职称英语卫生类A级-55及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语卫生类 A级-55 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、第 1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.These are their motives for doing it.（分数：1.00）A.reasonsB.excusesC.answersD.plans2.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west.（分数：1.00）A.twistsB.stretchesC.broadensD.bends3.Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs.（分数：1

2、.00）A.abuseB.flavorC.temptationD.consumption4.These programmes are of immense value to old people.（分数：1.00）A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.enormous5.A great deal has been done to remedy the situation.（分数：1.00）A.maintainB.improveC.assessD.protect6.John is collaborating with Mary in writing an article.（分数：1.0

3、0）A.cooperatingB.competingC.combiningD.arguing7.He is determined to consolidate his power.（分数：1.00）A.strengthenB.controlC.abandonD.exercise8.Many scientists have been probing psychological problems.（分数：1.00）A.solvingB.exploringC.settlingD.handling9.Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in di

4、et and exercise habits.（分数：1.00）A.removedB.curedC.worsenedD.relieved10.All the cars are tested for defects before leaving the factory.（分数：1.00）A.functionsB.faultsC.motionsD.parts11.The food is insufficient for three people.（分数：1.00）A.instantB.infiniteC.inexpensiveD.inadequate12.Thousands of people p

5、erished in the storm.（分数：1.00）A.diedB.sufferedC.floatedD.scattered13.But in the end he approved of our proposal.（分数：1.00）A.undoubtedlyB.certainlyC.ultimatelyD.necessarily14.For young children, getting dressed is a complicated business.（分数：1.00）A.strangeB.complexC.personalD.funny15.In Britain and man

6、y other countries appraisal is now a tool of management.（分数：1.00）A.evaluationB.productionC.efficiencyD.publicity二、第 2部分：阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：7.00)Stem Cell Therapy May Help Repair the HeartAccording to scientists in the USA, stem cell therapy may one day be able to repair the hearts of people with heart fa

7、ilure. Researchers at Pittsburgh University School of Medicine examined 20 patients who had severe heart failure and were going to have surgery. They injected stem cells into the parts of their hearts that were damaged. They then compared their hearts with those of people who had undergone surgery w

8、ithout having the stem cells injected into them (they had also suffered from severe heart failure). The patients who had had the stem cells injected had hearts that were able to pump (用泵抽运) more blood than the others. According to Professor Robert Kormos, one of the researchers, these results could

9、revolutionize heart treatment. Although previous studies had indicated that there might be a benefit, this is the first study that has actually proved that stem cell therapy can help the failing heart work better. All the patients in this study had hearts that could not pump blood properly. The scie

10、ntists measured their ejection fraction (射血分数). This is a measure of heart performance; you measure how much blood is being pumped out by the left ventricle (心室). Healthy people“s ejection fraction is about 55%. These patients had ejection fraction of under35%. They all had by-pass surgery (搭桥手术) pe

11、rformed on them. Some of the patients had stem cells taken from their hip bones and injected into 25-30 sites in the damaged heart muscle. Six months later their ejection fraction rate was 46.1% while those who just had surgery but no stem cell injections averaged 37.2%. No side effects were reporte

12、d. Heart failure is a common problem all over the world. In the UK alone about 650,000 people suffer from heart failure every year. As the number of people suffering from heart failure increases in the world in general these findings are particularly significant. Current treatments relieve the sympt

13、oms. This new stem cell therapy actually repairs the damaged muscle in the heart and has the potential of curing the disease.（分数：7.00）(1).The 20 patients had stem cell injections instead of surgery.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The experiment proved to be satisfactory.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.W

14、rongC.Not mentioned(3).The control group patients regretted not having had stem cell injections.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The study actually proved for the first time the benefit of stem cell therapy.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The ejection fraction rate of the patients

15、 with stem cell injections decreased.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).Heart failure is more common in the UK than anywhere else in the world.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Stem cell therapy seems to have great prospects.（分数：1.00）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned三、第 3部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：

16、1，分数：8.00)The Drink Your Body Needs Most1. Our bodies are estimated to be about 60 to 70% water. Blood is mostly water, and our muscles, lungs, and brain all contain a lot of water. Water is needed to regulate body temperature and to provide the means for nutrients (滋养物) to travel to all our organs.

17、 Water also transports oxygen to our cells, removes waste, and protects our joints and organs. 2. We lose water through urination (排尿), respiration (呼吸), and by sweating. If you are very active, you lose more water than if you do not take much exercise. Symptoms of mild dehydration (脱水) include chro

18、nic pains in joints and muscles, lower back pain, headaches, and constipation (便秘). A strong smell to your urine, along with a yellow color indicates that you are not getting enough water. Thirst is an obvious sign of dehydration and in fact, you need water long before you feel thirsty. 3. A good ru

19、le of thumb (好的做法) is to take your body weight in pounds and divide that number in half. That gives you the number of ounces (盎司) of water per day that you need. For example, if you weigh 160 pounds, you should drink at least 80 ounces of water per day. If you exercise you should drink another 8-oun

20、ce glass of water for every 20 minutes you are active. If you drink coffee or alcohol, you should add at least an equal amount of water. When you are traveling on an airplane, it is good to have 8 ounces of water for every hour you are on board the plane. 4. It may be difficult to drink enough water

21、 on a busy day. Be sure you have water handy at all times by keeping a bottle for water with you when you are working, traveling, or exercising. If you get bored with plain water, add a bit of lemon for a touch of flavor. There are some brands of flavored water available, but some of them have sugar

22、 or artificial sweeteners that you don“t need.（分数：8.00）(1).Paragraph 1 1 A. Ounces of water needed per day B. Importance of water C. Composition of water D. Signs of dehydration E. Supply of water F. Necessity for bringing a bottle for water with you（分数：1.00）(2).Paragraph 2 1（分数：1.00）(3).Paragraph 3

23、 1（分数：1.00）(4).Paragraph 4 1（分数：1.00）(5).One cannot live 1. A. in your body B. without water C. before long D. for a change E. on a busy day F. to your weight（分数：1.00）(6).Dehydration may occur if there is a shortage of water 1.（分数：1.00）(7).The amount of water your body needs per day is closely relat

24、ed 1.（分数：1.00）(8).Don“t forget to drink enough water even 1.（分数：1.00）四、第 4部分：阅读理解(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、第一篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)More Than a Ride to SchoolThe National Education Association claims, “The school bus is a mirror of the community.“ They further add that, unfortunately, what appears on the exterior

25、does not always reflect the reality of a chosen community. They are right sometimes it reflects more Just ask Liesl Denson. Riding the school bus has been more than a ride to school for Liesl. Bruce Hardy, school bus driver for Althouse Bus Company has been Liesl“s bus driver since kindergarten. Las

26、t year when Liesl“s family moved to Parkesburg, knowing her bus went by her new residence, she requested to ride the same bus. This year Liesl is a senior and will enjoy her last year riding the bus. She says, “It“s been a great ride so far! My bus driver is so cool and has always been a good friend

27、 and a good listener. Sometimes when you“re a child adults do not think that what you have to say is important. Mr. Hardy always listens to what you have to say and makes you feel important.“ Her friends Ashley Batista and Amanda Wolfe agree. Bruce Hardy has been making Octorara students feel specia

28、l since 1975. This year he will celebrate 30 years working for Althouse Bus Company. Larry Althouse, president of the company, acknowledges Bruce Hardy“s outstanding record: “You do not come by employees like Bruce these days. He has never missed a day of work and has a perfect driving record. He wa

29、s recognized in 2000 by the Pennsylvania School Bus Association for driving 350,000 accident free miles. Hardy“s reputation is made further evident through the relationships he has made with the students that ride his bus.“ Althouse further adds, “Althouse Bus Company was established 70 years ago an

30、d has been providing quality transportation ever since. My grandfather started the business with one bus. Althouse Bus Company is delighted to have the opportunity to bring distinctive and safe service to our local school and community and looks forward to continuing to provide quality service for m

31、any more years to come.“ Three generations of business is not all the company has enjoyed. Thanks to drivers like Bruce Hardy, they have been building relationships through generations. Liesl“s mother Carol also enjoys fond memories of riding Bruce Hardy“s bus to the Octorara School District.（分数：15.

32、00）(1).The word “mirror“ in the first line could be best replaced by _.（分数：3.00）A.“vehicle“B.“device“C.“need“D.“reflection“(2).Bruce Hardy has been working with Althouse Bus Company _.（分数：3.00）A.for 30 yearsB.for 70 yearsC.since last yearD.since 2000(3).Which of the following statements is NOT true

33、of Bruce Hardy?（分数：3.00）A.He is popular with his passengers.B.He has never missed a day of work.C.He is an impatient person.D.He has driven 350,000 accident free miles.(4).Althouse Bus Company was founded by _.（分数：3.00）A.Larry AlthouseB.Althouse“s grandfatherC.Liesl“s motherD.Ashley Batista(5).Altho

34、use Bus Company pays much attention to _.（分数：3.00）A.employing young driversB.running quality schoolsC.providing free driving lessonsD.building sound relationships六、第二篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Diabetes (糖尿病) and Eye DamageOver 2 million Canadians have diabetes. It is the leading cause of blindness in North Am

35、ericans under 65 years of age. Diabetes is a condition where the body either cannot produce enough insulin (胰岛素) or cannot respond properly to insulin. Insulin is important because it moves glucose (葡萄糖), a simple sugar, into the body“s cells from the blood. The food people eat provides the body wit

36、h glucose, which is used by the cells as a source of energy. If insulin isn“t available or doesn“t work correctly to move glucose from the blood into the cells, glucose will stay in the blood, leading to high blood sugar levels. High blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels, including the tiny bl

37、ood vessels in the eye. This leads to an eye disease known as diabetic retinopathy (糖尿病型视网膜病). The retina (视网膜) is an area at the back of the eye that changes light into nerve signals. With diabetic retinopathy, some blood vessels in the retina are lost, and some of the other blood vessels begin to

38、“leak“ blood. This causes the retina to swell, and gradually cuts off its supply of oxygen and nutrients (滋养物). Eventually, the retina starts to grow new blood vessels to replace the damaged ones. Unfortunately, these new vessels are not as strong as the old ones. They are more likely to break, caus

39、ing bleeding in the eye. At first, people with diabetic retinopathy will not notice any symptoms. As the disease gets worse, they may notice blurred (模糊的) vision, black spots or flashing lights. As time goes on, it can progress to blindness. Everyone with diabetes is at risk for diabetic retinopathy

40、, and the risk increases the longer you“ve had diabetes. Fortunately, you can reduce your risk. If you do not have diabetes, but think you may be at risk for this condition, visit your doctor to be screened for diabetes. If you do have diabetes: a) Have frequent eye check-ups. b) Make sure that you

41、monitor your blood sugar frequently and use your medications as recommended by your doctor. There is evidence to show that keeping your blood sugar under tight control can slow down eye damage. c) If you have high blood pressure, follow your recommended diet and medications to keep it under control.

42、 If you are not sure whether you have high blood pressure, or whether your blood pressure is under control, discuss this with your doctor.（分数：15.00）(1).Glucose cannot be turned into energy in the body _.（分数：3.00）A.without diabetesB.without sugarC.without insulinD.without food(2).The word “its“ in th

43、e second paragraph refers to _.（分数：3.00）A.“the nerve“s“B.“the blood“s“C.“the eye“s“D.“the retina“s“(3).With diabetic retinopathy, the damaged blood vessels in the retina _.（分数：3.00）A.are stronger than what they used to beB.cannot be properly replacedC.are more likely to break than the new onesD.may

44、return to normal again(4).The worst eye damage induced by diabetes is _.（分数：3.00）A.blurred visionB.black spotsC.blindnessD.flashing lights(5).To slow down eye damage, people with diabetes should try to _.（分数：3.00）A.use as many medications as they canB.eat as little as possibleC.wear glasses as often

45、 as possibleD.keep their blood sugar under tight control七、第三篇(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Milk That Paid a Medical BillOne day, a poor boy who was selling goods from door to door to pay his way through school found he had only one thin dime (10分钱) left, and he was hungry. He decided he would ask for a meal at th

46、e next house. However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door. Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk. He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you? You don“t owe me anything,“ she repl

47、ied. “Mother has taught us never to accept pay for a kindness.“ He said, “Then I thank you from my heart.“ As Howard Kelly left that house, he not only felt stronger physically, but his faith in God and man was strong also. He had been ready to give up and quit. Years later that young woman became c

48、ritically ill. The local doctors were baffled (感到困惑).They finally sent her to the big city, where they called in specialists to study her rare disease. Dr. Howard Kelly was called in for the consultation. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Immediately

49、he rose and went down the hall of the hospital to her room. Dressed in his doctor“s gown he went in to see her. He recognized her at once. He went back to the consultation room determined to do his best to save her life. From that day he gave special attention to the case. After a long struggle, the battle was won. Dr. Kelly requested the business office to pass the final bill to him for approval. He looked at it; then wrote something on the edge and the bill was sent to her room. She feared to open it, for she was sure it would take the rest of