职称英语卫生类A级分类模拟7及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 A级分类模拟 7及答案解析(总分：100.05，做题时间：90 分钟)一、完形填空(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Freezing to Death for BeautyPeople in Beijing wear a lot of clothing during winter to fend (抵御) off the cold. In the United States, however, people wear 1 , partly because the car is the primary mode of transportation. Cars take 2 str

2、aight to their workplaces, which are heated well. The American diet is full of calories, so the 3 can afford to burn heat more quickly. Fewer layers of clothing give people the opportunity to stay 4 . Lots of Yale girls wear skirts 5 when it“s 10 degrees Centigrade (摄氏温度) outside. Some of them at le

3、ast wear boots, tights, and leg-warmers. Some, however, really just go for the look 6 the risk of health. These girls have nothing to prevent their legs 7 the wind, and no socks to protect their feet. A mini skirt and a pair of stilettos (高跟鞋) are all that they wear. Typically, the ones pursuing fas

4、hion are 8 with little body fat. Just by the nature of their bodies, they are already at a disadvantage compared with normal people in 9 weather. I have always 10 , whenever I pass these girls, how they manage to refrain from shivering and just smile like spring had arrived. And then there are the g

5、uys. The girls can be said to 11 health for beauty. But why do guys 12 so little? It is not like, once they shed (脱掉) some layers, they suddenly become better-looking. They are not exactly being fashionable when they 13 wear sporty (花哨的) shorts and shower slippers in the midst of winter. It“s not cu

6、te. Of course, people have the freedom to look whatever 14 they want. I am just surprised that, given the vast difference between winter and summer temperatures in Connecticut, they can still 15 like they are partying on the beach in the middle of February.（分数：15.00）A.scarceB.lessC.littleD.leastA.pe

7、opleB.studentsC.shoppersD.themA.armsB.headsC.legsD.bodiesA.bonyB.thinC.fashionableD.hungryA.evenB.sometimesC.frequentlyD.occasionallyA.inB.forC.atD.onA.withB.againstC.aboveD.underA.fatB.uglyC.shortD.skinnyA.warmB.coldC.coolD.hotA.dreamedB.statedC.claimedD.wonderedA.sacrificeB.devoteC.sufferD.endureA

8、.bearB.carryC.wearD.put onA.onlyB.seldomC.rarelyD.hardlyA.methodB.roadC.wayD.avenueA.seeB.resembleC.showD.lookThe Place too EffectWhen scientists want to test a new drug，they usually divide a large number of people 16 two groups. One group takes the medicine and the other takes a substance 17 as a p

9、lacebo (安慰剂).It may contain nothing more than sugar. The people do not know which pill they are taking, the active one or the inactive one. In this kind of experiment, the medicine must perform 18 than the placebo to prove it is effective. Yet, people who take a placebo sometimes experience improvem

10、ents in their health. This is known as “the placebo effect“ the effect of something 19 is not supposed to have any effect. Some doctors even use the placebo effect in their treatments. They might tell patients that a new drug will stop their pain. The patient does not know that the pills are 20 . Th

11、e patient 21 the pills and later tells the doctor that the pain is gone. Now research in Sweden suggests that placebo treatments can also 22 the emotional effects of unpleasant experiences. The effects in the brain were similar to those seen when placebos have been used to ease pain. The researchers

12、 say that in both cases expectations of improvement are a major 23 on the effectiveness of placebos. The new study involved a group of people who looked at unpleasant pictures, 24 images of dead bodies. Predrag Petrovic of the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm led the study. The findings appeared in

13、 the publication Neuron (神经元). An influential study on placebos appeared in 1955. It said treatment with a placebo 25 patients feel better 35% of the time. But in 2001, Danish researchers reported that they had examined more than 100 studies. They found 26 evidence of healing as a result of placebos

14、. Some researchers think a good relationship between a doctor and patient can increase the effectiveness of real medicines. In any case, some medical researchers are against the use of 27 . They think it is 28 to give some people inactive substances when testing new medicines. They say it would be b

15、etter to 29 new drugs with existing drugs. That way, a study would show 30 the new drug is more effective.（分数：25.05）A.inB.toC.intoD.forA.namedB.calledC.referredD.knownA.betterB.worseC.more weaklyD.more slowlyA.whichB.thatC.whatD.whateverA.activeB.inactiveC.effectiveD.helpfulA.makesB.sellsC.takesD.br

16、ingsA.reduceB.increaseC.raiseD.enhanceA.informationB.inspirationC.incidentD.influenceA.so asB.such asC.as ifD.as forA.gotB.madeC.causedD.renderedA.fewB.muchC.manyD.littleA.drugsB.curesC.placebosD.medicinesA.wrongB.rightC.sensibleD.reasonableA.takeB.produceC.combineD.compareA.ifB.howC.whenD.whereFrie

17、nds May B to Living LongerLooking for the secret of a long life? Look closely at your friends. New research suggests that having a strong network of friends helps people live longer. “Older people with better social networks of friends were less likely to 31 over a 10-year follow-up (随访) period than

18、 older people with 32 friends networks,“ Lynne C. Giles of Flinders University in Australia told Reuters Health. But in what may come as a surprising finding to older people 33 rely on their children and other relatives, having a large network of relatives was not associated with longer life, accord

19、ing 34 Giles and her colleagues. “Of course, that is not to say that social networks 35 children and other relatives are not important in many other ways,“ Giles said. Study after study has shown that elderly people who 36 connected with lots of people tend to live longer lives. 37 , few studies hav

20、e examined whether different types of relationshipswith friends, partners, children and 38 relativeshave different effects on longevity (长寿).Giles“s team set out to examine the relationship between various types of social networks and 39 in a group of almost 1,500 Australians who were at least 70 ye

21、ars 40 . Volunteers answered 41 about their social networks and then were followed for 10 years. The researchers took into account several factors that could have influenced how long a person lived, 42 sex, age, health and smoking status. What the study showed was 43 older people who reported with b

22、etter social networks of friends were 44 likely to be alive at the end of the study than people with fewer friends. But relationships with children and other relatives did not have 45 effect on survival in the study.（分数：30.00）A.dieB.liveC.workD.stayA.strongerB.largerC.poorerD.newerA.whichB.whomC.who

23、D.thoseA.toB.atC.onD.byA.byB.onC.inD.ofA.areB.isC.wasD.wereA.HoweverB.OnceC.FurtherD.MoreoverA.olderB.richerC.otherD.someA.longevityB.lonelinessC.activityD.happinessA.bigB.longC.agoD.oldA.questionsB.doubtsC.studiesD.testsA.includingB.takingC.acceptingD.offeringA.ifB.whenC.thatD.thisA.moreB.lessC.ver

24、yD.mostA.eachB.everyC.allD.anStudy Confirms Red Meat Links with Bowel (肠) CancerPeople who eat more than 160 grams of red or processed meat a day are 35 percent more likely to develop bowel cancer than those who eat less 46 20 grams a day，according to one of the biggest nutrition investigations ever

25、 carried out. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition followed 478,040 men and women 47 35 to 70 from lo European countries. All subjects were free of cancer at enrollment between 1992 and 1998, but 48 an average follow-up of almost 5 years 1,329 bowel cancers had been repor

26、ted. The subsequent analysis, published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute , confirms the long-held suspicion 49 high intakes (纳入量) of red meat are associated with increased bowel 50 risk. After taking into consideration factors like age, sex, height, weight, energy intake, physical act

27、ivity, smoking, and alcohol consumption, the investigators found that bowel cancer was 51 with intake of red and processed meat but not chicken. Risk of bowel cancer dropped with increasing intake of fish. Eating more than 80 grams a day of fish was associated 52 a 31 percent reduction in risk compa

28、red with eating less than 10 grams a 53 . Subjects with high red meat and low fish intake were at 63 percent higher risk of bowel cancer compared with subjects with low red meat and high fish 54 . In addition, the risk of developing the disease was increased for 55 people who ate a low fiber diet. S

29、heila Bingham, study investigator at the UK“s Medical Research Council nutrition unit, said, “People have suspected for some time that high levels of red and processed meat 56 risk of bowel cancer, but this is one of the largest studies worldwide and the first from Europe of this type to show a 57 r

30、elationship.“ Study coordinator, Elio Riboli, 58 the World Health Organization International Agency for research into cancer, said, “Other risk factors for 59 cancer include obesity (肥胖) and lack of physical activity. Smoking and excess alcohol may also play a 60 . These factors were all taken into

31、account in the analysis.“（分数：30.00）A.fromB.thanC.betweenD.amongA.agingB.yearsC.agedD.rangingA.beforeB.afterC.sinceD.whenA.thatB.whichC.whetherD.whyA.illnessB.cancerC.problemD.deathA.presentedB.selectedC.contrastedD.associatedA.withB.intoC.forD.againstA.monthB.yearC.dayD.weekA.habitB.experienceC.harv

32、estD.intakeA.theseB.muchC.thoseD.thatA.increaseB.lowerC.meetD.showA.strongB.poorC.weakD.casualA.atB.outC.inD.onA.newB.organC.fatalD.bowelA.factorB.roleC.riskD.chance职称英语卫生类 A级分类模拟 7答案解析(总分：100.05，做题时间：90 分钟)一、完形填空(总题数：4，分数：100.00)Freezing to Death for BeautyPeople in Beijing wear a lot of clothing d

33、uring winter to fend (抵御) off the cold. In the United States, however, people wear 1 , partly because the car is the primary mode of transportation. Cars take 2 straight to their workplaces, which are heated well. The American diet is full of calories, so the 3 can afford to burn heat more quickly.

34、Fewer layers of clothing give people the opportunity to stay 4 . Lots of Yale girls wear skirts 5 when it“s 10 degrees Centigrade (摄氏温度) outside. Some of them at least wear boots, tights, and leg-warmers. Some, however, really just go for the look 6 the risk of health. These girls have nothing to pr

35、event their legs 7 the wind, and no socks to protect their feet. A mini skirt and a pair of stilettos (高跟鞋) are all that they wear. Typically, the ones pursuing fashion are 8 with little body fat. Just by the nature of their bodies, they are already at a disadvantage compared with normal people in 9

36、 weather. I have always 10 , whenever I pass these girls, how they manage to refrain from shivering and just smile like spring had arrived. And then there are the guys. The girls can be said to 11 health for beauty. But why do guys 12 so little? It is not like, once they shed (脱掉) some layers, they

37、suddenly become better-looking. They are not exactly being fashionable when they 13 wear sporty (花哨的) shorts and shower slippers in the midst of winter. It“s not cute. Of course, people have the freedom to look whatever 14 they want. I am just surprised that, given the vast difference between winter

38、 and summer temperatures in Connecticut, they can still 15 like they are partying on the beach in the middle of February.（分数：15.00）A.scarceB.less C.littleD.least解析：解析 此题考查语意衔接，however 表示转折，与 a lot对应的反义词是 less(比较级)。A.peopleB.studentsC.shoppersD.them 解析：解析 此题考查代词使用，them 指代美国人，应用复数。A.armsB.headsC.legsD

39、.bodies 解析：解析 此题考查文意理解，“身体”能迅速产生热量，故选 bodies。A.bonyB.thinC.fashionable D.hungry解析：解析 此题考查文意理解，穿得少可以使人保持时髦，故选 fashionable。A.even B.sometimesC.frequentlyD.occasionally解析：解析 此题考查副词，even：即使，甚至。此处表示强调。A.inB.forC.at D.on解析：解析 此题考查固定搭配，at the risk of health：以健康为代价。A.withB.against C.aboveD.under解析：解析 此题考查固定

40、搭配，prevent against：防止。A.fatB.uglyC.shortD.skinny 解析：解析 此题考查上下文对应，与 little body fat对应的是 skinny(极瘦的)。A.warmB.cold C.coolD.hot解析：解析 此题考查文意理解，偏瘦的人在寒冷天气中与正常人相比更处于劣势地位。A.dreamedB.statedC.claimedD.wondered 解析：解析 此题考查宾语从句，选项中只有 wondered可以跟带疑问意味的宾语从句。A.sacrifice B.devoteC.sufferD.endure解析：解析 此题考查固定搭配，sacrifi

41、ce for：为牺牲。A.bearB.carryC.wear D.put on解析：解析 此题考查动词辨析，wear 与 put on都表示“穿”，前者表示状态。A.only B.seldomC.rarelyD.hardly解析：解析 此题考查文意理解，“当他们仅仅穿着花哨的短裤和洗澡用的拖鞋时，在确切意义上来说他们并不时髦”。A.methodB.roadC.way D.avenue解析：解析 此题考查词义辨析，“当然，人们有选择如何打扮自己的自由。”way：样子。A.seeB.resembleC.showD.look 解析：解析 此题考查固定搭配，look like：看起来像。The Pla

42、ce too EffectWhen scientists want to test a new drug，they usually divide a large number of people 16 two groups. One group takes the medicine and the other takes a substance 17 as a placebo (安慰剂).It may contain nothing more than sugar. The people do not know which pill they are taking, the active on

43、e or the inactive one. In this kind of experiment, the medicine must perform 18 than the placebo to prove it is effective. Yet, people who take a placebo sometimes experience improvements in their health. This is known as “the placebo effect“ the effect of something 19 is not supposed to have any ef

44、fect. Some doctors even use the placebo effect in their treatments. They might tell patients that a new drug will stop their pain. The patient does not know that the pills are 20 . The patient 21 the pills and later tells the doctor that the pain is gone. Now research in Sweden suggests that placebo

45、 treatments can also 22 the emotional effects of unpleasant experiences. The effects in the brain were similar to those seen when placebos have been used to ease pain. The researchers say that in both cases expectations of improvement are a major 23 on the effectiveness of placebos. The new study in

46、volved a group of people who looked at unpleasant pictures, 24 images of dead bodies. Predrag Petrovic of the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm led the study. The findings appeared in the publication Neuron (神经元). An influential study on placebos appeared in 1955. It said treatment with a placebo 25

47、 patients feel better 35% of the time. But in 2001, Danish researchers reported that they had examined more than 100 studies. They found 26 evidence of healing as a result of placebos. Some researchers think a good relationship between a doctor and patient can increase the effectiveness of real medi

48、cines. In any case, some medical researchers are against the use of 27 . They think it is 28 to give some people inactive substances when testing new medicines. They say it would be better to 29 new drugs with existing drugs. That way, a study would show 30 the new drug is more effective.（分数：25.05）A

49、.inB.toC.into D.for解析：解析 此题考查固定搭配，divide into：将分成。A.namedB.calledC.referredD.known 解析：解析 此题考查固定搭配，known as：被当做。A.better B.worseC.more weaklyD.more slowly解析：解析 此题考查上下文对应，后文的 to prove it is effective表示药效好。A.whichB.that C.whatD.whatever解析：解析 此题考查从句，that 作主语指代 something。A.activeB.inactive C.effectiveD.helpful解析：解析 此题考查文意理解，医生给病人的是安慰剂，药效自然是 inactive。A.makesB.sellsC.takes D.brings解析：解析 此题考查固定搭配，take the pills：吃药。A.reduce B.increaseC.raiseD.enhance解析：解析 此题考查上下文语意连贯，安慰剂有效，效果是“减少不适感受”。A.informationB.inspirationC.incidentD.influ