职称英语理工类B级真题2009年及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 B 级真题 2009 年及答案解析(总分：232.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Would you please call my husband as soon as possible?（分数：1.00）A.visitB.phoneC.consultD.invite2.We bad a long conversation about her parents.（分数：1.00）A.speechB.questionC.talkD.debate3.The chairman proposed that we stop

2、the meeting.（分数：1.00）A.statedB.announcedC.demandedD.suggested4.Obviously these people can be relied on in a crisis.（分数：1.00）A.lived onB.depended onC.believed inD.joined in5.There is always excitement at the olympic Games when an athlete breaks a record.（分数：1.00）A.beatsB.maintainsC.matchesD.tries6.Al

3、l the pupils seem to be very cheerful.（分数：1.00）A.happyB.healthyC.naughtyD.busy7.The traditional paintings are exhibited on the second floor.（分数：1.00）A.laidB.displayedC.keptD.stored8.She stood there, shaking with fury.（分数：1.00）A.mysteryB.laughterC.angerD.cry9.Mary evidently is the most diligent stude

4、nt among us.（分数：1.00）A.intelligentB.beautifulC.talkativeD.hardworking10.UPersistent/U attempts to interview Garbo were fruitless.（分数：1.00）A.ForcefulB.ReasonableC.ContinuousD.Firm11.Why cant you stop your eternal complaining?（分数：1.00）A.longB.everlastingC.temporaryD.boring12.Hundreds of buildings were

5、 wrecked by the earthquake.（分数：1.00）A.damagedB.shakenC.fallenD.jumped13.These paintings are considered by many to be authentic.（分数：1.00）A.faithf1B.royalC.sincereD.genuine14.Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics.（分数：1.00）A.simplicityB.attractionC.powerD.rigor15.Ten years afte

6、r the event,her death still remains a puzzle.（分数：1.00）A.mistB.fogC.secretD.mystery二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。BRadiocarbon Dating/BNowadays scientists can answer many questions about the past through a technique called ra

7、diocarbon (放射), or carbon-14, dating. One key to understanding how and why something happened is to discover when it happened.Radiocarbon dating was developed in the late 1940s by physicist Willard F. Libby at the University of Chicago. An atom of ordinary carbon, called carbon-12, has six protons (

8、质子) and six neutrons (中子) in its nucleus(原子核). Carbon-14,or C-14,is a radioactive,unstable form of carbon that has two extra neutrons. It returns to a more stable form of carbon through a process called decay(衰减). This process involves the loss of the extra neutrons and energy from the nucleus.In Li

9、bbys radiocarbon dating technique, the weak radioactive emissions (放射)from this decay process are counted by instruments such as a radiation detector and counter. The decay rate is used to determine the proportion of C-14 atoms in the sample being dated.Carbon-14 is produced in the Earths atmosphere

10、 when nitrogen(氮)-14,or N-14,interacts with cosmie rays(宇宙射线). Scientists believe since the Earth was formed, the amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere has remained constant. Consequently,C-14 formation is thought to occur at a constant rate. Now the ratio of C-14 to other carbon atoms in the atmosph

11、ere is known. Most scientists agree that this ratio is useful for dating items back to at least 50,000 years.All life on Earth is made of organic molecules(分子)that contain carbon atoms coming from the atraosphere. So all living things have about the same ratio of C-14 atoms to other carbon atoms in

12、their tissues(组织). Once an organism(有机体)dies it stops taking in carbon in any form, and the C-14 already ,resent begins to decay. Over time the amount of C-14 in the material decreases, and the ratio of C-14 to other carbon atoms goes down. In terms of radiocarbon dating,the fewer C-14 atoms in a sa

13、mple,the older that sample is.（分数：7.00）(1).Nowadays many scientists depend on radiocarbon for dating age-old objects.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(2).The radiocarbon dating technique is only about 40 years old.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(3).An atom of ordinary carbon has six

14、protons and eight neutrons.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(4).Radar is used to determine the characteristics of radiocarbon.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(5).Radiocarbon is reliable in dating an object back to at least 50,000 years.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(6).When

15、an organism dies,the C-14 in it begins to decay.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(7).The half-life of C-14 is about 25,000 years.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：20.00)下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 14 段每段选择 1 个最佳标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子

16、确定 1 个最佳选项。BChimpanzees/B 1. Chimpanzees(黑猩猩)will soon be extinct(灭绝). If the present rate of hunting and habitat(栖息地)destruction continues, then within 20 years,there will be no chimpanzees living in the wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy(悲剧). Chimpanzee extinction may al

17、so have profound implications (含意)for the survival of their distant relatives - human beings. 2. In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes(基因组)match by over 98%. Compare this to the mouse used as model for human disease in lab tests,whi

18、ch shares only 60% of its DNA with us. In fact, chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other spectes of monkey. As well as resembling US genetically, chimps are highly intelligent and able to use tools. These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgen

19、t priority(优先). But there is another,more selfish reason to preserve the chimp. 3. The chimpanzeestrump card(王牌)comes in the field of medical research. Chimpanzees are so similar to humans that veterinarians(兽医)often refer to human medical textbooks when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differ

20、ences in several key areas. In particular, chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases. It is this ability that is so interesting. 4. For example,chimps seem to show a much higher resistance than humans to HIV,the virus that causes AIDS. Indeed, their use as experimental animals in

21、AIDS research has declined because they are so resistant. 5. By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing(找到)the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans, scientists hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to som

22、e diseases. This, they hope, will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or even the alteration(gila)of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequencing project

23、 has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach. A. Genetic Differences Between Chimps and Humans B. Reasons for HIV Resistance C. Implications of Chimpanzee Extinction for Humans D. Effective AIDS Treatment E. Genetic Similarities Between Chimps and Humans F. Chimps Resistance to HIV（分数

24、：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(2).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(3).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.A. healthier lifestyle B. some human disease treatments C. some diseases D. human survival E. human genomes F. key areas（分数：16.00）(1).Chimpanzee e

25、xtinction may affect_（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(2).There is a difference of less than 2%between the chimp and_（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(3).Scientists suspect that genes play a significant role in protecting chimps from getting_（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).The discovery of the genetic code of chimps will be helpf

26、ul to_（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：165.00)请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1 个最佳选项。B第一篇/BBWater/BThe second most important constituent (构成成份) of the biosphere (生物圈) is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures,since water freezes at 0 and boils at 100. Life as we know i

27、t would only be possible on the surface of a planet which had temperatures somewhere within this narrow range.The earths supply of water probably remains fairly constant in quantity. The total quantity of water is not known very accurately,but it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to

28、a depth of about two and three-quarter kilometers. Most of it is in the form of the salt water of the oceans - about 97 percent. The rest is fresh,but three-quarters of this is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems until melted. Of the remaining fract

29、ion,which is somewhat less than one percent of the whole,there is 1020 times as much stored underground water as there is actually on the surface. There is also a tiny, but extremely important Bfraction/B of the water supply which is present as water vapour in the atmosphere.Water vapour in the atmo

30、sphere is the channel through which the whole water circulation(循环)of the biosphere has to pass. Water evaporated(蒸发)from the surface of the oceans, from lakes and rivers and from moist(潮湿的)earth is added to it. From it the water comes out again as rain or snow,falling on either the sea or the land.

31、 There is,as might be expected,a more intensive evaporation per unit area over the sea and oceans than over the land, but there is more rainfall over the land than over the oceans and the balance is restored by the runoff from the land in the form of rivers.（分数：15.00）(1).Liquid water only exists（分数：

32、3.00）A.in the center of the earthB.on the surface of our planetC.in a very narrow range of temperaturesD.in the coastal areas of the earth(2).The total quantity of water on Earth（分数：3.00）A.remains almost unchangedB.has greatly increased in recent yearsC.is decreasing constantlyD.is affected by globa

33、l warming(3).Most of the flesh water on Earth（分数：3.00）A.is stored undergroundB.is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountainsC.is found in rivers and lakesD.comes from the rain(4).The word “fraction“ in the second paragraph means（分数：3.00）A.a very small amountB.a large areaC.an important systemD

34、.a major source of information(5).There is more rainfall（分数：3.00）A.over the mountains than over the riversB.over the rivers than over the mountainsC.over the oceans than over the landD.over the land than over the oceansB第二篇/BBMind-reading Machine/BA team of researchers in California has developed a

35、way to predict what kinds of objects people are looking at by scanning(扫描)whats happening in their brains.When you look at something, your eyes send a signal about that object to your brain. Different regions of the brain process the information your eyes send. Cells in your brain called neurons(神经元

36、)are responsible for this processing.The fMRl(functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)(功能怕磁振造影)brain scans could generally match electrical activity in the brain to the basic shape of a picture that someone was looking at.Like ceils anywhere else in your body, active neurons use oxygen. Blood brings o

37、xygen to the neurons, and the more active a neuron is, the more oxygen it will consume. The more active a region of the brain, the more active its neurons,and in turn, the more blood will travel to that region. And by using fMRI, scientists can visualize(使显现) which parts of the brain receive more ox

38、ygen-rich blood - and therefore, which parts are working to process information.An fMRI machine is a device that scans the brain and measures changes in blood flow to the brain. The technology shows researchers how brain activity changes when a person thinks, looks at something, or carries out an ac

39、tivity like speaking or reading. By Bhighlighting the areas of the brain at work/B when a person looks at different images, fMRI may help scientists determine specific patterns of brain activity associated with different kinds of images.The California researchers tested brain activity by having two

40、volunteers view hundreds of pictures of everyday objects, like people, animals, and fruits. The scientists used an fMRI machine to record the volunteers brain activity with each photograph they looked at. Different objects caused different regions of the volunteers brains to light up on the scan, in

41、dicating activity. The scientists used this information to build a model to predict how the brain might respond to any image the eyes see.In a second test, the scientists asked the volunteers to look at 120 new pictures. Like before, their brains were scanned every time they looked at a new image. T

42、his time, the scientists used their model to match the fMRI scans to the image. For example, if a scan in the second test showed the same pattern of brain activity that was strongly related to pictures of apples in the first test, their model would have predicted the volunteers were looking at apple

43、s.（分数：75.00）(1).What is responsible for processing the information sent by your eyes?（分数：15.00）A.The magnetic system in the brainB.The central part of the heartC.Neurons in the brainD.Oxygen-rich blood(2).The function of an fMRI machine is（分数：15.00）A.to show how neutrons take in oxygen-rich bloodB.t

44、o measure how dense the blood is in the brainC.to identify which parts of the brain are processing informationD.to record how much oxygen the brain consumes(3).The expression “highlighting the areas of the brain at work“in paragraph 5 means（分数：15.00）A.marking the parts of the brain that are processi

45、ng informationB.giving light to the parts of the brain that are processing informationC.puking the parts of the brain to workD.preventing the parts of the brain from working(4).The researchers experimented on（分数：15.00）A.animals and objectsB.fMRI machinesC.thousands of picturesD.two volunteers(5).Whi

46、ch of the following can best replace the title of the passage?（分数：15.00）A.Your Thoughts Can Be ScannedB.Recent Development in Science and TechnologyC.A Technological DreamD.An Intelligent RobotB第三篇/BBYouth Emancipation in Spain/BThe Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults s

47、till living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.Around 55 percent of people aged 18434 in Spain still sleep in their parents home,says the latest re- port from the countrys state-run Institute of Youth.To coax(劝诱) young people from their homes,the Institute started a “

48、Youth Emancipation(解放)“ programme this month. The programme offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.Economists blame young peoples family dependence on the precarious(不稳定的)labour market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2000.Cultural reasons also cont

49、ribute to the problem, say sociologists(社会学家). Family ties in south Europe -Italy, Portugal and Greece - are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish soiologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report “The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth. Key for Understanding“.“In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized,“ said M