专业八级-291 (1)及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-291 (1)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPART LISTENIN(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The most important decision that a company has to make regarding advertising is where to advertise. We refer to these means ofU (1) /Uhe media“. There are three categories of media:U (2) /U, broadcast, and direct. The first categ

2、ory consists of newspapers and megazines. Newspapers are generallyU (3) /U, which allows samllU (4) /Ubusinesses to advertise of magazines is that they haveU (5) /Ugroups of readers. The big disadvantage of magazine ad vertisement is that it can be very expensive. The disadvantages of radio ads are

3、that they must be short and that they are notU (6) /U. Television ads areU (7) /Uby millions of people all over the country because most TV programs are broadcast nationally. On the other hand, ads on TV are enormously expensive. Obviously, only large companies canU (8) /Uto advertise on television.

4、 The most common direct medium is the mail, another direct medium isU (9) /U, and the third type of direct medium is signs andU (10) /U.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_二、BSECTION B/B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)(1).When is the conversation going on?（分数：1.00）A.Twenty

5、 days before Christmas Day.B.Twenty-three days before Christmas Day.C.A month before Christmas Day.D.Two months before Christmas Day.(2).Which of the following are the names of the man and womans children?（分数：1.00）A.Anne and Dick.B.Amme and Jim.C.Jim and Tom.D.Mary and David.(3).What gift will the w

6、omans father be given?（分数：1.00）A.Some discs.B.A bedside reading lamp.C.A pair of gloves.D.A box of cigars.(4).How old is the mans nephew, Tom?（分数：1.00）A.Ten.B.Eleven.C.Twelve.D.Thirteen.(5).Which of the following is true according to the conversation?（分数：1.00）A.The husband of the mans aunt, Mantha,

7、was dead.B.The man has twin nieces.C.The womans sister, Mary, is very short of money, so the woman suggests giving her some money.D.The two speakers have made out a list of all the Christmas presents they are certain to buy.三、BSECTION C/B(总题数：2，分数：5.00)(1).What will the agencies help to increase?（分数

8、：1.00）A.Long range investments.B.Profitable investments.C.The number of investing countries.D.The number of countries receiving foreign investment.(2).What should host countries proper investment in environment include according to the communique?（分数：1.00）A.A vigorous private sector.B.A legal framew

9、ork.C.A flexible labor market and prompt service of debt.D.All above.(3).Which of the following is NOT the top country receiving foreign investment is 1991?（分数：1.00）A.Mexico.B.Urugray.C.China.D.Venezucla.I Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be g

10、iven 10 seconds to answer each question. Now listen to the news./I（分数：2.00）(1).The discovery by American researchers might help them understand _.（分数：1.00）A.human beingsB.the mysteryC.the sense of smellD.the space(2).Humans can distinguish about _.（分数：1.00）A.10,000 different odorsB.10 different odor

11、sC.1,000 different odorsD.100 different odors四、BPART READING (总题数：5，分数：20.00)BTEXT A/BAfrican bushmen are being given computers so they can use their skill at tracking wild animals to take part in a project that will help conservation and tourism.The project is being run by Louis Liebenberg, a South

12、 African tracking expert, who has teamed up with Lindsay Steventon, a computer expert. They are equipping bushmen with handheld PalmPilot computers so they can record sightings of animals in the wild. The computers, known as Cyber Trackers, can then be taken to a base and the information downloaded

13、onto a PC.The project will create a remarkable database for scientists, who will have wildlife information collated throughout the year by bushmen whose knowledge of local animals is unrivalled.To make the system easy to use for the largely illiterate bushmen, each type of animal is given a screen i

14、con that corresponds to its appearance. Different breeds of the same animal are stored as sub menus, again using icons to note their distinguishing features.Once an animal is spotted and its icon is pressed, the tracker can make further observations about the creature. Option include the pace at whi

15、ch it is moving, what it is eating, whether it is fighting or sleeping, the condition of its droppings and its apparent state of health.If only the tracks of an animal are spotted, the bushmen can enter details of the species and which direction it was moving in. This may lead to later sightings and

16、 additional data. When an entry is to be committed to the PalmPilots memory, the bushman presses a button and a GPS receiver stamps a position on the data. To ensure accuracy the tracker has to estimate how far away the animal is, so its position and not his is recorded.The bushmen will also use the

17、 PalmPilots to record water levels and how plants are faring. Fluctuations in either can harm animal populations.When the PalmPilot is attached to a base PC, the sightings can be downloaded and displayed on its screen as lines showing the movement and behaviour of individual animals as well as group

18、s. This allows movement and feeding patterns to be examined.Liebenberg hopes that as well as building a useful research tool these maps will give guidance on where tourists should be taken to optimise their chances of seeing elusive animals such as leopards and rhinos.“A tracker could check on the P

19、C where the latest sightings have been recorded and get a good idea where the best place would be to take tourists, “he says.“ It could mean that instead of having to pay for three days in the bush, tourists need only budget for two days.“The system is now being tested on a small scale but Liebenber

20、g says that it has already given more insight into changes in the feeding patterns of the desert species of the endangered black rhino.“What happened before was that a scientist Would come down from a university for a few days a year, make some observations and that would be it m the total knowledge

21、 of rhino eating pat terns,“ he says, “With the Cyber Tracker the bushmen were able to log where the rhinos were, what they were eating, and how much of that food was left. We found the rhinos change food every couple of months as a new type of plant flourishes. It was always assumed they ate the sa

22、me sorts of leaves and grass after the end of the dry season.“This has huge implications for rhino populations because the trackers data can show which other animals are eating what the rhinos feed on. In this case it was kudu, a common type of ante lope, which is often served in restaurants. In fut

23、ure, the park ranger will be able to look at the rhino population and what they are eating and, if there are too many kudu in the area, he can cull some so there is less competition for food. It may sound harsh, but kudu are common and this relative of the black rhino is not, so you dont want them t

24、o start losing condition.“Steventon, who works for Microsoft in Seattle, wrote the software for the Cyber Tracker. He has thought about upgrading the system so it can send back data from the field but is wary about doing so.“We would love to transmit data back by radio or satellite but we are worrie

25、d it could be intercepted by poachers who would love to get their hands on this sort of information,“ he says.The Kruger National Park, the main reserve in South Africa, is seeking funding to buy the system for its trackers. A group of researchers are already using Cyber Tracker in Namibia. In Zimba

26、bwe it is employed to monitor trees whose bark is used by local people for basket weaving. Researchers want to lead them to trees that can withstand stripping while others recover.To equip each researcher with a hand-help computer and the software should cost less than 500. The software in the base

27、station will cost each national park 700.The project was the brainchild of Liebenberg, who since a young age, has been captivated by the tracking skills of bushmen in his native South Africa. “When you consider one of these guys can look at a rhino print and identify the actual rhino it came from an

28、d whether it is injured, it seems crazy not to use their knowledge,“ he says.“We were a little worried about how they would take to the technology but theyre unbelievably quick at getting to grips with it - far better than most of the park managers, who can be technophobic.“The Cyber Tracker project

29、 won $ 50,000 funding last week in the Rolex Awards for Enterprise. The initiative was one of five award-winning projects. The others covered sea-horse preservation, ancient Bolivian textile reclamation, safer kerosene lamps for houses without electricity and their first expedition to explore and ma

30、p the eaves at the southern end of Patagonia in Chile.（分数：4.00）(1).What data can the handheld computers NOT record?（分数：1.00）A.The direction in which an animal is moving.B.The black market value of an animals skin.C.Fluctuations in water levels.D.The apparent state of an animals health.(2).If wildlif

31、e data is transmitted by radio or satellite _.（分数：1.00）A.poachers will learn where rare animals areB.the bushmen will go on strikeC.the Cyber Trackers will break downD.Microsoft will sue the Kruger National Park(3).Which of the following statements does the passage support?（分数：1.00）A.The new scheme

32、will eliminate the poaching in national parks.B.Bushmen are too poorly educated to use modem technology.C.Use of the Cyber Tracker will help to preserve rare animals.D.The new system has doomed the kudu population.(4).The tone of the passage is _.（分数：1.00）A.scientific and factualB.vague and imaginat

33、iveC.curious and enthusiasticD.worried and pessimisticBTEXT B/BSome heartening statistics were reported last year by the Journal of the National Cancer Institute: the mortality rate for breast cancer dropped nearly five percent between 1989 and 1992, the Largest decline since 1950. The numbers were

34、even more dramatic for young women: between 1987 and 1992, the mortality rate plummeted nearly 18 percent among white women younger than 40.But discouraging news also surfaced: the mortality rate among black women has gone up, and the number of reported breast cancer cases is rising as well. Twenty

35、years ago a womans lifetime risk of breast cancer was one in 12; now its one in eight.Nevertheless, were on the verge of a revolution in treating this disease. Researchers now have a clear picture of how a cancer cell becomes a tumor - and how cells break free from a tumor and glide through the bloo

36、dstream to seed a new one in another part of the body. And they better understand how the female hormone estrogen makes breast cancer cells grow. “I think were going to get this disease licked in my lifetime, “says Dr. Susan M. Love, director of the Revlon/ U. C. L. A. Breast Cancer Center in Los An

37、geles.Until that time, information is a womans most powerful tool. “A cancer diagnosis isnt an emergency.“ Dr. Love says. “A patient should take time to educate herself and find out what the options are. “Most of all, a woman needs to remember that breast cancer is not death sentence, and that more

38、than half of all women who develop it will live at least 15 years after their diagnosis.Much of todays good news centers on refining old therapies. Heres where we stand in treating breast cancer.Surgery and Radiation. The most dramatic change in breast cancer treatment in the past 20 years is that m

39、astectomy - removal of the entire breast and often part of the underlying chest muscle - is no longer considered the only safe course. The chances of survival are no greater after a mastectomy that after the less disfiguring lumpectomy - in which just the tumor is removed and the breast is left inta

40、ct-followed by radiation. “There are good reasons to choose mastectomy,“ says Dr. Larry Norton, chief of breast cancer medicine Manhattans Memorial Sloan-kettring Cancer Center. “But if youre a good candidate for lumpectomy, increasing your chances of a cure isnt one of those reasons.“For about 30 p

41、ercent of women, mastectomy is the only reasonable choice - for example, a woman with small breasts and a large tumor, or one whose tumor is disseminated throughout the breast. But concerns about which procedure to choose often have more to do with life-style and attitudes. A lumpectomy requires rad

42、iation following surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells, which can mean outpatient visits five days a week for five to seven weeks. Scheduling could be a problem. Nancy Reagan, for instance, decided to have a mastectomy because radiation treatments would have taken too much time.Many women, howe

43、ver, choose mastectomy out of fear and lack of information. Some patients are terrified of radiation and need to understand what its really all about, says Carol Fred, a clinical social worker at U. C. L. As Rhonda Fleming Mann Resource Center for Women with Cancer.After a lumpectomy the machine tha

44、t administers the treatment aims radioactive particles at the affected breast only. The treatments make most women tired and can sometimes leave the skin feeling sunburned. But the breast is not left radioactive.（分数：4.00）(1).Which statement cannot be inferred from the passage?（分数：1.00）A.The mortalit

45、y rate for breast cancer dropped.B.The mortality rate among black women has increased.C.The number of reported breast cancer cases is rising.D.A womans lifetime risk of breast cancer is rising.(2).Which statement do the researchers think is wrong?（分数：1.00）A.They know how a tumor is developed.B.They

46、know how a new tumor is seeded in the body.C.They know how the female hormone estrogen makes breast cancer cells grow.D.They know breast cancer is a death sentence to women.(3).Which statement does not agree with the text?（分数：1.00）A.Mastectomy is the only reasonable choice for a woman with small bre

47、ast and a large tumor.B.Life-style and attitudes also play a role in the choice.C.Many women make an improper decision in the treatment out of fear and lack of informa tion.D.Women are more likely to feel tired if they accept mastectomy.(4).Which statement is true according to the passage?（分数：1.00）A

48、.Mastectomy used to be considered the only safe course.B.The chances of survival after a mastectomy are greater than after lumpectomy.C.Mastectomy can decrease the patients chances of a care.D.Most women prefer lumpectomy.BTEXT C/BIt is incongruous that the number of British institutions offering MBA courses should have grown by 254 percent during a period when the economy has been sliding into deeper recession. Optimists, or those given to speedy assumptions, might think it marvellous to have such a resource of business schoo