专业八级-145及答案解析.doc

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1、专业八级-145 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING & ERRO(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)What is it that made Steve Jobs special? What can we learn from this once-in-a-lifetime entrepreneur? Steve Jobs was a visionary and he ensured that he took his company through his vision whenever he

2、was at helm. In 1 fact, during his decade long absent from Apple following his 2 ouster in 1985, Apple went through some tumultuous time for 3 the lack of quality leadership! One of the biggest obstacles which the church faces today is the lack of vision, especially 4 in its leaders. Although we set

3、 out with and towards a good 5 vision, the church is just going to be a four-walled structure. Quite often, this results not just from lack of growth, but a 6 slow, but steady stagnation. Steve Jobs thought ahead. Always. He never went out with 7 the flow, and was always one or more steps ahead of t

4、he rest, 8 perfectly showcased with the launches of path-breaking product like the iPhone, iPod, and iPad! His approach was 9 “people don“t know what they want. We tell them and give them that.“ How amazing it would be if believers have the 10 same approach? We are often happy with what we have and

5、we just go on with our Sunday-to-Sunday routine! Do we realise the fact that people around us don“t quite know that they are lost? They won“t approach us (more often than not) with their needs. We need to recognise their need that they may not even know about.（分数：25.00）三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)App

6、lications outside the Earth“s atmosphere are clearly a good fit for robots. It is dangerous for humans to get to space, to be in space and to return from space. Keeping robots operating reliably in space presents some unique challenges to engineers. The ultra-high vacuum in space 1 prevents the use

7、from most types of lubricants. The 2 temperatures can swing wildly depending on whether the robot is in the sun light or shade. But, of course, there is 3 almost no gravity. This is actually more of an opportunity than a challenge and leads to the possibility of some unique designs. The conceptual r

8、obot has 21 independent joints. On earth it would be possible for this robot to support its own 4 weight, but in space, the design presents some unique capabilities. The robot can reach around obstacles and through out port holes. The robot also possesses a huge 5 degree of fault tolerance. It can c

9、ontinue to operate with excellent dexterity even after several joints fail. NASA decided to develop a $288-million Flight Telerobotics Servicer (FTS) in 1987 to help astronauts assemble the Space Station, which was growing bigger and complex with each redesign. Shown here is the winning 6 robot desi

10、gn by Martin Marietta, who received a $297-million contract in May 1989 to develop a vehicle by 1993. About the best thing which can be said for the FTS 7 project was that it generated a lot of lessons learned. The robot never flew and never will because it was never 8 completed. This project demons

11、trated that fault tolerance gone wildly will doom a robot. The robot had so many 9 redundant systems that there was just so much to go wrong. 10 （分数：25.00）四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Today“s kindergarteners are heavier than kids brought up in the 1970s and 1980s and appear to be on the road to become

12、 1 overweight and obese in the years to come, a new study finds. “It“s not just kids are already overweight getting more and more 2 so, there is an entire shift. Even those who are abnormal weight 3 are gaining weight,“ said lead study author Ashlesha Datar, serious economist at RAND Corp. in Santa

13、Monica, Calif. 4 Researchers analyzed data on to nearly 6,000 white, black and 5 Hispanic children who participated in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-a nationally representative example-and 6 had their height and weight measure over nine years, in 7 kindergarten, first, third, fifth and eigh

14、th grades. The study found nearly 40 percent of kindergarteners had a body mass index (BMI) in the 75th percentile or above, down 8 from 25 percent in the 1970s and 1980s, when the growth charts are developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and 9 Prevention. While a BMI in the 75th percentil

15、e is still in the normal range, that child may be headed for being overweight or obese, Datar said. And if they“re already at the 75th percentile in kindergarten, they don“t have far to go before they tip the 10 overweight or obese category, which puts them at risk of serious health problems as adul

16、ts.（分数：25.00）五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Forget expensive educational DVDs and private tutors, the secret to smart children could be so simple as giving birth 1 to them two years apart. Researchers who studied thousands of children found two-year gap to be optimum in boosting brain 2 power. Any short

17、er, and the reading and maths skills of the older child dipped. The effect was strongest between the first and second-born, but siblings in bigger families are also 3 benefited. The theory comes from Kasey Buckles, an economist whose own children are, rather unfortunately, just over two years 4 apar

18、t in age. She said it is likely that the difference in academic achievement is linked to the time and resources parents can invest in a child before a young sibling arrives. 5 However, waiting for more than two years did not increase 6 the advantage, the Journal of Human Resources will report. Sibli

19、ngs with a two-year spacing include Albert Einstein and sister Maja, and Lord Attenborough and younger brother David. Kasey Buckles, who lead the study told the Sunday 7 Times: “We believe this is the first time anyone has established a casual benefit to increase the spacing between siblings.“ The s

20、tudy also showed that gaps between children in larger families was also beneficial. Buckles told the newspaper: “The 8 two year gap is significant because the early years are the most important in a child“s development so dividing your time when the child is one is more harmful than dividing it when

21、 the child is already at school.“ The effect more pronounced in 9 families with lower incomes, as those with less money could 10 spend to compromise for lack of time.（分数：25.00）专业八级-145 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PROOFREADDING & ERRO(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：25.00)What is it that made Stev

22、e Jobs special? What can we learn from this once-in-a-lifetime entrepreneur? Steve Jobs was a visionary and he ensured that he took his company through his vision whenever he was at helm. In 1 fact, during his decade long absent from Apple following his 2 ouster in 1985, Apple went through some tumu

23、ltuous time for 3 the lack of quality leadership! One of the biggest obstacles which the church faces today is the lack of vision, especially 4 in its leaders. Although we set out with and towards a good 5 vision, the church is just going to be a four-walled structure. Quite often, this results not

24、just from lack of growth, but a 6 slow, but steady stagnation. Steve Jobs thought ahead. Always. He never went out with 7 the flow, and was always one or more steps ahead of the rest, 8 perfectly showcased with the launches of path-breaking product like the iPhone, iPod, and iPad! His approach was 9

25、 “people don“t know what they want. We tell them and give them that.“ How amazing it would be if believers have the 10 same approach? We are often happy with what we have and we just go on with our Sunday-to-Sunday routine! Do we realise the fact that people around us don“t quite know that they are

26、lost? They won“t approach us (more often than not) with their needs. We need to recognise their need that they may not even know about.（分数：25.00）解析：atthe解析 词汇错误。at the helm 是固定搭配，表示“掌权”，其中 the不能省略，故此处要加上 the。解析：absentabsence解析 语法错误。during 为介词，后面需跟名词性短语作宾语。his decade long作定语，短语中心词应为名词 absence。解析：time

27、times解析 词汇错误。本题考查的是 time作为可数名词和不可数名词的不同用法。time在表示“时间”的时候，为不可数名词；在表示“次数，时刻”的时候，为可数名词。此句的意义从上下文判断为“苹果公司经历了一些动荡的时刻”，time 在句中应为可数名词，需加 s。解析：whichthat解析 语法错误。本题考查的是定语从句引导词 which和 that的区别。当定语从句的先行词为“one of+形容词最高级+名词复数”的形式时，引导词必须用 that，不能用 which。解析：AlthoughUnless解析 语篇错误。上文提到“如今教堂最大的障碍之一就是缺乏远见”，而此句的后半句讲“教堂将

28、只会成为四面墙的建筑物”，由此推断这应该是缺乏远见的结果，故 Although不符合语义，应该是 Unless，表示“除非我们开始就富有远见并不断朝着这个方向发展，否则”。解析：fromin解析 语篇错误。本题考查的是动词短语 result in和 result from的区别。result in后接结果，而 result from后接表原因的短语。根据逻辑意义判断，“缺乏成长，增长缓慢”是导致的结果，而不是原因。解析：out out 解析 词汇错误。本题考查的是 go with the flow“随波逐流”，这是固定搭配，应删掉 out。解析：andbut解析 语篇错误。上文提及“他从不随波

29、逐流”，此处说“总是先人一步或好几步”。重在强调后句的语义，应该为转折关系。解析：productproducts解析 词汇错误。本句提到“开创性的产品”，显而易见，这样的产品正如后文所提到的 iPhone、iPod、iPad，不止一种，应为复数形式。解析：havehad解析 语法错误。本题考查的是虚拟语气，这里表示与现在事实相反的情况，主句用了would do形式，从句谓语动词应该用过去时。三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Applications outside the Earth“s atmosphere are clearly a good fit for robot

30、s. It is dangerous for humans to get to space, to be in space and to return from space. Keeping robots operating reliably in space presents some unique challenges to engineers. The ultra-high vacuum in space 1 prevents the use from most types of lubricants. The 2 temperatures can swing wildly depend

31、ing on whether the robot is in the sun light or shade. But, of course, there is 3 almost no gravity. This is actually more of an opportunity than a challenge and leads to the possibility of some unique designs. The conceptual robot has 21 independent joints. On earth it would be possible for this ro

32、bot to support its own 4 weight, but in space, the design presents some unique capabilities. The robot can reach around obstacles and through out port holes. The robot also possesses a huge 5 degree of fault tolerance. It can continue to operate with excellent dexterity even after several joints fai

33、l. NASA decided to develop a $288-million Flight Telerobotics Servicer (FTS) in 1987 to help astronauts assemble the Space Station, which was growing bigger and complex with each redesign. Shown here is the winning 6 robot design by Martin Marietta, who received a $297-million contract in May 1989 t

34、o develop a vehicle by 1993. About the best thing which can be said for the FTS 7 project was that it generated a lot of lessons learned. The robot never flew and never will because it was never 8 completed. This project demonstrated that fault tolerance gone wildly will doom a robot. The robot had

35、so many 9 redundant systems that there was just so much to go wrong. 10 （分数：25.00）解析：tofor解析 词汇错误。“给某人提出挑战”用 present challenges for sb.的句式，故介词应该用 for。解析：fromof解析 词汇错误。原文虽有 prevent一词。但并不是 prevent sb. from doing sth.的固定搭配，句子含义为“阻止了大多不同种类润滑剂的使用”，从意思上可判断 use和 most types of lubricants之间是从属关系，应用 of。解析：But

36、And/Besides解析 语篇错误。上文都是在讲太空状况对机器人设计者提出的挑战，本题所在句子是在上文基础上的延伸。“在太空中，几乎是没有重力的。”言外之意，因为处于失重状态，设计时必须考虑到在地球上和在太空上的区别。所以本题所在句子是一种递进关系，而不是转折关系。解析：possibleimpossible解析 语篇错误。下文用 but转折，说“设计呈现一些独特的能力”，反过来可以推断此处是说“机器人没有能力在地球上支持自身重量”，possible 不符合语义逻辑，应改成impossible才对。解析：out out 解析 词汇错误。此处表示“机器人能绕过障碍物，穿越舷窗”，“穿越舷窗”包括

37、进和出，而 out只表示“出”，属于用词多余，故删。解析：complexmore解析 语法错误。与 complex并列的 bigger已经用了比较级形式，complex 也应该用形容词比较级形式，因其为多音节单词，在其前面加 more即可。解析：whichthat解析 语法错误。当先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句必须用 that引导，不能用 which。解析：willfly解析 语法错误。never will fly 中的 fly不能省略，一旦省略，则表示与 and之前的 flew为同一词，然而不存在 never will flew的用法，will 后只能跟动词原形，所以 fly必须补上

38、。解析：wildlywild解析 语法错误。gone 是系动词，其后应该接形容词，故 wildly应该改成 wild。此处 gone wild作后置定语，修饰 fault tolerance。解析：sotoo解析 词汇错误。由 so many redundant systems可知此处应该是说不容易出错，用too.to结构表示“太以致不能”，so 应该改成 too。四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Today“s kindergarteners are heavier than kids brought up in the 1970s and 1980s and appea

39、r to be on the road to become 1 overweight and obese in the years to come, a new study finds. “It“s not just kids are already overweight getting more and more 2 so, there is an entire shift. Even those who are abnormal weight 3 are gaining weight,“ said lead study author Ashlesha Datar, serious econ

40、omist at RAND Corp. in Santa Monica, Calif. 4 Researchers analyzed data on to nearly 6,000 white, black and 5 Hispanic children who participated in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-a nationally representative example-and 6 had their height and weight measure over nine years, in 7 kindergarten,

41、 first, third, fifth and eighth grades. The study found nearly 40 percent of kindergarteners had a body mass index (BMI) in the 75th percentile or above, down 8 from 25 percent in the 1970s and 1980s, when the growth charts are developed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and 9 Prevention. Whil

42、e a BMI in the 75th percentile is still in the normal range, that child may be headed for being overweight or obese, Datar said. And if they“re already at the 75th percentile in kindergarten, they don“t have far to go before they tip the 10 overweight or obese category, which puts them at risk of se

43、rious health problems as adults.（分数：25.00）解析：becomebecoming解析 语法错误。on the road to 中的 to是介词，后面要跟动名词形式。解析：arewho解析 语法错误。此句的主谓为 It“s，所以 are应该是从句中的成分。kids 后面应该是接一个定语从句，缺引导词 who。解析：abnormalnormal解析 语篇错误。句首 Even一词加重语气，由此可推断此处指“甚至那些体重正常的学生体重也在增长”，abnormal 应该改成 normal。解析：serioussenior解析 词汇错误。全文主要说的是儿童的肥胖问题，

44、此处被修饰的词 economist表示身份，可推断修饰词应该表示级别，而不是要表示专家是否“严肃”，serious 改成其形近词 senior符合语境，表示“高级经济学家”。解析：to to 解析 词汇错误。“关于的数据”直接用 data on.，此处的 to是多余的，故删除。解析：examplesample解析 词汇错误。example 表示“例子”，而此处是指 6000多个孩子作为统计“样本”，应该是 sample。解析：measuremeasured解析 语法错误。本题考查的是 have sth. done的结构，意为“(让别人)把某事做成”。measure 应该用过去分词形式 meas

45、ured，表示“身高和体重被测量”。解析：downup解析 语篇错误。文章谈及的是幼儿园学生肥胖情况有所增加。故 BMI(体重指数)应该是比以前增高而不是降低，所以 down要改成 up。解析：arewere解析 语法错误。此句的语境时间指的是上文的七八十年代，所以应该用过去时态。解析：tipinto解析 词汇错误。tip 在这里作动词，根据下文的 category(体重等级)可推断此处动词有“加入”之义，tip 只有作不及物动词时才有该义，与 into搭配，原义表示“把倒人容器”，故应加 into。五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：25.00)Forget expensive edu

46、cational DVDs and private tutors, the secret to smart children could be so simple as giving birth 1 to them two years apart. Researchers who studied thousands of children found two-year gap to be optimum in boosting brain 2 power. Any shorter, and the reading and maths skills of the older child dipp

47、ed. The effect was strongest between the first and second-born, but siblings in bigger families are also 3 benefited. The theory comes from Kasey Buckles, an economist whose own children are, rather unfortunately, just over two years 4 apart in age. She said it is likely that the difference in acade

48、mic achievement is linked to the time and resources parents can invest in a child before a young sibling arrives. 5 However, waiting for more than two years did not increase 6 the advantage, the Journal of Human Resources will report. Siblings with a two-year spacing include Albert Einstein and sist

49、er Maja, and Lord Attenborough and younger brother David. Kasey Buckles, who lead the study told the Sunday 7 Times: “We believe this is the first time anyone has established a casual benefit to increase the spacing between siblings.“ The study also showed that gaps between children in larger families was also beneficial. Buckles told the newspaper: “The 8 two year gap is significant because the early years are the most important in a child“s development so dividing your time when the child