雅思阅读十大领域之身心篇及答案解析.doc

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1、雅思阅读十大领域之身心篇及答案解析(总分：100.02，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part English-Chine(总题数：16，分数：16.00)1.novel solutions（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_2.handle conflicts（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_3.mood disorder（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_4.cognitive traits（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_5.hard-earned bonus schemes（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_6.practical purposes（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_7.inward and

2、outward（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_8.symbolic meaning（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_9.hand-to-hand combat（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_10.pose a health risk（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_11.a nonprofit research organisation（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_12.standard of living（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_13.body mass index（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_14.waist circumference（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_15.a sub

3、stantial proportion of（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_16.social welfare（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_二、Part Translation(总题数：9，分数：18.00)17.While it depends on the discipline, in general beyond a certain level IQ does not help boost creativity; it is necessary, but not sufficient to make someone creative.（分数：2.00）_18.Creatives hav

4、e an attraction to complexity and an ability to handle conflict. They are also usually highly self-motivated, perhaps even a little obsessive. Less creative people, on the other hand, tend to become irritated if they cannot immediately fit all the pieces together. They are less tolerant of confusion

5、.（分数：2.00）_19.Peterson calls this process latent inhibition, and argues that people who have less of it, and who have a reasonably high IQ with a good working memory can juggle more of the data, and so may be open to more possibilities and ideas. The downside of extremely low latent inhibition may b

6、e a confused thought style that predisposes people to mental illness.（分数：2.00）_20.He points out that the masters of laughing are children, and nowhere is their talent more obvious than in the boisterous antics, and the original context is play.（分数：2.00）_21.When we laugh, the sound is usually produce

7、d by chopping up a single exhalation into a series of shorter with one sound produced on each inward and outward breath.（分数：2.00）_22.But the idea that has gained most popularity in recent years is that laughter in response to tickling is a way for two individuals to signal and test their trust in on

8、e another. This hypothesis starts from the observation that although a little tickle can be enjoyable, if it goes on too long it can be torture.（分数：2.00）_23.Researchers say the findings offer more evidence that accumulating fat around the midsection poses a health risk and suggests that studies of d

9、iabetes risk should emphasise waist size along with traditional risk factors.（分数：2.00）_24.The conventional risk factors for diabetes were similar among both the American and English populations. Americans had slightly higher scores on body mass index and were a little older. The English were less ed

10、ucated and more likely to have smoked.（分数：2.00）_25.Researchers say there may be many reasons why Americans have larger waists than their English peers. It may be caused by different rates of physical activities through exercise or daily activities, diet differences or perhaps other social and enviro

11、nmental factors such as stress that occur in the United States.（分数：2.00）_三、Part Actual Test(总题数：3，分数：66.00)You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Looking for InspirationEveryone has creativity, some a lot more than others. The development of h

12、uman, and possibly the universe, depends on it. Yet creativity is an elusive creature. What do we mean by it? What is going on in our brains when ideas form? Does it feel the same for artists and scientists? We asked writers and neuroscientists, pop stars and AI gurus to try to deconstruct the creat

13、ive processand learn how we can all ignite the spark within.A In the early 1970s, creativity was still seen as a type of intelligence. But when more subtle tests of IQ and creative skills were developed in the 1970s, particularly by the father of creativity testing, Paul Torrance, it became clear th

14、at the link was not so simple. Creative people are intelligent, in terms of IQ tests at least, but only averagely or just above. While it depends on the discipline, in general beyond a certain level, IQ does not help boost creativity; it is necessary, but not sufficient to make someone creative.B Be

15、cause of the difficulty of studying the actual process, most early attempts to study creativity concentrated on personality. According to creativity specialist Mark Runco of California State University, Fullerton, the creative personality tends to place a high value on aesthetic qualities and to hav

16、e broad interests, providing lots of resources to draw on and knowledge to recombine into novel solutions. Creatives have an attraction to complexity and an ability to handle conflict. They are also usually highly self-motivated, perhaps even a little obsessive. Less creative people, on the other ha

17、nd, tend to become irritated if they cannot immediately fit all the pieces together. They are less tolerant of confusion. Creativity comes to those who wait, but only to those who are happy to do so in a bit of a fog.C But there may be a price to pay for having a creative personality. For centuries,

18、 a link has been made between creativity and mental illness. Psychiatrist Jamison of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, found that established artists are significantly more likely to have mood disorders. But she also suggests that a change of mood state might be the key to triggering

19、a creative event, rather than the negative mood itself. Intelligence can help channel this thought style into great creativity, but when combined with emotional problems, lateral, divergent or open thinking can lead to mental illness instead.D Jordan Peterson, a psychologist at the University of Tor

20、onto, Canada, believes he has identified a mechanism that could help explain this. He says that the brains of creative people seem more open to incoming stimuli than less creative types. Our senses are continuously feeding a mass of information into our brains, which have to block or ignore most of

21、it to save us from being snowed under. Peterson calls this process latent inhibition, and argues that people who have less of it, and who have a reasonably high IQ with a good working memory can juggle more of the data, and so may be open to more possibilities and ideas. The downside of extremely lo

22、w latent inhibition may be a confused thought style that predisposes people to mental illness. So for Peterson, mental illness is not a prerequisite for creativity, but it shares some cognitive traits.E But what of the creative act itself? One of the first studies of the creative brain at work was b

23、y Colin Martindale, a psychologist from the University of Maine in Orono. Back in 1978, he used a network of scalp electrodes to record an electroencephalogram, a record of the pattern of brain waves, as people made up stories. Creativity has two stages: inspiration and elaboration, each characteris

24、ed by very different states of mind. While people were dreaming up their stories, he found their brains were surprisingly quiet. The dominant activity was alpha waves, indicating a very low level of cortical arousal: a relaxed state, as though the conscious mind was quiet while the brain was making

25、connections behind the scenes. Its the same sort of brain activity as in some stages of sleep, dreaming or rest, which could explain why sleep and relaxation can help people be creative. However, when these quiet-minded people were asked to work on their stories, the alpha wave activity dropped off

26、and the brain became busier, revealing increased cortical arousal, more corralling of activity and more organised thinking. Strikingly, it was the people who showed the biggest difference in brain activity between the inspiration and development stages who produced the most creative storylines. Noth

27、ing in their background brain activity marked them as creative or uncreative. Its as if the less creative person cant shift gear, says Guy Claxton, a psychologist at the University of Bristol, UK. Creativity requires different kinds of thinking. Very creative people move between these states intuiti

28、vely. Creativity, it seems, is about mental flexibility: perhaps not a two-step process, but a toggling between two states. In a later study, Martindale found that communication between the sides of the brain is also important.F Paul Howard-Jones, who works with Claxton at Bristol, believes he has f

29、ound another aspect of creativity. He asked people to make up a story based on three words and scanned their brains using functional magnetic resonance imaging. In one trial, people were asked not to try too hard and just report the most obvious story suggested by the words. In another, they were as

30、ked to be inventive. He also varied the words so it was easier or harder to link them. As people tried harder and came up with more creative tales, there was a lot more activity in a particular prefrontal brain region on the right- hand side. These regions are probably important in monitoring for co

31、nflict, helping us to filter out many of the unhelpful ways of combining the words and allowing us to pull out just the desirable connections, Howard-Jones suggests. It shows that there is another side to creativity, he says. The story-making task, particularly when we are stretched, produces many o

32、ptions which we have to assess. So part of creativity is a conscious process of evaluating and analysing ideas. The test also shows that the more we try and are stretched, the more creative our minds can be.G And creativity always is a solitary, tortured affair, according to Teresa Amabile of Harvar

33、d Business School. Though there is a slight association between solitary writing or painting and negative moods or emotional disturbances, scientific creativity and workplace creativity seem much more likely to occur when people are positive and buoyant. In a decade-long study of real businesses, to

34、 be published soon, Amabile found that positive moods relate positively to creativity in organisations, and that the relationship is a simple linear one. Creative thought also improves peoples moods, her team found, so the process is circular. Time pressures, financial pressures and hard-earned bonu

35、s schemes on the other hand, do not boost workplace creativity: internal motivation, not coercion, produces the best work.H Another often forgotten aspect of creativity is social. Vera John-Steiner of the University of New Mexico says that to be really creative you need strong social networks and tr

36、usting relationships, not just active neural networks. One vital characteristic of a highly creative person, she says, is that they have at least one other person in their life who doesnt think they are completely nuts.New Scientist（分数：13.00）(1).Look at the following people and the list of statement

37、s below.Match each person with the correct opinion, A-L.Write the correct letter, A-L, in boxes on your answer sheet.List of StatementsA suggests that creative people are more likely to be aesthetic.B finds the correlation between mood and creativity is circular.C says that communication makes peopl

38、e creative.D identify that changing mental state from negative side may stimulate creativity.E creates the way to test creativity.F uses brain waves to study creative brains.G draws on the knowledge from novels.H finds a process to explain the relationship between mood and creativity.I says that cre

39、ative people are always socially popular.J points out that creative people are more likely to have mental illnesses.K finds that latent inhibition is the reason why people become creative.L finds that creative brain activity becomes more when they deal with harder and more complex work.Paul Torrance

40、（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Mark Runco（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Jamison（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Jordan Peterson（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Colin Martindale（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Paul Howard-Jones（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Teresa Amabile（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Vera John-Steiner（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(9).Do the following statements agree with the i

41、nformation given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this Creativity can be seen as a kind of intelligence.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(10).Personal

42、ity plays a vital role in studying creativity because it is hard to do the actual experiments.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(11).It is widely accepted that creative people are more likely to have mental diseases.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(12).Alpha waves are a kind of brain activity with which people can be creative.（分数：1.

43、00）填空项 1:_(13).Creativity can be stimulated by positive mood states and work pressure.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_What Are You Laughing at?A We like to think that laughing is the height of human sophistication. Our big brains let us see the humour in a strategically positioned pun, an unexpected plot twist or a

44、 clever piece of word play. But while joking and wit are uniquely human inventions, laughter certainly is not. Other creatures, including chimpanzees, gorillas and even rats, chuckle. Obviously, they dont crack up at Homer Simpson or titter at the bosss dreadful jokes, but the fact that they laugh i

45、n the first place suggests that sniggers and chortles have been around for a lot longer than we have. It points the way to the origins of laughter, suggesting a much more practical purpose than you might think.B There is no doubt that laughing typical involves groups of people. Laughter evolved as a signal to othersit almost disappears when we are alone, says Robert Provine, a neuroscientist at the University of Maryland. Provine found that most laughter comes as a polite r