托福真题2010年1月15日及答案解析.doc

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1、托福真题 2010 年 1 月 15 日及答案解析(总分：30.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSPEAKING/B(总题数：6，分数：30.00)1.People have a lot of ways to make friends. What do you think is a good way to make friends? Include specific reasons and details in your explanation.（分数：5.00）_2.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? “It is

2、important to remember the past and learn things from the past.“ Use specific reasons to support your answer.（分数：5.00）_3.A Letter from a StudentA letter written by a student proposes that the running trails around campus be paved over with cement. His suggestion is based on the following consideratio

3、ns: First, the current trails are made of sand and always get muddy after it rains. The runners slip very easily on the sandy trails. However, a cement trail would be skid-proof and much safer. Second, cement trails look nicer, and would attract more runners.Question: The man expresses his opinion t

4、owards the student letter. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.（分数：5.00）_4.Experimental EffectExperimental effect is an interesting phenomenon that occurs when researchers perform experiments. The accuracy of the experimental outcome turns out just as hypothes

5、ized or expected - not because of the knowledge or the methods of the researchers, but because their expectations tend to affect the processes and results of the experiment. For example, a researcher who predicts that the outcome of the experiment will not be the expected one may take actions that m

6、ake the unexpected result more likely, thus fulfilling the original hypothesis.Question: The professor gives an example to illustrate the “experimental effect“ phenomenon. Explain how this example is related to the reading passage.（分数：5.00）_5.Question: Briefly summarize the problem and the possible

7、solutions, Then state which solution you recommend and explain why.（分数：5.00）_6.Question: summarize the lecture and explain how different eyes positions of birds can help them to prey and avoid predators.（分数：5.00）_托福真题 2010 年 1 月 15 日答案解析(总分：30.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSPEAKING/B(总题数：6，分数：30.00)1.People have

8、 a lot of ways to make friends. What do you think is a good way to make friends? Include specific reasons and details in your explanation.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：()解析：Meeting people and making friends can be challenging sometimes. However, it doesnt have to be so hard. I have my own approach to make friends.

9、 First, I believe that people like to know theyre being heard and that their ideas are appreciated. By being a good listener, you let others know that you value what they have to say and can show them respect. Second, keeping eye contact and asking questions about what they are saying are also impor

10、tant ways to make friends. This will ensure the conversation goes well and builds up mutual trust between you and your new friends.2.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? “It is important to remember the past and learn things from the past.“ Use specific reasons to support your answ

11、er.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：()解析：It is very important to remember the past and learn things from it, especially the mistakes. Making mistakes can be a painful experience for you and others, but its part of being human and will ultimately help you develop your character, self-awareness and understanding for ot

12、hers. Also, whether youre an average guy or a world leader, past experiences can provide you with more opportunities.3.A Letter from a StudentA letter written by a student proposes that the running trails around campus be paved over with cement. His suggestion is based on the following consideration

13、s: First, the current trails are made of sand and always get muddy after it rains. The runners slip very easily on the sandy trails. However, a cement trail would be skid-proof and much safer. Second, cement trails look nicer, and would attract more runners.Question: The man expresses his opinion to

14、wards the student letter. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：()解析：A student wrote a letter that proposes paving the running trails with cement, because the current sandy trails get muddy after raining, and a cement track would look better. The

15、man dislikes the proposal because the cement trail would hurt runners bones and joints during long-distance running. Also, the sandy trails are comfortable and keep runners close to nature. More students would enjoy the soft, pliant path, and relax much more easily. 听力原文 W: Look! A student is trying

16、 to convince the school to pave the running trails with cement. More students would enjoy jogging on the new trails if the school follows the suggestion. M: You really think this idea is great? That would be the most ridiculous decision the school has ever made if they follow through with it. W: Why

17、 do you say so? M: You dont jog, do you? The surface of a cement trail would be very hard. In long-term running, runners bones and joints will be injured easily by the hard surface. The hard surface wont be as safe as they say; the sand trails are probably better. W: Maybe you are right. But at leas

18、t we can have nice looking running trails. M: Come on! Youre concerned with whats probably the least important part. A cement surface may look good, but runners would be far from relaxed. They would be unable to enjoy the nature around them. W: Yeah, that is true.4.Experimental EffectExperimental ef

19、fect is an interesting phenomenon that occurs when researchers perform experiments. The accuracy of the experimental outcome turns out just as hypothesized or expected - not because of the knowledge or the methods of the researchers, but because their expectations tend to affect the processes and re

20、sults of the experiment. For example, a researcher who predicts that the outcome of the experiment will not be the expected one may take actions that make the unexpected result more likely, thus fulfilling the original hypothesis.Question: The professor gives an example to illustrate the “experiment

21、al effect“ phenomenon. Explain how this example is related to the reading passage.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：()解析：Experimental effect is an interesting phenomenon which happens when performing experiments. A researchers expectations tend to affect the process and outcome of the experiment. For example, two grou

22、ps of monkeys were trained to pick up balls and put them into boxes. The monkeys have the same level of intelligence, but the researchers were told the monkeys in the first group are smarter than those in the second group. Later, the experiment showed that the first group fulfilled the task two hour

23、s faster than the second group. The reason for such an outcome is that the researchers spent more effort on and gave more encouragement to the first group because they believed the monkeys in the group were more intelligent than the other group. 听力原文 M: Lets talk about experimental effect today. Gen

24、erally speaking, people mostly behave as expected. If we expect people to be friendly, they are more likely to be so than if we expect them to be hostile, and we treat them accordingly. Therefore, researchers can affect the outcome of experiments, biasing them in the direction of whatever their expe

25、ctations are. Here is one example: two groups of monkeys were given training in a method of putting balls into the boxes. The researchers were told that the monkeys in the first group had higher IQ than the monkeys in the second group. However, in fact the monkeys were of similar intelligence, which

26、 was unknown to the researchers. Later, the researchers trained these monkeys to pick balls and put them into the boxes. The results turned out that the first group did the task two hours faster than the second group. This way, the monkeys in the first group “proved“ to be more intelligent than thos

27、e in the second group. The reason behind that outcome was that the researchers were more enthusiastic and patient with the first group. The monkeys of that group received more smiles and encouragement than those in the second group.5.Question: Briefly summarize the problem and the possible solutions

28、, Then state which solution you recommend and explain why.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：()解析：The woman was about to play a concert with her white shirt. But the shirt was stained by spaghetti source, and she cant wear it anymore. Faced with this problem, she has three solutions. First, she can go home to wash it o

29、r change into another shirt. Second, she can also wear an off-white shirt and hope the audience will not notice. Third, she can borrow a shirt from her roommate. I think the second option is better, because the concert is about to start in one hour, and the shirt wont dry if she washes it. And she d

30、oesnt have time to buy another one, either. However, wearing an off-white shirt might be the best solution in this situation since there is no other way out. 听力原文 M: Hi, Lucy. What happened to your shirt? W: Oh, theres a spaghetti sauce stain on it. I cant wear it this today. M: That happens sometim

31、es. Dont worry; you can go home, wash it, and change into something else. W: No way. I am about to perform in a production in one hour, and I was supposed to wear a white shirt in the play. I dont think I have time left to wash it or buy a new one. M: Right, if you only have one hour before the show

32、, then it is a serious problem. Heres a solution - do you have any shirts which are not exactly white, but off-white? You can explain to your director and see if he or she would allow you to wear that one. W: Yeah, I have one, and our director says that we can wear an off-white shirt in an emergency

33、. Id be totally embarrassed, though, the audience might see it and think its strange. M: If thats the case, you may want to borrow a white shirt from your roommate. Hows your relationship with your roommate? W: I am not sure if she can lend me one. Plus, I have never borrowed something from my roomm

34、ate. On top of that, shes out of town and I cant reach her right now. I definitely dont want to take something of hers without permission. Shed get angry about that. M: This is a tough question.6.Question: summarize the lecture and explain how different eyes positions of birds can help them to prey

35、and avoid predators.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：()解析：According to the lecture, birds in the natural world have better vision than human beings because of the position of their eyes. Some birds, like hawks, have eyes on the front of their skull, so this eye position allows them to judge distance and change speed

36、accurately when hunting for food. Other birds, like ducks, have eyes on either side of the skull. With this kind of eye position, they are more alert towards approaching enemies and can avoid danger. 听力原文 W: Look around you; you probably think you see the world pretty clearly. It is hard for us to i

37、magine an animal like a bird seeing better than we do, but many do. Birds depend on vision to hunt prey and avoid predators. The positions of their eyes are extremely important for their survival. The position of a birds eyes has two types of configurations, according to biologists. The first type o

38、f position is where the eyes are in the front of the skull, just like human eyes. Birds with such an eye position have accurate sight to find food. For example, hawks can see a tiny mouse from miles away. They can judge distance and change speed to accurately catch prey. Other birds eyes are placed

39、on either side of the skull. This type of position enables birds to watch approaching predators from both sides and avoid attacks from predators. Ducks are a kind of bird with such an eye position. This allows them to always be cautious towards any approaching dangers from predators like a fox, and avoid their bites at the last second.