职称英语(卫生类)1及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语(卫生类)1 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.I have a (permanent) job here.（分数：-1.00）A.newB.high-paidC.stableD.temporary2.They (debated) for hours, but could not agree on an answer.（分数：-1.00）A.consultedB.arguedC.examinedD.forgot3.The development of the transistor and integrated circuits revolutionized t

2、he electronics industry by allowing components to be packaged more (densely).（分数：-1.00）A.compactlyB.inexpensivelyC.quicklyD.carefully4.Glassmaking was the first (major) industry in the United States.（分数：-1.00）A.productiveB.profitableC.specializedD.sizable5.The earthquake has caused serious (damage)

3、to this city.（分数：-1.00）A.destructionB.hurtC.injuryD.wound6.Three straight lines meeting at three points (constitute) a triangle.（分数：-1.00）A.center onB.come down toC.consist ofD.form7.Comets are still regarded with (fright) by some people.（分数：-1.00）A.dreadB.concernC.detachmentD.resentment8.Our plan i

4、s to (allocate) one member of staff to handle appointments.（分数：-1.00）A.assignB.persuadeC.askD.order9.Our public transportation is not (sufficient) for the need of the people in our major cities.（分数：-1.00）A.additionalB.efficientC.excessiveD.adequate10.I think this is a (deliberate) insult.（分数：-1.00）A

5、.carelessB.intentionalC.humiliatingD.serious11.My little daughter kept pulling my hair and I was really (annoyed).（分数：-1.00）A.angryB.hurtC.troubledD.stimulating12.The Department of Resources notified the town council that the water supply was (contaminated).（分数：-1.00）A.cutB.dangerousC.divertedD.poll

6、uted13.He (maintained) that the opinion was wrong.（分数：-1.00）A.emphasizedB.repairedC.stuckD.helped14.The (current) edition of that magazine discusses the ancient civilization of Latin America.（分数：-1.00）A.firstB.latestC.oldD.special15.Security officials say that computer crime is easy to accomplish an

7、d hard to (detect).（分数：-1.00）A.explainB.uncoverC.discoverD.ignoreCompetition The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition

8、among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and compet

9、ition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function in the disservice of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessar

10、y because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies. Many authors have argued f

11、or the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The

12、 struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy(占有)of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble hu

13、man war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all. Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of

14、life. The successful nations grow and proper (繁荣); the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that warlike conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is

15、. （分数：-0.98）(1).In first paragraph, the author gives the definition of some terms in order to distinguish between two kinds of opposition.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(2).According to the author, competition differs from conflict in that it results in war in most cases.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.W

16、rongC.Not Mentioned(3).The phrase “function in the disservice of one another“ (Para. 1) most probably means harm each other.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(4).The author indicates in the passage that conflict can be avoided.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).The passage is probably i

17、ntended to answer the question“ Why is there conflict and competition?“（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(6).Competition is essentially a struggle for existence.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(7).Competition can lead to conflict.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not MentionedIce Cream For Dogs

18、1. Humans not only love eating ice cream, they enjoy feeding it to their pets(宠物). Market studies show that two-thirds of all dog owners give ice cream to their dogs. Unfortunately, says William Tyznik, an expert on animal nutrition(营养)at Ohio State University, ice cream is not good for dogs. “It ha

19、s milk sugar in it,“ he says,“ which dogs cannot digest very well. “ 2. Bothered by that knowledge but aware of the desire of dog owners to please their companions, Tyznik invented a new frozen treat for dogs that, he says, is more nutritious than ice creamand as much fun to eat. The product, called

20、 Frosty Paws, is made of a liquid by-product (副产品) of cheese and milk with the sugar removed. Frosty Paws also contains refined soy flour, water, vegetable oil, vitamins and minerals. It took Tyznik, who has also invented a horse feed (called Tizwhiz)and another dog food (named Tizbits), three years

21、 to perfect the Frosty Paws formulas, and two attempts to commercialize it. After losing B 25, 000 trying to market the invention himself, Tyznik sold the rights to Associated Ice Cream of Westervile, Ohio, which makes the product and packages it in cups. 3. Tyznik claims that Frosty Paws has been t

22、ested extensively and that “dogs love it“. Of 1,400 dogs that have been offered the product, he says, 89 percent took it on the first try. Three out of four preferred it to Milk-Bone or sausages. The product, which will be available in the ice-cream section of supermarkets, comes in packs of three o

23、r four cups, costing between 6 1. 79. 4. What would happen if a human should mistake Frosty Paws for real ice cream? Nothing, says Tyznik. Its harmless, but frankly, he says, it wont taste very good. A. The price of Frosty Paws B. No harm to human C. The creation of a new kind of ice cream for dogs

24、D. Harm to human E. Feeding ice-creams to dogs F. Attraction to dogs （分数：-1.04）(1).Para 1（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(2).Para 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Para 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Para 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(5).Dogs cant digest_ very well.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).The ice cream for dogs is made of a liquid_.（分数：-

25、0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(7).The ice cream can be bought in_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(8).It is sold in packs of 3 or 4_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.The Asian Flu Virus In 1957, a doctor in Singapore noticed that hospitals were treating an unusual number of influenza-like cases. Influenza is sometimes called “flu“ or as “

26、bad cold“. He took specimens from the throats of patients in his hospital and was able to find the virus of this influenza. There are three main types of the influenza virus. The most important of these are types A and B, each of them having several sub-groups. With the instruments at the hospital t

27、he doctor recognized that the outbreak was due to a virus group A, but he did not know the sub-group. He reported the outbreak to the World Health Organization in Geneva. W. H. 0. published the important news alongside reports of a similar outbreak in Hong Kong, where about 15%-20% of the population

28、 had become ill. As soon as the London doctors received the package of throat samples, they began the standard tests. They found that by reproducing itself at a very high speed, the virus had multiplied more than a million times within two days. Continuing their careful tests, the doctors checked th

29、e effect of drugs used against all the known sub-groups of type A virus on this virus. None of them gave any protection. This then, was something new: a new influenza virus against which the people of the world had no ready help whatsoever. Having isolated the virus they were working with, the two d

30、octors now conducted tests on some specially selected animals, which contract influenza in the same way as human beings do. In a short time the usual signs of the disease appeared. These experiments revealed that the new virus spread easily, but that it was not a killer. Scientists, like general pub

31、lic, called it simply “Asian“ flu. （分数：-1.00）(1).The Asian flu virus_.（分数：-0.20）A.was a killerB.was very weakC.could reproduce very quicklyD.died very fast(2).“The outbreak, was due to a virus“ (in para. 2) means that it was _ by a virus.（分数：-0.20）A.killedB.foundC.causedD.weakened(3).The main idea o

32、f this passage is that_.（分数：-0.20）A.a new virus was noticedB.doctors throughout the world treated influenza-like patientsC.W. H. 0.paid attention to influenzaD.people in Asia were likely to catch influenza(4).It can be inferred from this passage that the Asian flu _.（分数：-0.20）A.could not be cured by

33、 any known drugB.could be cured quite easilyC.was a deadly diseaseD.had been known before(5).The word “specimens“ (in para 1) means_.（分数：-0.20）A.bloodB.skinC.samplesD.soresOld Mothers Children Have Higher Diabetes (糖尿病) Risk Children of older mothers run a higher risk of developing insulin-dependent

34、 (胰岛素依赖型的) diabetes, the British Medical Journal said. “A strong association was found between increasing maternal (母亲的) age at delivery and risk of (insulin-dependent) diabetes in the child. Risk was highest in firstborn children and decreased progressively with higher birth order,“ Professor Edwin

35、 Gale and colleagues at Southmead Hospital in Bristol said. Diabetes is a serious, incurable, lifelong disease characterized (以作为特性) by all inability to control the amount of sugar in the blood. Insulin-dependent diabetes, which mainly affects children, is treated by administering the hormone insuli

36、n. Gale looked into 1,375 families in the Oxford area where one or more children had diabetes and found that the risk of a child developing insulin-dependent diabetes increased by 25 percent for each five-year band of the mothers age. The risk of developing diabetes was also linked to the age of the

37、 father. For every five-year band of the fathers age the risk of the child developing diabetes increased by nine percent. The risk of diabetes was high?est among the firstborn children of mothers who started their families late and the risk decreased by about 15 percent for each subsequent child, th

38、e BMJ said. The older the mother, the earlier the start of insulin-dependent diabetes in the child. Other studies have already shown that children born to older mothers, over the age of 35, have an increased risk of diabetes but this study is the first to establish that risk increases continuously i

39、n relation to increasing maternal age, Dr. Polly Bingley of Southmead Hospital told Reuters (路透社). The new study is the first to show that risk is related to birth order. The study also partly explains increasing diabetes. Between 1970 and 1996 the proportion of children born to mothers aged between

40、 30 and 34 increased to 28 percent from 15 percent and this could account for rising numbers of childhood diabetes patients, the scientists said in the alarming increase in the rate of (insulin-dependent) diabetes among children in recent years. “This study may well provide a clue to the understandi

41、ng of this problem. It is most likely that there are a number of factors to explain the increase,“ Diabetes UK said. There are some 1.4 million diagnosed diabetes sufferers in Britain, the charity Diabetes UK said. Of these 1.4 million sufferers there are 20,000 people under age 20 who suffer from i

42、nsulin-dependent diabetes. （分数：-1.00）(1).According to the passage, the risk of a child developing insulin-dependent diabetes is linked to all the following factors EXCEPT_.（分数：-0.20）A.the amount of sugar he or she consumesB.the age of the fatherC.birth orderD.the maternal age at delivery(2).What kin

43、d of child may be at the highest risk of developing insulin-dependent diabetes?（分数：-0.20）A.The first-born children whose mothers started their families late.B.The children whose mothers are five years younger than their fathers.C.The third-born children whose fathers got married late.D.The children

44、whose fathers are five years younger than their mothers.(3).What is the correlation between the mothers age and the time when the child develops insulin-dependent diabetes?（分数：-0.20）A.The younger the mother, the earlier the start of diabetes in the child.B.The older the mother, the later the start o

45、f diabetes in the child.C.The older the mother, the earlier the start of diabetes in the child.D.The mothers age has little to do with the time when the child develops insulin-dependent diabetes.(4).According to the passage, the alarming increase in the rate of diabetes among children in the UK may

46、partly be explained by the rise in_.（分数：-0.20）A.the incidence of diabetes in the whole countryB.the proportion of children born to mothers aged above 30C.the supply of diabetes medicinesD.the number of newborn babies(5).How many diagnosed diabetes patients are there in Britain?（分数：-0.20）A.About twen

47、ty thousand.B.About one million and four thousand.C.About one million and four hundred thousand.D.About one million and four hundred.How to Be a Nurse The physicians in a hospital form the core of the medical staff. But they could not provide effective medical care to their patients without the help

48、 of numerous other medical employees. From the view point of the patients, the nursing staff is particularly important. Nurses are usually in close contact with patients as long as they are in the hospital. A nurse does not study for as many years as a doctor. However each must be equally dedicated.

49、 Caring for sick persons requires a great deal of patience and concern. Most nurses work long days, and they often must work at odd hours or during the night. Under the supervision of the head nurse, the nursing staff must provide nursing services on a 24-hour basis and attend to patients needs. This responsibility continues around the clock, and so nurses must work in shifts. A shift is a period of duty usually eight in length. The nurses on the ward rotate their shifts. Some take turns working night duty; others work o