职称英语卫生类A级真题2015年及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 A 级真题 2015 年及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、第一部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Different hypotheses have been put forward to explain why UFOs exist.（分数：1.00）A.sentenceB.commentsC.conclusionsD.theories2.She is a lovely gracious woman. （分数：1.00）A.courteousB.curiousC.quietD.shy3.She hugged me like an old

2、 friend and invited me to dinner the next day. （分数：1.00）A.embracedB.heldC.kissedD.patted4.It was unfortunate that she had erased the message. （分数：1.00）A.Heard ofB.looked atC.spoken outD.rubbed out5.He never grumbled about working overtime. （分数：1.00）A.talkedB.wroteC.spokeD.complained6.To start with，

3、we need to decide who will preside over the meeting.（分数：1.00）A.chairB.attendC.celebrateD.prepare7.I must apologize for my outrageous behavior. （分数：1.00）A.courageousB.greedyC.angryD.glorious8.I think she made a blunder by announcing it ahead of time. （分数：1.00）A.decisionB.mistakeC.promiseD.plan9.He ca

4、me back home， weary and fatigued.（分数：1.00）A.scaredB.worriedC.exhaustedD.frightened10.I have to apologize for my abrupt departure yesterday. （分数：1.00）A.LateB.unfriendlyC.suddenD.unfold11.He was obsessed with American horror movies. （分数：1.00）A.kept thinking aboutB.took advantage ofC.paid no attention

5、toD.cared nothing about12.You accusation is wholly without foundation. （分数：1.00）A.almostB.probablyC.completelyD.evidently13.My room is really very cosy. （分数：1.00）A.coolB.comfortableC.coldD.clean14.Some astronomers contend that the universe may be younger than previously believed. （分数：1.00）A.predictB

6、.argueC.thinkD.suggest15.The woman living next door is extremely slender. （分数：1.00）A.tallB.weakC.slimD.pale二、第二部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)One-third of parents lack facts about child development One-third of parents of babies have a surprisingly low knowledge of child development, including basic concepts

7、 about what their children should know or how they should act, a new study finds. For instance, the study found that many parents dont know that 1-year-olds cant tell the difference between right and wrong, and often dont cooperate or share when playing with other children. The results are surprisin

8、g because the parents who took part in the survey had young children, said lead author Dr. Heather Paradis, a pediatric fellow at the University of Rochester Medical Center, in New York.“They were watching or had just watched their kids go through this development, and they were probably the most kn

9、owledgeable of anybody.“ Paradis and her colleagues examined the results of a survey of parents - 98.6 percent of whom were mothers - of more than 10,000 9-month-old babies. As part of the survey, the parents were asked 11 questions designed to test their knowledge of a babys development. The resear

10、chers also examined what the parents said about their interactions with their children, and watched videotapes of how the parents taught new things to their kids. One-third of those surveyed incorrectly answered four or more of the questions. Even when the researchers adjusted the statistics to acco

11、unt for such factors as education levels and income, those parents were still less likely to enjoy “healthy interactions“ with their children. A lack of proper understanding of a childs development can cause assorted problems, Paradis said. For example, she said, a mother might expect an 18-month-ol

12、d child to sit still for a doctors appointment, even though children that age are normally curious and like to wander around. “A mom could misinterpret a childs normal curiosity as intentionally being defiant, and could respond with harsh discipline, withdrawal of affection and repetition of that pa

13、ttern over time,“ Paradis said. “That could hinder the childs potential for full growth and development.“ The findings were to be presented Sunday at the Pediatric Academic Societies meeting in Honolulu. One solution, Paradis said, is for pediatricians to take a more active role in educating new par

14、ents. “By improving knowledge of child development among all parents, not just those who are at highest risk, theres an opportunity to enhance parent-child interaction,“ she said. “It can ultimately lead to better parenting.“（分数：7.00）(1).A majority of parents of babies know little about child develo

15、pment.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Babies of one wear old have no sense of right or wrong.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).The parents surveyed were asked 11 questions on child development.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Most American families are nuclear rather than

16、extended ones.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Most mothers with young children prefer to stay at home.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Children of one and a half years old like to sit still.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Parent-child interaction can in no way be improve

17、d.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(第 233(总题数：1，分数：8.00)Ebola Outbreak 1.You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are batting an Ebola Outbreak. Ebola is a dangerous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contracted the virus by eating

18、 the meat of rare animals .It is now believed that bats are the primary carries of the virus. 2. To date ,there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak :Sierra Leone ,Liberia and Guinea .However ,other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebo

19、la within their borders. 3.Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries, your risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero .Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person .Specifical

20、ly ,Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though ,the virus is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable . 4.The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus .Symptoms may appear as

21、 early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat. 5.Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every organ of the body .This cause

22、s an overstimulation of the bodys inflammatory response ,causing the flu-like symptoms .The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the bodys normal clotting mechanism(凝血机制)，making bleeding even more severe .Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion(器官灌注)，ultimately lead to organ failure and

23、 death. 6.The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years .While diseases such as the malaria (疟疾)are far more communicable ,Ebola is one of the worlds most fatal viral infections. Ebolas fatality rate exceeds that of SARS.（分数：8.00）(1).A.Am I at risk of contracting the virus? B

24、.Is the current outbreak the deadlines? C.How do I know if I have contracted the virus? D.What areas are currently affected? E.What exactly does Ebola do to the body? F.What caused the Ebola outbreak? paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(2).paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(3).paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）A.B.

25、C.D.E.F.(4).paragraph 5_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(5).A.infected body fluids B.against the outbreak severity C.the mode of transmission D.the initial days of being infected E.three countries in West Africa F.within a wide range of days The initial Ebola outbreak was found in _.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(6).Th

26、e difference between SARS and Ebola viruses lies in _.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(7).The symptoms of the patients after being infected may first appear _.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(8).The Ebola virus transmits by contact with _.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.四、第四部分：阅读理解(第 3145 题，每题(总题数：3，分数：45.00)第一篇 Ear Breakthrough Ne

27、w research published in the journal Current Biology has added significantly to understanding of how the ear works, giving hope to millions of deaf and hard of hearing people. The latest research, conducted by Dr. Jorg T. Albet, a Deafness Research UK research fellow at the UCL Ear Institute, togethe

28、r with scientists at the University of Cologne, shows that fruit flies have ears which mechanically amplify sound signals in a remarkably similar way to the sensory(感觉的)cells found in the inner ear of vertebrates(脊椎动物)including humans. The finding means that the wealth of genetic techniques already

29、available to study the fruit fly can now be used to target how the ear works. Dr.Albert says.“The biophysical parallels between the ways both fruit flies and humans convert sound into nerve signals are truly amazing.We may be allowed to hope that these mechanistic(机械学的)similarities extend further do

30、wn to the genes and molecules that bring about hearing.But even if it finally should turn out that hearing in fruit flies relies on different molecules than does hearing in humans, the little fruit fly can help us find answers to some key questions of hearing research and what is sometimes even more

31、 important -will surely help us ask the right questions.“ The work is welcomed by Deafness Research UK, the countrys only medical research chanty for deaf people.Vivienne Michael, chief executive of Deafness Research UK.says,“ This is an important advance that paves the way toward a clear understand

32、ing of the genetics of deafness.The charily will continue to support culling-edge(尖端的)research through its Fellowship programme at the UCI.Ear institute and at other top research centres in the UK to achieve our goal of securing audical improvements in the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of all f

33、orms of hearing impairment“ There are nine million deaf and hard of hearing people in the UK and in most cases deafness results from loss of sensory cells in the inner ear known as “hair“, cells.The cells can be images and lost through ageing, noise, genetic defects and certain drugs and, because th

34、e cells dont regenerate, the result is progressive -and irreversible -hearing loss .Damage to these cells can also lead to tinnitus(耳鸣),which affects around five million people in the UK.（分数：15.00）(1).A person who is hard of hearing is（分数：3.00）A.not able to hear properlyB.totally deaf form birthC.un

35、willing to listen to othersD.ignorant of how the ear works(2).Quite a number of genetic techniques have been used.（分数：3.00）A.to target how the ear worksB.to study the fruit flyC.to stimulate sensory cellsD.to amplify sound signals(3).Fruit files and humans share similarities in how they（分数：3.00）A.as

36、k and answer questionsB.pass on their genesC.reproduceD.convert sound into nerve signals(4).Vivienne Michael from Deafness Research UK highly appreciates（分数：3.00）A.the genetics of deafnessB.the charitys Fellowship programmeC.improvements in treating hearing impairmentD.the latest research conducted

37、by Dr.Albert.(5).Hearing loss caused by damage to the sensory cells（分数：3.00）A.can affect five million people in the UKB.can be progressively repairedC.cannot be curedD.cannot lead to tinnitusYoung Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely

38、to go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital. The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were b

39、orn between 1950 and 1976. The research group analyzed the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army. The study shows a clear link between good physical fitness and better results for the IQ test. The strongest links are for logical thinking

40、and verbal comprehension. But it is only fitness that plays a role in the results for the IQ test,and not strength. “Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung capacity and that your brain gets plenty of oxygen ,” says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physi

41、cian at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital. “This may be one of the reasons why we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular strength . We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.” By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been able to determine that

42、it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and higher IQ. “We have also shown that those youngsters who improve their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,”says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Ac

43、ademy and physician at Aby health centre. “This being the case, physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.” The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests during nat

44、ional service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life. Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.（分数：15.00）(1).The researchers in this study come from _.（分数：3.00）A.Aby health centreB.the Swedish armyC.the National Acad

45、emy of SciencesD.a Swedish university and its affiliated hospital(2).Which of the following is an implication of physical fitness ?（分数：3.00）A.Brain size.B.Good logical capacityC.Clear logical thinkingD.Muscular strength(3).By enhancing physical fitness, one could improves the following EXCEPT _.（分数：

46、3.00）A.cognitive performanceB.heart capacityC.verbal comprehensionD.emotional behavior(4).The study finding include the following EXCEPT that _.（分数：3.00）A.growth factors are significant for a persons IQ.B.young adults who are fit get higher scores in IQ tests.C.youngsters who are fit will more likel

47、y get college education.D.young people who are muscular and strong have a higher IQ.(5).The word “secured “in the last paragraph is closes in meaning to _.（分数：3.00）A.insuredB.assuredC.obtainedD.studied15 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety Disorder Social anxiety disorder prevents some 15 m

48、illion Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives, a new survey finds. The disorder leaves many isolated, ashamed and often misdiagnosed. Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorder have symptoms for 10 years or more before seeking help, the Anxiety Disorders Association of

49、 America reports. “Social anxiety disorder is when somebody has an intense, persistent and irrational fear of social or performance situations,“ Jerilyn Ross, the associations president and CEO, said during a teleconference Wednesday. “The condition causes people to avoid common, everyday situations and even other people for fear of being judged or criticized or humiliated or embarrassing themselves,“ Ross said. Social anxiety disorder can interfere with daily routin