托福-6 (1)及答案解析.doc
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1、托福-6 (1)及答案解析(总分:109.50,做题时间:90 分钟)一、READING(总题数:0,分数:0.00)二、Set 1(总题数:2,分数:6.00)Air Pollution and Acid RainThe increasing variety and prevalence of pollution presents the world with many extremely daunting problems, air pollution in particular ranks among the most serious. In the following text, ai
2、r pollution and acid rain caused by automobiles will be discussed. Certain solutions to the problem will be provided in the conclusion.It is widely known that cars are the main cause of air pollution in cities, accounting for 60% to 90% of all air pollution. This will get worse as the number of cars
3、 increases in urban areas. How do cars cause air pollution? First we must examine how a car works. Theres a mixture of petrol in the cars internal combustion engine which create the force for the automobile to move. Unfortunately, in this process there are some poisonous chemicals which remain; thes
4、e poisonous chemicals mainly come out of the car through the exhaust, its not just what comes out of the car exhaust that is dangerous, the brake system also causes pollution. Brakes on cars release asbestos, it is a highly dangerous substance and it can kill humans. Also, the tires themselves give
5、off small rubber particles which are not very healthy.Acid rain caused by air pollution has strongly influenced peoples lives. It is almost impossible to describe the mathematical relationship between what goes up as pollutant emissions and what comes down as acid rain. However, we do know the prima
6、ry source of acid rain is the pollution released by power plants. The pollutants combine with moisture in the atmosphere and then fall as an acid rain. Germans often call it royal water, because it can break down gold.The royal water falls in the form of rain or snow on the German Black Forest and a
7、ttacks the soil. Microorganisms within the soil perish and metals harmful to trees like aluminum leak into the ground. At the same time, the acid rain attacks the trees leaves and dissolves their waxy coating. The leaves then shrivel and die. About one in every ten trees in the Black Forest is a fir
8、. 76% of all firs in the Black Forest are dying. 41% of all spruce are diseased, 43% of all pine are diseased, 26% of beech trees and 16% of all other trees are dying. Environmental groups like Green Peace campaign around Europe trying to stop the causes of acid rain.We need to find solutions to thi
9、s problem. First, we should try and discourage the overuse of cars. We could do this by raising taxes on petrol or by making cars more expensive.Second, we can encourage alternative methods of transportation. For example, in Shanghai recently, a subway has been built underground, which takes some of
10、 the pressure off the roads. Some people would rather use the underground than drive their cars. Next, we could develop and use cleaner fuels instead of petrol. For example, we might use natural gas in the future or we might experiment with battery powered cars.Finally, the actual by-products of veh
11、icle emissions must be managed. (A) Scientists and engineers are now trying to use mechanical means for reducing the amount of chemicals that are emitted from cars exhaust pipes. (B) Germany is now leading the way in attacking this part of the problem. (C) In order to clean up motor vehicle emission
12、s, all new cars in Germany must now meet new emission standards and be fitted with a device called a catalytic converter. (D) This is a device that is fixed over the exhaust and controls the carbon monoxide and other dangerous chemicals that cars give off. Like Germany, the United States also introd
13、uced strict clean air-controls on motor vehicle emissions in the mid-70s as part of their efforts to reduce acid rain. Its unlikely that any one of these solutions will work on its own. It will take a combination of all four of these solutions to help solve the air pollution problem.(分数:5.50)(1).The
14、 word daunting in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.(分数:0.50)A.solvableB.frighteningC.promisingD.intrepid(2).The word exhaust in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _.(分数:0.50)A.fatigueB.outletC.waste gasesD.extension(3).In Paragraph 3, the author describes the relationship between pollutant e
15、missions and acid rain by _.(分数:0.50)A.arguing that acid rain results from photosynthesis rather than from combinationB.describing the process of combining smoke and moisture in the atmosphereC.identifying various types of pollutants in the atmosphereD.comparing the scientific concept to a familiar
16、human experience(4).According to the passage, why is acid rain called royal water?(分数:0.50)A.Because it can dissolve gold which is the symbol of royalty.B.Because it seldom happens and is regarded as precious.C.Because “royal“ indicates the level of difficulty in acid rain prevention.D.Because this
17、problem has aroused the attention of royalty.(5).The word dissolves in Paragraph 4 refers to _.(分数:0.50)A.collapseB.convokeC.meltD.terminate(6).All of the following are mentioned in Paragraph 2 as contributing to how cars cause air pollution EXCEPT _.(分数:0.50)A.the brakes on cars give off asbestos b
18、ad for healthB.car combustion emits poisonous chemicalsC.catalytic converters also produces poisonous chemicalsD.tires give off small rubber particles harmful to health(7).The word shrivel in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _.(分数:0.50)A.vaporizeB.collapseC.shrinkD.evaporate(8).According to the
19、passage, which of the following is true of acid rain?(分数:0.50)A.Tree leaves die of lack of water from acid rain.B.Spruce growth is accelerated by acid rain.C.Acid rain kills the microorganisms within the soil.D.Beech trees suffer more than other trees in acid rain.(9).According to the passage, all o
20、f the following are the solutions recommended EXCEPT _.(分数:0.50)A.raising taxes on petrolB.encouraging the use of mass transitC.using catalytic convertersD.making cars more expensive(10).In Paragraph 7, the author suggests that the solutions to the problems _.(分数:0.50)A.prove to be effective.B.need
21、the worlds attention.C.should work together.D.function effectively individually.(11).Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Use of the converter requires people to switch to lead-free petrol.Where would the sentence best fit?(分数:0.50)A.Squar
22、e .B.Square .C.Square .D.Square .1.Directions: Complete the table by matching the phrases below. Select the appropriate phrases from the answer choices and match them to the problems and solutions to which they relate. TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used. This question is worth 4 points./r/n
23、/r/n Solutions/r/n Problems/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n Answer Choices A. Reduce the price of cars. B. Produce poisonous chemicals in combustion engines. C. Fit the car with a catalytic converter. D. Use cleaner fuels rather than petrol. E. Cau
24、ses pollution by the brakes. F. Encourage alternative methods of transportation. G. Gives off small rubber particles by the tires. H. Raise taxes on petrol. I. Accelerates the growth of microorganisms within the soil.(分数:0.50)_三、Set 2(总题数:2,分数:6.50)Coming Soon: the Next Great Flu EpidemicThe virus f
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- 托福 61 答案 解析 DOC