade to ban _.（分数：2.50）A.internships before employmentB.uncompensated internshipsC.consensual internshipsD.

12、internships for rich college students(3).From Ross Perlins new book Intern Nation, we can learn that _.（分数：2.50）A.competition for internships is intenseB.interns are usually looked down uponC.one third of interns work for for-profit companiesD.internships are least valued by for-profit companies(4).

13、What can we learn from the last paragraph?（分数：2.50）A.New labor laws will soon be enforced.B.Graduates will not have to work as an intern.C.More job vacancies will be available for graduates.D.Working without pay will soon be banned.(5).What is the best title for the passage?（分数：2.50）A.Reform of Inte

14、rnships and EmploymentB.Employment at For-profit IndustriesC.Desperate GraduatesD.Ordeals for InternsEvery April I am troubled by the same concernthat spring might not occur this year. The landscape looks dull, with hills, sky and forest forming a single gray color, like the light color an artist pa

15、ints on a canvas before the masterwork. My spirit ebbs, as it did during an April snowfall when I first came to Maine 15 years ago. Just wait, a neighbor counseled. Youll wake up one morning and spring will just be here. And look, on May 3 that year, I awoke to a green so startling as to be almost e

16、lectric, as if spring were simply a matter of moving a switch. Hills, sky and forest revealed their purples, blues and greens. Leaves had unfurled, birds had arrived at the feeder and daffodils were fighting their way towards heaven. Then there was the old apple tree. It sits on an undeveloped land

17、in my neighborhood. It belongs to no one and therefore to everyone. The trees dark, twisted branches stretch in unpruned abandon. Each spring it blossoms so freely that the air fills with the fragrance of apple. When I drive by with my windows rolled down, it gives me the feeling of moving in anothe

18、r world, like a kid on a water slide. Until last year, I thought I was the only one aware of this tree. And then one day, in a fit of spring madness, I set out with a pruner and cut off a few unordered branches. No sooner had I arrived under the tree than neighbors opened their windows and stepped o

19、nto their porches. These were people I barely knew and seldom spoke to, but it was as if I had come unbidden into their personal gardens. My mobile-home neighbor was the first to speak. Youre not going to cut it down, are you? she asked anxiously. Another neighbor frowned as I cut off a branch. Dont

20、 kill it, now, he cautioned. Soon half the neighborhood had joined me under the apple tree. It struck me that I had lived there for five years and only now was learning these peoples names, what they did for a living and how they passed the winter. It was as if the old apple tree was gathering us un

21、der its branches for the dual purpose of acquaintanceship and shared wonder. I couldnt help recalling Robert Frosts words: The trees that have it in their pent-up buds To darken nature and be summer woods. One thaw led to another. Just the other day I saw one of my neighbors at the local store. He s

22、aid how this recent winter had been especially long and complained not having seen or spoken to anyone in our neighborhood. And then, he looked at me and said, We need to prune that apple tree again.（分数：12.50）(1).By saying that my spirit ebbs (Para. 1), the author means that _.（分数：2.50）A.he was reli

23、evedB.he was gloomyC.he was surprisedD.he was tired(2).The apple tree mentioned in the passage is most likely to _.（分数：2.50）A.be regarded as a delight in the neighborhoodB.have been abandoned by its original ownerC.have been neglected by everyone in the communityD.be attractive only to the author(3)

24、.In Para. 3, neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches probably because _.（分数：2.50）A.they were surprised that someone unknown was pruning the treeB.they wanted to prevented the author from pruning the treeC.they were concerned about the safety of the treeD.they wanted to get to k

25、now the author(4).Not until last year did the author _.（分数：2.50）A.cease to worry about the treeB.become aware of the apple treeC.begin to appreciate the neighborhoodD.make acquaintance with the neighbors(5).The authors neighbor mentioned in the last paragraph most cared about _.（分数：2.50）A.when sprin

26、g would arriveB.how to pass the long winterC.the neighborhood gatheringD.the pruning for the apple tree三、TEXT B(总题数：2，分数：22.50)Job stress and worrying about job security can both take a toll on a womans body, although the two issues affect female health differently, according to research presented l

27、ast month at the American Heart Associations Annual Meeting in Chicago. But whether chronic work-related stress is eating at your nerves or ballooning your waistline, there are natural solutions with no toxic side effects that you can use to relax the pressure. In a recent study looking at work stre

28、ss and women, researchers from Harvard and Brigham and Womens Hospital studied more than 17,000 otherwise healthy women, generally in their 50s, enrolled in the Womens Health Study for 10 years. Women who reported work-related strain, such as having little or no authority over decisions or being una

29、ble to contribute creativity and skills to the job, were up to 88 percent more likely to experience a heart attack than women who reported no work strain. Overall, working women reporting high job strain faced a 40 percent higher rate of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease, too. Worrying about losing a jo

30、b did not appear to increase heart attack risk, but it was linked to obesity, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol (胆固醇), all of which can eventually lead to cardiovascular disease. Previous research out of the University of Oregon has found that you could adopt stress-zapping properties of Int

31、egrative Body-Mind Training (IBMT) before the workweeks out. After practicing it for 20 minutes a day for five days in a row, participants reported reduced stress and increased energy. Prevention suggests this intro IBMT exercise: Sit quietly in a comfortable position. Close your eyes and think of y

32、our mind as a full cup; as thoughts come and go, keep returning to an image of the cup becoming empty. Repeat for five minutes. Regardless of your meditation style, know this: Compared to non-meditators, women who practice meditation enjoy up to a 66 percent drop in stress hormone levels, which can

33、dramatically improve heart health. If youre in need of an emergency quick freak-out fix, reach for a piece of gum. (Avoid artificial sweetened gum, thoughsome are linked to health issues.) One study found that chewing gum boosts blood flow to the brain by up to 40 percent, helping you stay calm and

34、in the present. This prevents you from pondering over some aggravating office event. You dont need to be a monk to enjoy the benefits of meditation. In fact, more and more Western integrative medicine practitioners are using it as a nontoxic health improver.（分数：12.50）(1).According to the passage, wh

35、ich of the following can probably lead to womens work-related strain?（分数：2.50）A.They are not creative enough in their work.B.They could not afford to lose their job.C.They have no say in decision-making.D.They are underpaid compared with men.(2).The word zapping (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to _.

36、（分数：2.50）A.relievingB.specifyingC.preventingD.aggravating(3).Meditation benefits our heart by _.（分数：2.50）A.boosting blood flow in the brainB.increasing stress hormone levelsC.slowing blood flow in the brainD.reducing stress hormone levels(4).The author most probably agrees that artificial sweetened

37、gum _.（分数：2.50）A.is not effective in reducing stressB.may cause some health problemsC.should be avoided although it is healthfulD.is harmful for ones health due to its sugar containing(5).Whats the function of the last four paragraphs in the passage?（分数：2.50）A.To illustrate a problem with examples.B

38、.To provide tips for solving a problem.C.To indicate the results of a problem.D.To reveal the causes of a problem.Patients and doctors have long understood the power of telling and listening to personal narratives. Whether among patients in peer support groups or between doctors and patients in the

39、exam room or even between doctors during consultations, stories are an essential part of how we communicate, interpret experiences and incorporate new information into our lives. Despite the existence of storytelling in medicine, research on its effects in the clinical setting has remained relativel

40、y thin. While important, a vast majority of studies have been anecdotal, offering up neither data nor statistics but rather stories to back up the authors claims. Now The Annals of Internal Medicine has published the results of a provocative new trial examining the effects of storytelling on patient

41、s with high blood pressure. And it appears that at least for one group of patients, listening to personal narratives helped control high blood pressure as effectively as the addition of more medications. Telling and listening to stories is the way we make sense of our lives, said Dr. Thomas K. Houst

42、on, lead author of the study. That natural tendency may have the potential to alter behavior and improve health. Experts in this emerging field of narrative communication say that storytelling effectively counteracts the initial denial that can arise when a patient learns of a new diagnosis or is as

43、ked to change deeply fixed behaviors. Patients may react to this news by thinking, This is not directly related to me, or My experience is different. Stories help break down that denial by engaging the listener, often through some degree of identification with the storyteller or one of the character

44、s. The magic of stories lies in the relatedness they foster, Dr. Houston said. Marketers have known this for a long time, which is why you see so many stories in advertisements. Dr. Houston is currently involved in several more studies that will examine the broader use of storytelling in patient car

45、e and describe ways in which it can best be integrated. Nonetheless, he remains certain of one thing: Sharing narratives can be a powerful tool for doctors and patients. Storytelling is human, Dr. Houston said. We learn through stories, and we use them to make sense of our lives. Its a natural exten

46、sion to think that we could use stories to improve our health.（分数：10.00）(1).Claims in anecdotal studies are supported by _.（分数：2.50）A.solid evidenceB.personal narrativesC.systematic dataD.scientific statistics(2).What does the study led by Dr. Thomas K. Houston focus on?（分数：2.50）A.Whether storytelli

47、ng really exists in medicine.B.How we make sense of lives by storytelling.C.The effects of storytelling in clinical setting.D.Patients and doctors attitudes to storytelling.(3).According to Para. 5, patients may find that the stories are _.（分数：2.50）A.seldom directly related to themB.completely diffe

48、rent from their experiencesC.more interesting than diagnoses or doctors adviceD.similar to their experiences in one way or another(4).Marketers have been aware of the importance of _.（分数：2.50）A.establishing similarities between stories in ads and consumersB.creating adventurous experiences for consumersC.telling and listening to stories in medicineD.sharing personal narratives between doctors and patients四、TEXT C(总题数：2，分数：27.50