阅读理解(三)及答案解析.doc

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1、阅读理解(三)及答案解析(总分：99.99，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section A(总题数：4，分数：56.00)Every year since 1998, Fortune Magazine has published a list of the “100 Best Companies to Work For“. How does the magazine choose the companies? Firstly, it uses a survey. 350 employees answer fifty-seven questions about their company. Sec

2、ondly, Fortune Magazine looks at important features of companies; for example, pay, benefits, and communication between workers and management. Finally, the magazine compares the results to find its Top 100.To a certain extent, the results are guesswork, but the companies on the list, by and large,

3、have many things in common: they pay their employees well, they allow workers to make decisions, and they offer a comfortable workplace. Broadly speaking, however, the winners tend to offer something above and beyond the norm. J. M. Smucker, a jam and jelly company, give its workers free muffins and

4、 bagels for breakfast; at Griffin Hospital, employees get free massages; a bank called First Horizon National gives its employees time off to visit their childrens classrooms. Wegmans Food Markets sent one worker on a ten-day trip to London, Paris and Italy to learn about cheese. This is not unusual

5、 for the New York-based company, which is well-known for the scholarships it gives its employees to further their education. At W. L. Gore, workers decide on their colleagues salaries. Surprisingly enough, the most important thing for employees is not money. It is freedom to develop ideas. Timberlan

6、d offers a six-month paid sabbatical for employees who have “a personal dream that benefits the community “.Lets not forget that all these companies are businesses whose priority is making money. They have to make a profit. And do they? Seemingly, the answer is a big “ yes“. The number one company o

7、n Fortunes 2005 list, Wegmans, makes a fortune. The company, which has a motto. “Employees first, customers second“, is one of the fifty largest private companies in the US, with annual sales of 3. 6 billion, according to Forbes magazine. Apparently, being good to your employees is no obstacle to ma

8、king money.How much of Wegmans success is due to the companys policies? “Up to a point, the success is because of the freedom they give us, “ says one employee. “ On the other hand, no company gets rich just by being nice. Wegmans has great marketing strategies and its well-positioned within the com

9、munity. Irve been here for fifteen years. Looking back, Id say that the companys innovations for customers, such as the Shoppers Club electronic discount programme in the 90s, have been just as important as the benefits to staff. “But the employee benefits are striking. Fundamentally, Wegmans believ

10、es in professional development. As well as scholarships, the company gives its employees business opportunities. For years, one employee made delicious cookies for her colleagues. Eventually, she started selling the cookies in Wegmans. “I just asked the manager, “ she says. “ With hindsight. I shoul

11、d have asked earlier. I could have made more money! “The staffs freedom to make decisions is another thing you wont find everywhere. Essentially, Wegmans wants its workers to do almost anything to keep the customers happy. Believe it or not, an employee once cooked a Thanksgiving turkey in the store

12、 for a customer because the womans turkey, bought in Wegmans, was too big for her oven. One manager says, i Were a 3 billion company run by sixteen-year-old cashiers. /（分数：10.00）(1).Complete the following sentences with information given in the passage, using a maximum of 4 words for each sentence.A

13、ccording to Fortune Magazine, the “100 Best Companies to Work For“ are chosen by a comparison of _, such as salary, benefits and so on.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).The survey conducted by Fortune Magazine infers that employees consider _ as the most important instead of high salary to decide which company to

14、 work for.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).The employees of Wegmans attribute the companys success to several factors, that is, freedom, _, the companys innovation for customers and benefits to staff.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Business opportunities and _ are mentioned as the professional development staff can enjoy in

15、 Wegmans.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).The story that an employee of Wegmans once cooked a Thanksgiving turkey in the store for a customer indicates that employees there are free to _.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_The first small camera was mvented in 1685, but it was just a camera. It was a long time before people figured

16、 out how to make the right kind of paper for photographs. Modem photography, as we know it, really came into being in the 19th century, around the year 1865, to be exact. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, photography really took off. Several types of cameras were invented during the time, and photo

17、graphers also came up with new and better ways to take pictures. Photography became a form of art.（分数：6.00）(1).Photographers have contributed to the creation of _ with their pictures.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).As an illustration of this, the writer uses the fact that photographers can _ with a computer pro

18、gram.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).These days it is easy for photographers to share _.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_Space enthusiasts hoping to become Chinas next astronauts must pass “super human“ health checks. and that means no bad breath.New “ taikonauts “ must also have brushed their teeth thoroughly over the years as

19、 anyone with dental cavities is disqualified.And even if an individual is fighting fit, he wont be selected if there has been any serious illness in the last three generations of his family.These are amongst the 100 health requirements for would-be astronauts vying to be part of Chinas next space te

20、am, according to the Yangtse Evening Paper.The selection process, which the paper said is for the second batch of Chinese astronauts, will disqualify those who have scars, runny noses, ringworm, drag allergies or bad breath.（分数：8.00）(1).A person who is fighting fit cannot become a taikonaut if anyon

21、e in his family for the last three generations _.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Bad breath disqualifies space travel candidates because it will _.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).The length of time Shenzhou 5 travelled through space was _.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Chinas long-term goal in space is to _.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_When Ruth

22、Redding, an account manager, was sent on a management training course to improve her relationships with her colleagues by learning how to communicate with them more effectively, instead of being asked to address her boss or her peers, she found herself talking to a horse. In fact, during the course,

23、 which is organised by Manchester University Business School, Redding found herself standing in a pen whispering to an animal and communicating in a non-aggressive way. This form of communication, which is the subject of the best-selling novel The Horse Whisperer, later filmed with Robert Redford in

24、 the starring role, might appear bizarre on a stud farm, let alone a management training course. But horse whispering is among a number of unusual activities now being used to teach staff about every aspect of working life, from self-confidence to communication.In the 1980s and 1990s, it became fash

25、ionable to dump executives on a remote mountainside, or windswept Scottish isle, and leave them to survive a weekend in order to develop initiative, build team spirit and promote leadership skills. An alternative to the classic“chalk and talk“format, with the lecturer and obedient staff seated round

26、 a table, it all seemed wild and rather outlandish.Today, by comparison, it looks increasingly tame. A new generation of management training gurus are adopting a different approach. In Italy, stressed executives have been dressing up as gladiators to confront each other as their ancient forebears di

27、d, and in America, sales-people are herding cattle, while in Britain, one supermarket reportedly put its executives in Native American teepees for a weekend to develop a spirit of co-operation. Naturally, the originators of these new courses claim to have respectable psychological theories to back t

28、hem up.Tudor Rickards, a professor at Manchester, was intrigued when he heard about the work done by the famous horse whisperer, Monty Roberts. “The idea is that instead ofbreakingthe horse, you co-operate with it. Traditionally, you would coax a horse into a box and then reward it by slamming the d

29、oor shut. Monty leads the horse in and out of the box and offers it a reward, “ explains Professor Rickards. “ Montys approach is founded on the recognition of a foals instinctive desire to be part of the herd. “ He matched this with research from the Industrial Society, which revealed that often th

30、e difference between a successful and unsuccessful leader is trust. “As they observe the way horses react to certain behavior, participants think about how they themselves or other colleagues react to different management styles, “explains Professor Rickards. “The discussion often leads to one about

31、 experiences of bullying and abusive behavior, a discussion that might not otherwise surface in a leadership course. Weve found this helps the participants draw fine distinctions between being tough, being assertive, being supportive and being soft. “Team building is also the aim of murder mystery d

32、ays run by a company called Corporate Pursuits. Actors mingle with participants and play out a scene until someone is found“ murdered“. Clues, such as photographs, personal items or a cryptic message, are arranged around the room, and small teams, often pitted against each other, will work to solve

33、the mystery under the gaze of trained observers.Although fun and a sense of release is important, managing director Mandie Chester Bristow admits that this type of corporate clue do occasionally meets with skepticism among clients. “On one occasion, people were messing around and not taking it serio

34、usly at all, so I had to say to them, Youre behaving like a bunch of school children. “ Another challenge can be reporting the observersfindings. “We would never say, Youve failed, if they didnt identify the murderer correctly. Instead, we would praise them for the progress they made and how they wo

35、rked together as a team. “ There are lots of gimmick in training and headline-grabbing courses at the moment, but what they deliver is often variable,“ says Nick Isles of the Industrial Society. “ People often say afterwards that they enjoyed the event, but its very difficult to measure how much the

36、yve actually learned from it. “He argues that ongoing training in the work place, or courses that last months, are a better way of improving aspects of business such as productivity and customer service.（分数：31.99）(1).In the first paragraph, what does the writer say about the technique Ruth Redding f

37、ound herself practising?A. It is a way of learning how to address your boss properly.B. It is designed to help managers relax.C. It is perfectly acceptable in its original context.D. It is popular despite its eccentricity.（分数：4.57）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the writer, management training techniques i

38、n the late 1900s were regarded as _.A. undesirable B. innovative C. effective D. demoralising（分数：4.57）A.B.C.D.(3).What does the writer imply about modern management training schemes in the third paragraph?A. They have a tendency to be more exciting.B. Their content can actually create stress.C. Thei

39、r creators are convinced of their effectiveness.D. They were developed in a spirit of co-operation.（分数：4.57）A.B.C.D.(4).Rickards found Monty Robertss ideas interesting because Roberts had _.A. based his methods on traditional horse-training techniquesB. recognised the importance of developing bondin

40、g techniquesC. dispensed with the idea of rewarding the horse he was trainingD. worked tirelessly with others to come up with a new theory（分数：4.57）A.B.C.D.(5).Research carried out by Rickards and the Industrial Society showed that _.A. course discussions sometimes resulted in frank exchanges of opin

41、ionB. course participants reacted negatively to different management stylesC. participants became less supportive of one another as the courses progressedD. the bonds of trust between course participants and horses became stronger（分数：4.57）A.B.C.D.(6).What comment does Mandie Chester Bristow make abo

42、ut course participants in paragraph 6?A. They enjoy indulging in games they played in their childhood.B. Those who“lose“ the game feel they have underachieved.C. They sometimes need convincing of the value of the activities.D. They are happy in the knowledge that they are being freed from stress.（分数

43、：4.57）A.B.C.D.(7).What is Nick Isless opinion of the new-style training courses?A. Their quality is always consistent.B. Their effectiveness is quantifiable.C. Altemative courses are more easily set up.D. Altemative courses can be more efficient.（分数：4.57）A.B.C.D.二、Section B(总题数：4，分数：44.00)Being the

44、founder of the Internets largest encyclopaedia means Jimmy Wales gets a lot of bizarre emails. There are correspondents who assume he wrote Wikipedia himself and is therefore an expert on everything-like the guy who found some strange chemicals in his late grandfathers attic and wanted Wales to tell

45、 him what to do with them. There are kooks who claim to have found, say, a 9,OOO-year-old fifteen-foot human skeleton and wonder if Wales would be interested. But the emails that make him laugh out loud come from concerned newcomers who didnt know even the basic function of Wikipedia and have just d

46、iscovered they have total freedom to edit a Wikipedia entry at the click of a button. “ Oh my God, “ they write, “youve got a major security flaw. “（分数：10.00）(1).Answer the following questions with the information given in the passage in a maximum of 15 words for each question.What do people find ou

47、t when they discover they have total freedom to edit a Wikipedia entry?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).What are academics dissatisfied with about Wikipedia?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).What can people do with wikis?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Whats the purpose of the extreme action taken by Wikipedia?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).What do

48、es Wikipedia tend to encourage people to do according to Larry Sanger?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_It takes a lot of courage to deal with the fact that you have cancer. It takes even more courage to deal with losing a leg because of that cancer. However, it takes a true hero to then attempt to run across the second largest country in the world with an artificial leg in order to raise money for cancer. A man named Terry Fox was just such a hero.（分数：10.00）(1).What happened to Terry Fox when he was 18?