职称英语卫生类B级-19及答案解析.doc
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1、职称英语卫生类 B级-19 及答案解析(总分:100.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、B第 1部分:词汇选项/B(总题数:15,分数:15.00)1.Many difficult words are outside the scope of this learners.(分数:1.00)A.awarenessB.distanceC.rangeD.aim2.Every experience teaches the people something and the effects are cumulative.(分数:1.00)A.increasingB.conspicuousC.noticeab
2、leD.dubious3.The attack on Fort Sumter near Charleston provoked a sharp response from the North, which led to the American Civil War.(分数:1.00)A.demandedB.elicitedC.expeditedD.defied4.Our interests were quite distinct from these of the managers.(分数:1.00)A.differentB.gratefulC.nobleD.mature5.He devote
3、s his time to the acquisition of knowledge.(分数:1.00)A.achievementB.handleC.obtainingD.provision6.Merge the following two short sentences into one new sentence.(分数:1.00)A.SplitB.BreakC.CombineD.Divide7.The road was covered with snow and ice. So I slithered very often.(分数:1.00)A.walked slowlyB.looked
4、aroundC.slipped unsteadilyD.fell to the ground8.Benjamin Rush established the first free dispensary in the United States.(分数:1.00)A.clinicB.schoolC.libraryD.university9.Im sceptical of the teams chances of winning.(分数:1.00)A.hesitateB.doubtfulC.humbleD.irritable10.The womans scowl showed she was not
5、 satisfied with the service here.(分数:1.00)A.ironic expressionB.bad-tempered lookC.good lookingD.tricky look11.The consumption of beer did not go down when the tax was raised.(分数:1.00)A.productionB.priceC.expenseD.value12.She had to look after a house, a big garden and five dogs into the bargain.(分数:
6、1.00)A.in additionB.includingC.exceptD.in all13.Because of the strong sun Mrs. William new blue dining-room curtains faded to gray within a year.(分数:1.00)A.window coveringsB.cushionsC.curvesD.screens14.Many rich men only drive old, unpretentious cars.(分数:1.00)A.ordinaryB.second-handC.luxuryD.shabby1
7、5.My wife has been exerting a lot of pressure on me to change my job.(分数:1.00)A.exhaustingB.demonstratingC.usingD.exhibiting二、B第 2部分:阅读判断/B(总题数:1,分数:7.00)Antibiotic resistance doesnt just make pathogens(病原体) difficult to treat, It also makes them harder to track Traditionally, epidemiologists(流行病专家)
8、following the paths of disease-causing microbes have identified their suspects by features of bacterial polysaccharide(多糖) coats, susceptibility to different antibiotics, or other schemes But these tracking techniques “are losing their relevance (相关性,实用性), “says Alexander Tomasz, a microbiologist at
9、 Rockefeller University in New York City. With the increase in drug resistance, a variety of resistant microbes can now wear the same coat or be resistant to the same drugs, making it harder and harder to keep tabs on individual strains (菌株). Epidemiologists, therefore, are increasingly turning to m
10、ore precise molecular typing techniques, such as DNA fingerprinting, to distinguish resistant strains. DNA typing tools are, of course, not new. Indeed, some DNA-based methods, such as comparing plasmids (质体)(small rings of DNA outside the chromosomes 染色体), have been used by epidemiologists to track
11、 infections since the 1970s. but since plasmid DNA is transferred easily and often between different strains, that technique too has its limitations. More recent techniques use restriction enzymes to cut apart entire bacterial chromosomes into strain-specific fragment patterns, Another method uses s
12、pecific radiolabeled (放射标汇的) DNA probes, in a technique known as Southern hybridization(杂交), to test for the presence of a particular drug-resistance gene in a bacterial strain. “Such tools give epidemiologists, unprecedented resolving power for identifying reservoirs and transition routes of genes
13、and pathogens, “says Tomasz. That has helped researchers track a number of drug-resistant clones as they travel vast distances. Such tracking methods also “help us learn about the mechanism of resistance, “says CDC(疾病控制和预防中心) epidemiologist Robert Breiman. Resistance grows, he explains, either as on
14、e resistant organism spreads from one location to the nextas in the Brazilian MRSA(耐甲氧苯青素金黄色葡萄球菌)or as different strains and even species of microbes share the genes responsible for drug resistance, as a series of studies of vancomycin(万古霉素) resistance recently demonstrated. That knowledge also help
15、s public health officials combat the spread. If resistance spreads “horizontallyas a microbe increases its range, Breiman says its important to focus prevention efforts on minimizing person-to-person spread in hospitals and day-care centers. If, however, resistance genes are jumping between organism
16、s, that suggests that overly aggressive antibiotic treatment is encouraging nonresistant bugs to acquire new genes. “In such cases, the focus needs to be on controlling anti-microbial use, “says Breiman. The hoped-for result: fewer infections to track. (分数:7.00)(1).Aspirin is one of the worlds oldes
17、t pain remedies.(分数:1.00)A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(2).Antibiotic resistance makes pathogens neither more difficult to treat nor harder to track.(分数:1.00)A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(3).According to Alexander Tomasz, the traditional tracking techniques are turning out to be
18、 efficient.(分数:1.00)A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(4).The experts of epidemiology are trying more precise molecular trying techniques so as to distinguish resistant strains.(分数:1.00)A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(5).Using specific radio-labeled DNA probes provides epidemiologists
19、 unprecedented resolving power for identifying reservoir and transition routes of genes and pathogens.(分数:1.00)A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned(6).It is of vital importance to concentrate prevention efforts on minimizing person-to-person spread.(分数:1.00)A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mention
20、ed(7).This enzyme manufactures prostaglandins, substances that cause pain and inflammation.(分数:1.00)A.A. Right B.B. Wrong C.C. Not mentioned三、B第 3部分:概括大意与完成句子(总题数:1,分数:8.00)1. AIDS is the final, life-threatening stage of infection with human immuno-deficiency virus(HIV). AIDS stands for acquired imm
21、uno-deficiency syndrome. The name refers to the fact that HIV severely damages the patients disease-fighting immune system. Cases of AIDS were first identified in 1981 in the United States, but researchers have traced cases to as early as 1969. Millions of AIDS cases have been diagnosed worldwide. 2
22、. AIDS is caused by two viruses that belong to a group called retroviruses. The first AIDS virus was isolated by researchers in France in 1983 and researchers in the United States in 1984. This virus became known as HIV-1. in 1985, scientists in France identified another closely related virus that a
23、lso produces AIDS. This virus, named HIV-2, occurs mainly in Africa. HIV-1 occurs throughout the world.3. People infected with HIV eventually develop symptoms that also may be caused by other, less serious conditions. With HIV infection, however, these symptoms are prolonged and often more severe. T
24、hey include enlarged lymph glands, tiredness, fever, loss of appetite and weight, diarrhea, yeast infections of the mouth and vagina, and night sweats. 4. An HIV-infected person may develop AIDS from 2 to 15 or more years after becoming infected. In children born with HIV infection, this interval is
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- 职称 英语 卫生 19 答案 解析 DOC
