托福真题2009年9月20日及答案解析.doc

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1、托福真题 2009年 9月 20日及答案解析(总分：30.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSPEAKING/B(总题数：6，分数：30.00)1.Describe the favorite subject you have studied. Explain why it is your favorite subject. Include reasons and details to support your response.（分数：5.00）_2.“Children should be required to help with household tasks as soon as the

2、y are old enough to do so.“ Do you agree or disagree with the above statement? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.（分数：5.00）_3.A Complaint LetterThis letter is written to express some dissatisfaction about the schools recent decision. The school has decided to ho

3、ld a cultural festival in the next week, and the school bus will be cancelled to create convenience for the cultural festival. Personally, I think this decision will have negative influence on college students life. The first reason is that the noise made outside the dorm by the entertainment activi

4、ty will disturb our study, especially in the revision period for the examination. Also. cancelling the school bus will bring students some inconvenience to commune from their dorm to the school.Question: The woman expresses her opinion towards the complaint letter. State her opinion and explain the

5、reasons she gives for holding that opinion.（分数：5.00）_4.Learning by ObservationLearning by observation is an important advantage. That is, the hard lessons learned by one individual can be readily copied by others. Infants can learn what foods to eat, what foods to avoid, what animals are dangerous p

6、redators, what animals are preys, and so on. Learning by observation has long been believed to be exclusive to human beings and animals can only learn through training. However, recent studies show that numerous animals have been found to be able to learn from observation, including chimpanzees, dol

7、phins and birds. In fact, they learn faster by observation than by training.Question: The professor uses two experiments to illustrate the definition of “learning by observation“. Explain how these two experiments are related to the reading passage.（分数：5.00）_5.Question: Briefly summarize the problem

8、 and two possible solutions. Then state which solution you recommend and explain why.（分数：5.00）_6.Question: summarize the lecture and explain why birds can fly so long a distance.（分数：5.00）_托福真题 2009年 9月 20日答案解析(总分：30.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSPEAKING/B(总题数：6，分数：30.00)1.Describe the favorite subject you have

9、studied. Explain why it is your favorite subject. Include reasons and details to support your response.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：()解析：My favorite subject is English. I like this subject because I think I have some talents in learning a foreign language. I never deliberately memorize the vocabularies and I can

10、remember the new words well. I am always the first one to answer the teachers questions in English class. Also, learning English can broaden my horizon. Now I can read international news and watch American movies directly from the U.S. websites. It makes me feel so cool.2.“Children should be require

11、d to help with household tasks as soon as they are old enough to do so.“ Do you agree or disagree with the above statement? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：()解析：I agree that children should be required to help with household tasks so long as th

12、ey are old enough. The first reason is that it is the right time we do something to return our love to our parents. They have been taken care of us all along the way for so many years, and doing some house chores is what we can do to relieve their burden. Also, by doing housework, we can develop lif

13、e skills and it will benefit us throughout our lifetime. If we choose to study abroad someday, and we even cannot make a simple omelet; thats really a shame!3.A Complaint LetterThis letter is written to express some dissatisfaction about the schools recent decision. The school has decided to hold a

14、cultural festival in the next week, and the school bus will be cancelled to create convenience for the cultural festival. Personally, I think this decision will have negative influence on college students life. The first reason is that the noise made outside the dorm by the entertainment activity wi

15、ll disturb our study, especially in the revision period for the examination. Also. cancelling the school bus will bring students some inconvenience to commune from their dorm to the school.Question: The woman expresses her opinion towards the complaint letter. State her opinion and explain the reaso

16、ns she gives for holding that opinion.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：()解析：Someone wrote a complaint letter to the school authority to express dissatisfaction towards the schools policy to hold a cultural event outside the dorm and to cancel the school bus. The woman did not agree with the complaint letter. Firstly,

17、 students should go to the library to do revision and the library is always the quiet place. She said that was a reasonable choice for most of the students. Also, the woman thought the letter was just exaggerating the seriousness of the situation. The campus is small and it wont take long to go arou

18、nd the campus. Anyway, the school bus can continue to run after a couple of hours when the event is over. 听力原文 M: Have you read the complaint letter on the school newspaper? W: Yes, and I dont think either of the two reasons are convincing. M: What made you say so? W: The letter said that the noise

19、made outside the dorm would disturb students study; however, the fact is that most of students choose to study in the school library. In this way, the activity definitely will not affect students revision at all and the school can gain its reputation by holding this big event. Anyway, library seems

20、to be a quieter place to achieve better learning proficiency. M: At least the decision on cancelling the school bus will bring some trouble to our life. W: Well, the letter is just making a fuss. It wont be so serious because our campus is so small that it only takes 30 minutes walk to go around the

21、 campus. After all, the cancellation will only be made for a couple of hours and students can continue their normal life right after the end of the event. M: I can see where you are.4.Learning by ObservationLearning by observation is an important advantage. That is, the hard lessons learned by one i

22、ndividual can be readily copied by others. Infants can learn what foods to eat, what foods to avoid, what animals are dangerous predators, what animals are preys, and so on. Learning by observation has long been believed to be exclusive to human beings and animals can only learn through training. Ho

23、wever, recent studies show that numerous animals have been found to be able to learn from observation, including chimpanzees, dolphins and birds. In fact, they learn faster by observation than by training.Question: The professor uses two experiments to illustrate the definition of “learning by obser

24、vation“. Explain how these two experiments are related to the reading passage.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：()解析：Learning by observation is an important advantage. The professor discussed two experiments carried out on octopi to prove that learning by observation is not exclusive to human beings. First, scientists

25、 trained an octopus which was rewarded if he bumped into a red ball in a tank and punished if he bumped into a white ball. While he was doing this, the second octopus next-door watched each step repeatedly. When the second octopus was placed in the tank with both red and white balls available, he au

26、tomatically bumped into the red one because he has learned by observation that by doing so he would be rewarded. In a separate experiment, another octopus that observed two times how to open a glass jar solved the problem at the first trial. 听力原文 M: Now we believe that learning by observation is not

27、 exclusive to human beings. This conclusion was proven by a series of experiments carried out on octopi. First, scientists were training an octopus. That is, the octopus was rewarded if he bumped into a red ball in a tank while he was punished if he bumped into a white ball. While the first octopus

28、was doing this, the second octopus next-door was allowed to watch repeatedly each step the first one took. When the second octopus was placed in the tank with both red and white balls available, he automatically bumped into the red one because he had learned by observation that by doing so he would

29、be rewarded. In a separate experiment, another octopus was learning to open a glass jar. The naive octopus that observed two times the solution of the jar problem, later in isolation, solved the same problem at the first trail without any significant error. These results suggest that octopi are able

30、 to learn fairly rapidly by observing specific performances of the same task.5.Question: Briefly summarize the problem and two possible solutions. Then state which solution you recommend and explain why.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：()解析：The woman faces a problem that she cant find a right place to hold a lecture

31、for her business club. The man came up with two solutions: one is to hold the lecture at her house and the other is to book a hotel conference room. Personally, I prefer the latter one. Just as the woman said, because her room is messy and she has no time to clean it up, it will be inappropriate to

32、hold a formal academic lecture there. Also, about the high cost of the hotel booking, the woman can explain the situation to the professor and he may cut some lecture fee so that they can afford the rent. Anyway, some payment is necessary to hold this important lecture. 听力原文 M: Hi, Jane, you look wo

33、rried. Is there anything wrong? W: Well, I had intended to invite one speaker to give a lecture to my business club; however, the former place we have booked is not available now because the landlord has just changed his mind. I dont know if I can find a suitable place in such a short notice. M: Eas

34、y, Jane. Why not invite the professor and your club members to your own house? Everyone is familiar with your house and I heard you often get together there. W: It is OK for just me and my fellow members. But the professor, he is a very noble scholar with renowned reputation. My messy house really w

35、ould make him feel embarrassed because it is scattered with daily stuffs everywhere. M: Why not just clean it up before his coming? W: I dont really have the time to do an inside-out cleaning and I really do not want to leave him a bad impression about our club. M: Then, you can have your lecture in

36、 a hotel. I know some of the hotels offer conference rooms that are tidy and comfortable. W: Not a bad idea. The only problem is that the rent will be very high. Our club has just been organized and I dont want to collect the club fee just two weeks after the last collection.6.Question: summarize th

37、e lecture and explain why birds can fly so long a distance.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：()解析：The lecture talks about some in-born abilities of migratory birds to achieve long-distance migration. One important factor is that they can eat sufficient food to store enough energy for a long-distance travel. Some birds

38、 can store fuels by doubling their weights in case of a 24-hour flight. Another proficient method is thermal soaring, which means that birds can fly upward more easily with the help of thermals. For example, the bird Argentavis can depend on the energy acquired from the pampas to glide even though i

39、t has a large body. Also, the birds will reduce their flapping frequency to save more energy. 听力原文 W: Migration is the regular seasonal journey undertaken by many species of birds. Long-distance migration depends on a multitude of factors: physical, geographical, historical and ecological factors. W

40、e will discuss how they are likely to affect migration. One of the main reasons why birds can fly so long a distance is that they have reserved sufficient energy for a long-distance flight. Any physical movement would involve an energy cost, which is typically taken from stored fuel during long-dist

41、ance migration. It has been suggested that, in order to prepare for their long journey, most birds would deposit fuel stores before their flights. Some migrants would almost double their body weights by storing fat before migration. The hummingbird weighs only 4.8 grams and can use stored fat to fue

42、l a non-stop, 24-hour flight. Another effective means of migration is thermal soaring, which means that birds can gain altitude by riding up thermals and convert height advantages into distance by gliding. Argentavis is probably too large a bird to be capable of continuous flapping flight, so they w

43、ould have extracted energy from the atmosphere for flight, relying on the thermals present on the Argentinean pampas to provide power for soaring. Argentavis is an excellent glider, which could take off by running downhill. Whats more, when birds are on their migration journey, they will reduce the flapping frequency to save their energy.