职称英语(综合类)14及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语(综合类)14 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.This book (embraces) many subjects.（分数：-1.00）A.adoptsB.coversC.pressesD.accepts2.Your father is (furious) about the damage you have done to the flower beds.（分数：-1.00）A.angryB.anxiousC.uncertainD.worried3.A lamp was (suspended) from the ceiling.（分数：-1.00）A.hi

2、dB.heldC.hookedD.hung4.For children, playing is an automatic and integrate (component) of growing up.（分数：-1.00）A.decisionB.reminderC.partD.restriction5.Glassmaking was the first (major) industry in the United States.（分数：-1.00）A.productiveB.profitableC.specializedD.sizable6.He is (accustomed) to work

3、ing hard.（分数：-1.00）A.anxiousB.likelyC.usedD.willing7.He (endured) all kinds of hardships in his solo sailing around the world.（分数：-1.00）A.sufferedB.experiencedC.lastedD.overcame8.Professor Clark continued his research work and (disregarded) his colleagues advice.（分数：-1.00）A.ignoredB.exploredC.realiz

4、edD.recognized9.The U.S was in 1850 a (divided) nation half slave and half free.（分数：-1.00）A.alliedB.combinedC.unitedD.separate10.Our company is (collaborating) with a Japanese firm in designing a new computer.（分数：-1.00）A.mergingB.allocatingC.communicatingD.cooperating11.They joined the army (willing

5、ly).（分数：-1.00）A.intentionallyB.consciouslyC.voluntarilyD.reluctantly12.In Toms eyes, the restaurant at the corner of the street is a very (smart) one.（分数：-1.00）A.cleverB.elegantC.loyalD.brave13.Why didnt you (show up) at the meeting yesterday?（分数：-1.00）A.comeB.presentC.turn upD.show around14.A seism

6、ograph is a (device) designed to measure vibrations of the ground.（分数：-1.00）A.elementB.telescopeC.vehicleD.instrument15.Its hard to (alter) ones habits.（分数：-1.00）A.changeB.developC.shortenD.enlargeThe Attitude For Computers As Dr. Samuel Johnson said in a different era about ladies preaching, the su

7、rprising thing about computers is not that they think less well than a man, but that they think at all. The early electronic computer did not have much going for it except a marvelous memory and some good math skills. But today the best models can be wired up to learn by experience, follow an argume

8、nt, ask proper questions and write poetry and music. They can also carry on somewhat puzzling conversations. Computers imitate life. As computers get more complete, the imitation gets better. Finally, the line between the original and the copy becomes unclear. In another 15 years or so, we will see

9、the computer as a new form of life. The opinion seems ridiculous because, for one thing, computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures. But drives can be programmed into the computers brain just as nature programmed them into our human brains as a part of the equipment for survival. Com

10、puters match people in some roles, and when fast decisions are needed in a crisis, they often surpass them. Having evolved when the pace of life was slower, the human brain has an inherent defect that prevents it from absorbing several streams of information simultaneously and acting on them quickly

11、. Throw too many things at the brain at one time and it freezes up. We are still in control, but the capabilities of computers are increasing at a fantastic rate, while raw human intelligence is changing slowly, if at all. Computer power has increased ten times every eight years since 1946. In the 1

12、990s, when the sixth generation appears, the reasoning power of an intelligence built out of silicon will begin to match that of the human brain. That does not mean the evolution of intelligence has ended on the earth. Judging by the past, we can expect that a new species will arise out of man, surp

13、assing his achievements as he has surpassed those of his predecessor. Only a carbon chemistry enthusiast would assume that the species must be mans flesh-and-blood descendants. The new kind of intelligent life is more likely to be made of silicon. （分数：-0.98）(1).Dr. Samuel Johson disapproved of ladie

14、s to preach.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(2).Today, computers are still inferior to man in terms of growth of reasoning power.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(3).In terms of making decisions, the human brain cannot be compared with the computer because in the long procedures of evol

15、ution the slow pace of life didnt require such an ability of the human brain.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(4).When he thinks highly of the development of computer science, the author doesnt mean that human beings have lost control of computers.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).Fut

16、ure man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(6).Future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic matter.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(7).Some day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a man.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC

17、.Not MentionedHints for Reading Practice 1. Most of us can find 15 minutes or half an hour each day for some specific regular activity. For example, one famous surgeon always made it a rule to spend at least 15 minutes on general reading before he went to sleep each day. Whether he went to bed at 10

18、 p. m. or 2. 30 a. m. made no difference. 2. Nearly all “Speed Reading“ courses have a “pacing“some timing device which lets the students know how many words a minute he is reading. You can do this simply by looking at your watch every 5 or 10 minutes and noting down the page number you have reached

19、. 3. Obviously there is little point in increasing your reading speed if you do not understand what you are reading. If you find you have lost the thread of the story, or you cannot remember clearly the details of what was said, re-read the section or chapter. 4. Take four or five pages of an intere

20、sting book you happen to be reading at the time. Read them as fast as you possibly can. Do not bother about whether you understand or not. If you keep doing this “lightning speed“ reading for an extended period of time, you will usually find that your “normal“ speed has increased. 5. Most paragraphs

21、 in an article have a “a topic sentence“ which expresses the central ideas. The opening paragraph often suggests the general direction and content of the piece, while paragraphs that follow expand or support the first. The closing paragraph often summarizes the very essence of what has been said. A.

22、 The Organization of an Article B. An Effective Way to Increase Reading Speed C. Set Aside Time Each Day D. Check Your Comprehension E. Check Your Reading Speed F. Hints for Reading Practice （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.

23、D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(5).Most of us can find 15 minutes or half an hour each day for_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).You can check your reading speed by_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).If you keep doing “lightning speed“ reading for a period of time, you will find that _.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(8).Most parag

24、raphs in an article have a “a topic sentence“ which _.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.Memory Class Stan Field knows what age can do to a persons memory, and hes not taking any chances with his. He chooses his food carefully and gets plenty of exercise. He also avoids stress, coca cola and cigarette smoke. Whats m

25、ore, at breakfast each morning, the 69-year-old chemical engineer swallows a plateful of pills in the hope of boosting his brain power. Michelle Amove is less than half Fields age, but no less concerned about her memory. While working round the clock to finish a degree in film studies, the 33-year-o

26、ld New Yorker had the alarming sensation that she had stopped retaining anything. “I couldnt even remember names,“ she says. “I thought, Oh, no, Im over 30. Its all downhill from here. “ Besides loading up on supplements, Amove signed up for a memory enhancing course at New Yorks Mount Siani Medical

27、 Center. And when she got there, she found herself surrounded by people who were just as worried as she was. For millions of Americans, and especially for baby boomers (生育高峰出生的人) , the demands of the Information Age conflict with a sense of declining physical power. “When boomers were in their 30s a

28、nd 40s, they launched the fitness boom,“ says Cynthia Green, the psychologist who teaches Mount Sinais memory class. “Now we have the mental-fitness boom Memory is the boomers new life-crisis issue.“ And of course a major marketing opportunity. The demand for books and seminars has never been greate

29、r, says Jack Lannom, a longtime memory trainer whose weekly TV show, “ Mind Unlimited,“ goes out to 33 million homes on the Christian Network. Anxious consumers are rushing to buy do-it-yourself programs and supplement makers are trying to sell everything but sawdust (木屑) as a brain booster. But bef

30、ore you get out your checkbook, a few questions are in order. Does everyday forgetfulness signal declining brain function? Is “megamemory“ (超级记忆) a realistic goal for normal people? And if you could have a perfect memory, would you really want it? Until recently, no one could address those issues wi

31、th much authority, but our knowledge of memory is exploding. New techniques are revealing how different parts of the brain interact to preserve meaningful experiences. Biologists are trying to understand the underlying (潜在的) chemical processes and neuroscientists (神经系统科学家) are discovering how age, s

32、tress and other factors can disrupt them. No one is close to finding the secret to perfect recall, but as youll see, that may be just as well. （分数：-1.00）(1).What does Stan Field take at breakfast?（分数：-0.20）A.Food only.B.Nothing.C.Food and pills.D.A plateful of pills only.(2).What is the meaning of “

33、working round the clock“ ?（分数：-0.20）A.Working day and night.B.Making clocks.C.Working with a clock nearby.D.Repairing clocks.(3).Many baby-boomers living in the Information Age feel that_.（分数：-0.20）A.their financial status is decliningB.their political influence is decliningC.their will power is dec

34、liningD.their physical power is declining(4).Which of the following does NOT indicate peoples enhanced awareness of the importance of memory?（分数：-0.20）A.More demand for coca cola and cigarettes.B.More demand for seminars on memory.C.More demand for memory-enhancing supplements.D.More demand for book

35、s on memory.(5).According to the writer, the secret to perfect memory_.（分数：-0.20）A.is not in sight yetB.will never be foundC.was found a long time agoD.has been foundBiotechnology Biotechnology in one form or another has flourished since prehistoric times. When the first human beings realized that t

36、hey could plant their own crops and breed their own animals, they learned to use biotechnology. The discovery that fruit juices fermented(发酵) in wine, or that milk could be converted into cheese or yogurt(酸乳酶) or that beer could be made by fermenting solutions of malt(麦芽) and hops(啤酒花) began the stu

37、dy of biotechnology. When the first bakers found that they could make a soft, spongy(多乳的) bread rather than a firm, thin cracker they were acting as fledgling(缺乏经验的) biotechnologists. The first animal breeders, realizing that different physical traits could be either magnified or lost by mating appr

38、opriate pairs of animals, engaged in the manipulations of biotechnology. What then is biotechnology? The term brings to mind different things. Some think of developing new types of animals. Others dream of almost unlimited sources of human therapeutic (治疗的) drugs. Still others envision (想象) the poss

39、ibility of growing crops that are more nutritious(有养分的) and naturally pest-resistant (有抵抗力的) to feed a rapidly growing world population. This question elicits (引发) almost as many first-thought responses as there are people to whom the question can be posed. In its purest form, the term “biotechnolog

40、y“ refers to the use of living organisms or their products to modify human health and the human environment. Prehistoric biotechnologists did this as they used yeast cells to raise bread dough(生面团) and to ferment alcoholic beverages, and bacterial cells to make cheeses and yogurts and as they bred t

41、heir strong, productive animals to make even stronger and more productive offspring. Throughout human history, we have learned a great deal about the different organisms that our ancestors used so effectively. The marked increase in our understanding of these organisms and their cell products gains

42、us the ability to control the many functions of various cells and organisms. Using the techniques of gene splicing(叠接) and recombine DNA technology, we can now actually combine the genetic elements of two or more living cells. Functioning lengths of DNA can be taken from one organism and placed into

43、 the cells of another organism. As a result, for example, we can cause bacterial cells to produce human molecules cows can produce more milk or the same amount of feed, and we can synthesize the rapeutic molecules that have never before existed. （分数：-1.00）(1).The human beings began to use biotechnol

44、ogy_.（分数：-0.20）A.when they could walk on their feetB.before they could plant their own cropsC.after they realized that they could raise their own animalsD.as soon as scientists began their studies on biotechnology(2).According to the passage, which of the following is NOT an application of biotechno

45、logy?（分数：-0.20）A.People made beer by fermenting solutions of malt and hops.B.Bakers used flour and sugar to make a firm, thin cracker which is delicious.C.Workers converted milk into cheese.D.Animal breeders mated appropriate pairs of animals to magnify their traits.(3).The term“ biotechnology“ may

46、bring different things to mind except_.（分数：-0.20）A.new types of animalsB.crops that are more nutritious and naturally pest-resistantC.stronger and more productive offspring of animalsD.rapidly growing world population(4).The sentence “This question elicits.“(para. 2) means _.（分数：-0.20）A.people have

47、different responses to the question “ What is biotechnology“B.the question “What is biotechnology“ has been posed to many peopleC.responses to the question “What is biotechnology“ should be made on the spotD.only these who are asked the question “what is biotechnology“ can answer it(5).Biotechnology

48、 enables us _.（分数：-0.20）A.to change the DNA of human beingsB.to produce more milk by increasing the number of cowsC.to increase the functions of various cells and organismsD.to find new human moleculesAmericans Decrease Increasingly, historians are blaming diseases imported from the Old World for th

49、e staggering disparity(不同) between the indigenous (本土的) population of America in 1492new estimates of which soar as high as 100 million, or approximately one-sixth of the human race at that timeand the few million full-blooded Native Americans alive at the end of the nineteenth century. There is no doubt that chronic disease was an important factor in the precipitous(险峻的) decline, and it is highly probable that the greatest killer was epidemic disease, especially as manifested in virgin-soil (处