专业英语八级-阅读理解(十三)及答案解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级-阅读理解(十三)及答案解析 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、BREADING COMPREH(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、BTEXT A/B(总题数：1，分数：30.00)Are your Facebook friends more interesting than those you have in real life? Has high-speed Internet made you impatient with slow-speed children? Do you sometimes think about reaching for the lust-f

2、orward button, only to realize that life does not come with a remote control?If you answered yes to any of those questions, exposure to technology may be slowly reshaping your personality. Some experts believe excessive use of the Internet, cellphones and other technologies can cause us to become mo

3、re impatient, impulsive, forgetful and even more narcissistic.More and more, life is resembling the chat room, says Dr.Elias Aboujaoude, director of the Impulse Control Disorders Clinic at Stanford. Were paying a price in terms of our cognitive life because of this virtual lifestyle.We do spend a lo

4、t of time with our devices, and some studies have suggested that excessive dependence on cellphones and the Internet is akin to an addiction. Websites like NetA offer self-assessment tests to determine if technology has become a drug. Among the questions used to identify those at risk: Do you neglec

5、t housework to spend more time online? Are you frequently checking your e-mail? Do you often lose sleep because you log in late at night? If you answered often or always, technology may be taking a toll on you.In a study to be published in the journal Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking,

6、 researchers from the University of Melbourne in Australia subjected 173 college students to tests measuring risk for problematic Internet and gambling behaviors. About 5 percent of the students showed signs of gambling problems, but 10 percent of the students posted scores high enough to put them i

7、n the at-risk category for Internet addiction.Technology use was clearly interfering with the students daily lives, but it may be going too far to call it an addiction, says Nicki Dowling, a clinical psychologist who led the study. Ms.Dowling prefers to call it Internet dependence.Typically, the con

8、cern about our dependence on technology is that it detracts from our time with family and friends in the real world. But psychologists have become intrigued by a more subtle and insidious effect of our online interactions. It may be that the immediacy of the Internet, the efficiency of the iPhone an

9、d the anonymity of the chat room change the core of who we are, issues that Dr.Aboujaoude explores in a book, Virtually You: The Internet and the Fracturing of the Self, to be released next year.Dr.Aboujaoude also asks whether the vast storage available in e-mail and on the Internet is preventing ma

10、ny of us from letting go, causing us to retain many old and unnecessary memories at the expense of making new ones. Everything is saved these days, he notes, from the meaningless e-mail sent after a work lunch to the angry online exchange with a spouse.If you cant forget because all this stuff is st

11、aring at you, what does that do to your ability to lay down new memories and remember things that you should be remembering? Dr.Aboujaoude said. When you have 500 pictures from your vacation in your Flickr account, as opposed to five pictures that are really meaningful, does that change your ability

12、 to recall the moments that you really want to recall?There is also no easy way to conquer a dependence on technology. Nicholas Carr, author of the new book The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains, says that social and family responsibilities, work and other pressures influence our us

13、e of technology. The deeper a technology is woven into the patterns of everyday life, the less choice we have about whether and how we use that technology, Mr.Carr wrote in a recent blog post on the topic.Some experts suggest simply trying to curtail the amount of time you spend online. Set limits f

14、or how often you check e-mail or force yourself to leave your cellphone at home occasionally.The problem is similar to an eating disorder, says Dr.Kimberly Young, a professor at St.Bonaventure University in New York who has led research on the addictive nature of online technology. Technology, like

15、food, is an essential part of daily life, and those suffering from disordered online behavior cannot give it up entirely and instead have to learn moderation and controlled use. She suggests therapy to determine the underlying issues that set off a persons need to use the Internet as a way of escape

16、.The International Center for Media and the Public Agenda at the University of Maryland asked 200 students to retrain from using electronic media for a day. The reports from students after the study suggest that giving up technology cold turkey not only makes life logistically difficult, but also ch

17、anges our ability to connect with others.Texting and IM-ing my friends gives me a constant feeling of comfort, wrote one student. When I did not have those two luxuries, I felt quite alone and secluded from my life. Although I go to a school with thousands of students, the fact that I was not able t

18、o communicate with anyone via technology was almost unbearable.（分数：30.00）(1).NetA is mentioned as a website to A. check how technology is changing peoples lives. B. assess how dependent people are on technology. C. find what price people are paying for their virtual lifestyle. D. show how the Intern

19、et help people escape from reality.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to Dr.Abonjaoude, all of the following contribute to change our identity EXCEPT that A. we spend less time with people from the real world. B. we have easy access to the Internet. C. we do a lot of things with our iPhones. D. we do no

20、t know who we are talking to online.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Dr.Aboujaoude proves in paragraph 8 and 9 that technology dependence leads to A. impatience. B. impulsiveness. C. forgetfulness. D. narcissism.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Whats the solution to technology addiction, according to Dr.Kimberly Young? A.

21、To admit that the Internet is woven into peoples lives. B. To set limits on the frequency of checking e-mails. C. To understand the similarities between disordered eating and online behaviors. D. To find out what people try to avoid in reality by using the Internet.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The Universit

22、y of Maryland study finds that students A. cant live a day without electronic media. B. have difficulty communicating with people in reality. C. feel accustomed to electronic communications. D. think friends online more interesting than classmates in school.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(6).Which of the followin

23、g best describes the authors development of argument? A. introducing the issue citing ways to deal with the issue describing the actual status analyzing effects B. introducing the issue analyzing effects citing ways to deal with the issue describing the actual status C. citing ways to deal with the

24、issue introducing the issue describing the actual status analyzing effects D. describing the actual status introducing the issue analyzing effects citing ways to deal with the issue（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.三、BTEXT B/B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Atheism itself, atheism as such, isnt and cant be a movement, because athei

25、sm is, at a minimum, simply non-theism: non-belief in any god. Mere non-belief in any X cant by itself constitute a movement, because its merely an absence (or at most a refusal) of belief. If every absence of belief amounted to a movement, the traffic jam would be a nightmare. A belief about the wo

26、rld shouldnt necessarily commit us to political action we have to be able to say No to affirmative beliefs about the world without thereby signing up to a campaign. We need to be able to make such choices more freely than such a requirement would allow.Atheism can however include something like a mo

27、vement, of course, as can other beliefs and non-beliefs. Some of the disagreement among atheists is around this issue. Many atheists want to be able to be atheists without being dragged into some boring noisy unsubtle bad-tempered movement. Many other atheists want to be able to be open explicit unb

28、ashful atheists without constantly being told to be more euphemistic or evasive or respectful or just plain silent by other atheists, who surely ought to know better.This who surely ought to know better is one place where the disagreement really grips. To the first group lets call them plain atheist

29、s this idea looks like typical political hegemonising, like ideological policing, like the demand for uniformity and agreement and loyalty that always goes with a movement. It looks like groupthink. To the second group call them movement atheists thats not it, its just that other atheists should und

30、erstand that euphemism and respect have been the norm for a long time and we really ought to be allowed to talk freely.Although I am in the second group, I clearly know the problem, of course, is that what each group wants is incompatible with what the other group wants. In a perfect world, plain at

31、heists could just ignore movement atheists, and movement atheists could mutter away without disturbing their quieter friends. But in the real world, many plain atheists feel that movement atheists bring the whole notion of atheism into disrepute. We make it more difficult for plain atheists to be ju

32、st that, because the world at large now thinks of atheists in general as movement atheists.I see the difficulty, but I also think that plain atheists should to some extent put up with it. We dont actually want to drag them into the movement but we would like to be able to talk freely without even ot

33、her atheists telling us to pipe down.Where one locates oneself on this map depends partly on whether one thinks religion is mostly benign, or mostly harmful, or a difficult-to-unravel mix of the two. Its not a neat mapping though Im a committed movement atheist in the sense that I really do think ta

34、boos on open discussion of religion should go away, but I also think religion is a difficult-to-unravel mix of the benign and the harmful. But then I wouldnt be surprised to learn that all new or movement atheists match that description too.（分数：20.00）(1).Which of the following is true of the passage

35、? A. Atheism shares something with other beliefs and non-beliefs. B. There is no disagreement inside atheism at all. C. Movement atheists like launching movements about atheism. D. Plain atheists hope to express themselves openly and explicitly.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the author, what made

36、 conflict between plain and movement atheists? A. Incompatibility in movement. B. Incompatibility in needs. C. Disagreement on movement. D. Requirement for each other.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(3).We can know from paragraph 4 that A. plain atheists and movement atheists could find a way to coexist in harmony

37、. B. the author favors neither plain atheists nor movement atheists. C. plain atheists hold that it is movement atheists that put shame to atheism. D. the world knows as much about plain atheists as movement atheists.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which can properly describe the authors attitude to religion?

38、A. Indifferent. B. Complicated. C. Positive. D. Negative.（分数：5.00）A.B.C.D.四、BTEXT C/B(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Avner Shalev tried to keep it real. The director of Jerusalems recently renovated Holocaust History Museum, Yad Vashem, never liked the Disneyland feel of some rival exhibitions. Walking a reporter t

39、hrough the galleries, he gestures toward the authentic relics of a historical tragedy: documents, diaries even lampposts recovered from the Warsaw ghetto. Toward the end of the tour, Shalev approaches a large beige model of the crematorium at Birkenau, by Polish sculptor Mieczyslaw Stobierski. Its p

40、owerful but it also breaks Shalevs own rule about including reproductions. Auschwitz has one, he says with a shrug. Washington also commissioned one. I thought we should have one. Not even history, it seems, is free from the invisible hand of competition.In recent years the worlds museums commemorat

41、ing the Holocaust, which killed 6 million Jews, have sprung up all over the world. Paris recently renovated its Holocaust museum. Ukraines is under construction. The United States is now home to more than 100. Yad Vashem opened in 1957 three years before the first televised presidential debate and d

42、ecades before anyone had ever dreamed up a DVD. Now the museum has to compete for its guests attention with the alluring distractions of the media age. The curators have done their best, installing more than 100 flat-screen TVs playing video clips of survivor stories. Life-size black-and-white photo

43、graphs of the murdered are projected on a wall. Todays kids may be harder to keep engaged. But Shalev also attributes the boom in Holocaust memorials to their open minds. They dont have to play with these guilt feelings, and suppress, and put aside, he says.There is plenty in the new museum that cri

44、es out to be suppressed. One chilling exhibit commemorates the slaughter in Ponary, Lithuania, where over a period of four years more than 70,000 Jews were lined up and shot dead, their bodies tumbling into pits. The curators have carved a deep cavity in the museum floor to symbolize the mass graves

45、, lit only by a frail shaft of sunlight.Not all the exhibits rely on new technology. Some of the most powerful stories are told through the timeless tools of good narrative. The new museum opens with a short video depicting Jewish life in Europe before the Nazi invasion a collection of simple, caref

46、ree images.Trenches crisscross the central corridor, marking the turning points in the 12-year story and guiding visitors through the galleries. The centerpiece is a majestic dome known as the Hall of Names; binders of documents line the walls, and hundreds of individual portraits of the dead are di

47、splayed along the dome. Each time Im in here, another one catches my eye, Shalev says, craning his neck.The binders in the Hall of Names represent just a fraction of the museums 100 million document archives, most of which never see a gallery wall. Despite the growing demand from museums around the

48、world, Yad Vashem still often gets first pick of the artifacts offered up by Holocaust survivors. They know that here it will be kept in a very professional manner for hundreds of years, says Shalev. Theyd better; if his museum doesnt keep pace with the times, there will always be another taker.（分数：25.00）(1).Disneyland feel is probably