专业英语八级-阅读理解(六)及答案解析.doc

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1、专业英语八级-阅读理解(六)及答案解析 (总分：20.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Text A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The Great Lyme DebateTheres a debate raging over Lyme disease, although youd never know it unless youve been paying close attentionbecause on the surface it sounds like the dullest argument imaginable. Last year, the Infectious Diseases

2、Society of America issued new guidelines saying physicians should treat Lyme with antibiotics for no longer than 30 days. Some docs think thats wrong. Its a seemingly straightforward difference of opinion. So why has the debate dissolved into animosity, with one side suggesting that its opponents ha

3、ve no credibility and the other slinging deeply personal insults on the Web? And why has it now spilled out of medical journals and onto the office of a state attorney general? Clearly, something other than ticks is bugging a lot of doctors. Lyme diseasethe most common insect-borne ailment in Americ

4、a, with roughly 20,000 cases diagnosed each year and more undetectedis transmitted mostly by a well-known pest, the deer tick. But the real culprit is something even nastier, a bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi that lives in the ticks gut. When Borrelia infiltrates the human body, it can cause a

5、 suite of distinctive symptoms, most notably a flulike feeling and a red rash like a bulls-eye. Sometimes, though, it causes no symptoms at all, and thats more dangerous, because the early signs are the only warnings doctors have. If Lyme is left undiagnosed and untreated, its consequences can be se

6、rious, including arthritis, meningitis, heart problems and inflammation of the brain. The real secret, says Dr. Michael Zimring, director of the Center for Wilderness and Travel Medicine at Mercy Medical Center in Baltimore, is to be able to recognize the disease early enough.Zimring would know. Sev

7、eral years ago his wife felt fluish and came down with an oval- shaped rash. Zimring wasnt sure what she had, but knowing our backyard is loaded with ticks was enough, he says. He started his wife right away on one of the classic, effective antibiotics used to treat Lyme. When her medical tests came

8、 back, they proved him right. I treated her for three weeks, he says, and that was it. No problem.Unfortunately, not all Lyme patients recover so easily. And thats whats at the heart of the debatesome docs think patients who are treated inadequately can develop a chronic form of the disease, while o

9、thers deny that its possible. Dr. Rafael Stricter, president of the International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society, believes in chronic Lyme disease, and he says that in his clinical experience about 70 percent of patients with it get better if theyre treated long term with the same drugs used t

10、o treat early infection. But the doctors who made the new IDSA guidelines on treatment say theres no such thing as chronic Lyme, because in most patients who complain of it, Borrelia isnt detectable in the body. Dr. Gary Wormser, who chaired the IDSA panel, prefers the term post-Lyme syndrome. Treat

11、ing that syndrome with high-dose antibiotics for months as some physicians did before the new guidelinescan only hurt patients, he says. It can give them gallstones and infections and lead to antibiotic resistance while not curing anything. The majority of patients treated for chronic Lyme do not ha

12、ve post-Lyme, he says, and in fact never, ever had Lyme disease at all.This does not sit well with thousands of patients who believe they do have chronic Lyme and badly want antibiotic treatment for it. The IDSA is basically saying to them, Were right, youre wrong, we dont want to listen to you, jus

13、t take some antidepressants and go away, says Stricker. The IDSA is a highly respected group of doctors. But its facing formidable opposition, not just from Strickers group (and angry patients whove taken to Internet message boards) but also from the attorney generals office in Connecticut, the stat

14、e with the countrys highest incidence of Lyme disease. A.G. Richard Blumenthal has launched an investigation of the IDSA panel, looking into whether it ignored any research that would support long-term antibiotic treatment (the guidelines cite more than 400 studies). Our question basically is whethe

15、r the guidelines were formulated through a process that was proper, without self-interest or conflicts of interest, Blumenthal says, noting that some of the panel members have financial interests in treatments and vaccines. Blumenthal also worries that the new guidelines might be used by insurance c

16、ompanies looking to avoid paying for Lyme drugs. The investigation is at an important juncture, he says.Meanwhile, Wormser is baffled. How could the interests of the patient be served by treating with unnecessary and potentially dangerous therapies? he says. The guidelines represent the best that me

17、dical science has to offer. The question, then, is whether thats good enough.（分数：5.00）(1).The word animosity in the first paragraph means _.（分数：1.00）A.hostilityB.harmonyC.hospitalityD.agreement(2).According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true about the Lyme disease?（分数：1.00

18、）A.It can be detected easily.B.Patients who get it feel like flu.C.It can be cured if recognized early enough.D.Zimring thinks Antibiotics is effective in treating it.(3).Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the chairperson of the IDSA panel?（分数：1.00）A.There is not a chronic fo

19、rm of Lyme disease.B.Borrelia is not detectable in most patients who are said to have Lyme disease.C.The majority of patients treated for chronic Lyme do not have Lyme disease.D.Treating Lyme disease with high-dose antibiotics can lead to meningitis and heart problems.(4).According to the passage, w

20、ho is not opposed to the guidelines issued by the IDSA?（分数：1.00）A.Dr. Rafael Stricker.B.Dr. Gary Wormser.C.A.G. Richard Blumenthal.D.Patients who think they have chronic Lym(5).According to the passage, the following statements worry Richard Blumenthal with the EXCEPTION of（分数：1.00）A.Some panel memb

21、ers have interests in treatments and vaccines.B.The patients are treated with unnecessary and potentially dangerous drugs.C.The IDSA might ignore research that supports long-term antibiotic treatment.D.Insurance companies might refuse to pay for Lyme drugs due to the guidelines.二、Text B(总题数：1，分数：5.0

22、0)The Democrats Trade TroublesLast week House speaker Nancy Pelosi and Congressman Charles Rangel showed genuine leadership by making a deal with the Bush administration to ease the passage of new trade pacts. But they did so from within a party that is going seriously awry on this issue. Too many D

23、emocrats, including most of their presidential candidates, simply wish the subject would go away.This is a bad strategy for the party and for the country. Bill Clintons most important. political achievement was to transform the image of the Democratic Party into one that was in favor of growth, mark

24、ets and trade. Clinton supported and articulated a powerful defense for the North American Free Trade Agreement, the World Trade Organization and commerce with China, among many such issues. He spoke confidently of the promise and opportunities of a globalized world. When you talk with elected Democ

25、rats now, they could not sound more different. Far too many of them are parochial, pessimistic and paranoid about the global economy.Globalization and technological change produce real anxieties for many people in the developed world. But the basic facts are incontestable: over the past 20 years, as

26、 these forces have accelerated, the United States has benefited enormously. Its companies have dominated the new global economic order; its consumers have reaped the lions share of the resulting price reductions. America has grown faster than any large industrial economy during these years: over the

27、 past two decades, American per capita GDP has roughly doubled. The median income of a family of four rose 23 percent between 1985 and 2005. There are serious problems of dislocation and rising inequality and Ill return to thesebut that there have been substantial gains is indisputable. U.S. unemplo

28、yment stands today at a stunningly low 4.4 percent, about half that of many large European economies.In this context it is almost bizarre to listen to the fears of so many Democrats (and increasingly some Republicans). The Central American Free Trade Agreement, which has almost no effect on the $13

29、trillion American economy but is a huge benefit to the countries in the region, passed the Senate with little Democratic support. Now trade pacts with three Latin American countriesPanama, Peru and Colombiahave been loaded down with amendments, and even so will face opposition from many Democrats. A

30、gain, this is a deal that will have almost no impact on us but is hugely important to three crucial allies.Its true that the pace of change is fast and often frightening. And it can cause real pain for real people. But we cant solve this by slowing down or shutting off trade. What advanced economy i

31、n history that has closed itself off from the world has prospered? Would Detroits automakers have been better off if they had never been exposed to international competition? Perhaps the outsourcing of service jobs today is different. But for the past 50 years America has outsourced manufacturing jo

32、bsand yet the economy and personal income and our standards of living have kept growing robustly. Why is it different if the person exposed to international competition now wears a tie?The current Democratic approach to these issues is misguided. Loading trade pacts with environmental and labor stan

33、dards is ineffective, unless the aim is to sink them. It will not really change the fact of low-wage competition from poor countries. And, most important, it doesnt really help American workers to prosper in the long term. What America needs is a new way to tackle trade. It is a C-and-T agenda: cush

34、ion and train. The government should help people to weather the shocks of this roller-coaster ride, and it should help train them to be better equipped for the next round of global competition. We do very little of this today. When someone loses his job in America, he loses his health care and pensi

35、on. Imagine if that didnt happenand it doesnt in other rich countrieswould that worker be as terrified of change? And then imagine if he took a series of retraining and education courses to prepare him for a new job or career.These two shock absorbers would better equip the average American to face

36、a world of global competition. It would ease the genuine anxieties that people have about trade and build durable political support for expanding the world economy rather than walling us in. Its a more sensible solution than China bashing, bogus labor standards and protectionist subsidies. Its a New

37、 Deal for trade. Now is any Democrat willing to say that?（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following statements is NOT true about the first paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.Nancy Pelosi and Charles Rangel are Republicans.B.The Democratic Party is an obstacle to the passage of new trade pacts.C.The Democratic Party and

38、the Republican Party are diverse in their opinions of trade.D.What Nancy Pelosi and Charles Rangel did was against the will of the majority of Democrats.(2).Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Democrats idea of the global economy?（分数：1.00）A.Bill Clinton was in favor of the global

39、 economy.B.A large number of Democrats fear globalization and technological change.C.Democratic leaders agree with Bill Clinton on the idea of the global economy.D.Free trade with Central America will meet with opposition from many Democrats.(3).According to the passage, the Democrats would prefer t

40、he following solutions to trade EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.To slow down trade.B.To load trade pacts with labor standards.C.To better equip workers to face competition.D.To load trade pacts with environmental standards.(4).According to the passage, the American government should do the following to solve tr

41、ade problems with the EXCEPTION of _.（分数：1.00）A.easing anxieties that people have about tradeB.providing retraining and education courses to workersC.providing health care and pension to workers out of workD.protecting the American economy from foreign competition(5).According to the passage, which

42、of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.America has outsourced manufacturing jobs for the past 50 years.B.The Democrats are liberal on flee trade and international competition.C.The government should reform the policies on health care and pension.D.American economy has developed fast owin

43、g to international competition.三、Text C(总题数：1，分数：5.00)When Tony Blair was elected to Britains House of Commons in 1983, he was just 30, the Labour Partys youngest M.R Labour had just fought and lost a disastrous election campaign on a far-left platform, and Margaret Thatcher, fresh from her victory

44、in the Falklands War, was in her pomp. The opposition to Thatcher was limited to a few ancient warhorses and a handful of bright young things. Blair, boyish Blair, quickly became one of the best of the breed.Nobody would call Blair, 54 on May 6, boyish today. His face is older and beaten up, his rep

45、utation in shreds. Very soon, he will announce the timetable for his departure from office. In a recent poll for the Observer newspaper, just 6% of Britons said they found Blair trustworthy, compared with 43% who thought the opposite. In Britainas in much of the rest of the worldBlair is considered

46、an unpopular failure.Ive been watching Blair practically since he entered politicsat first close up from the House of Commons press gallery, later from thousands of miles away. In nearly a quarter-century, I have never come across a public figure who more consistently asked the important questions a

47、bout the relationships between individuals, communities and governments or who thought more deeply about how we should conduct ourselves in an interconnected world in which loyalties of nationality, ethnicity and religion continue to run deep. Blairs personal standing in the eyes of the British publ

48、ic may never recover, but his ideas, especially in foreign policy, will long outlast him.Britons (who have and expect an intensely personal relationship with their politician) love to grumble about their lot and their leaders, especially iflike Blairtheyve been around for a decade. So you would never guess from a few hours down the pub how much better a place Britain is now than it was a decade ago. Its more prosperous, its healthier, its better educated, andwith all the inevitable caveats about disaffected young Muslim menit is the European nation most comfortable with the mu