翻译三级笔译实务-27及答案解析.doc

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1、翻译三级笔译实务-27 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section English Ch(总题数：1，分数：60.00)1.People remember emotionally charged events more easily than they recall the quotidian. A sexual encounter trumps doing the grocery shopping. A mugging trumps a journey to work. Witnessing a massacre trumps pretty well anyth

2、ing you can imagine.That is hardly surprising. Rare events that might have an impact on an individuals survival or reproduction should have a special fast lane into the memory bankand they do. It is called the 2b-adrenoceptor, and it is found in the amygdala, a part of the brain involved in processi

3、ng strong emotions such as fear. The role of the 2b-adrenoceptor is to promote memory formationbut only if it is stimulated by adrenaline. Since emotionally charged events are often accompanied by adrenaline secretion, the 2b-adrenoceptor acts as a gatekeeper that decides what will be remembered and

4、 what discarded.However, the gene that encodes this receptor comes in two varieties. That led Dominique de Quervain, of the University of Zurich, to wonder if people with one variant would have better emotional memories than those with the other. The short answer, just published in Nature Neuroscien

5、ce, is that they do. Moreover, since the frequencies of the two variants are different in different groups of people, whole populations may have different mixtures of emotional memory.The reason Dr. de Quervain suspected the variants might work differently is that the rarer one looks like the common

6、er one when the latter has a memory-enhancing drug called yohimbine attached to it. His prediction, therefore, was that better emotional memory would be associated with the rarer version.And that did, indeed, turn out to be the case in. his first experiment. This involved showing students photograph

7、s of positive scenes such as families playing together, negative scenes such as car accidents, and neutral ones, such as people on the phone. Those students with at least one gene for the rarer version of the protein (everyone has two such genes, one from his father and one from his mother) were twi

8、ce as good at remembering details of emotionally charged scenes than were those with only the common version. When phone-callers were the subject, there was no difference in the quality of recall.That is an interesting result, but some of Dr. de Quervains colleagues at the University of Konstanz, in

9、 Germany, were able to take it further in a second experiment. In fact, they took it all the way along a dusty road in Uganda, to the Nakivale refugee camp. This camp is home to hundreds of refugees of the Rwandan civil war of 1994.In this second experiment the researchers were not asking about phot

10、ographs. With the help of specially trained interviewers, they recorded how often people in the camp suffered flashbacks and nightmares about their wartime experiences. They then compared those results with the 2b-adreno-ceptor genes in their volunteers. As predicted, those with the rare version had

11、 significantly more flashbacks than those with only the common one.Besides bolstering Dr. de Quervains original hypothesis, this result is interesting because only 12% of the refugees had the rarer gene. In Switzerland, by contrast, 30% of the population has the rare varietyand the Swiss are not nor

12、mally regarded as an emotional people.Whether that result has wider implications remains to be seen. Human genetics has a notorious history of jumping to extravagant conclusions from scant data, but that does not mean conclusions should be ducked if the data are good. In this case, the statistics su

13、ggest Rwanda may have been lucky: the long-term mental-health effects of the war may not be as widespread as they would have been in people with a different genetic mix. On the other hand, are those who easily forget the horrors of history condemned to repeat them?（分数：60.00）_二、Section Chinese-En(总题数

14、：1，分数：40.00)2.清晨 3:45进行了最后表决。经过半年的争辩和最后 16个小时的国会激烈辩论，澳大利亚北部地区(即澳北州)成了世界上第一个允许医生根据病人意愿结束绝症患者生命的合法当局。这一法案是以 15票通过对 10票反对的无可争议的结果通过的。这一消息几乎同时出现在互联网上。身处地球另一端的加拿大死亡权利执行主席约翰霍夫塞斯收到这条消息后便通过协会的网上服务站“死亡之网”发了公告。他说：“我们一整天都在发布公告，这么做当然不是因为澳大利亚出了什么事情，而是因为这是要载入世界历史的。”这一立法的深刻意义可能要过一段时间才能为人们所理解。澳北州所通过的晚期病人权益法使得无论是内科医

15、生还是普通市民都同样地力图从道义和实际意义两方面来对待这一问题。有些人如释重负，另一些人，包括教会人士、生之权利组织成员以及澳大利亚医学会成员则进行了猛烈抨击，并谴责其草率通过。而安乐死潮流将不可逆转。在澳大利亚，人口老龄化、延长寿命技术以及公众态度的变化都在发挥着各自的作用。其他州也准备考虑制定类似的法规来处理安乐死问题。在美国和加拿大，死亡权利运动正在积蓄力量，观察家正等待着多米诺骨牌开始倒下。（分数：40.00）_翻译三级笔译实务-27 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section English Ch(总题数：1，分数：60.00)1.People remem

16、ber emotionally charged events more easily than they recall the quotidian. A sexual encounter trumps doing the grocery shopping. A mugging trumps a journey to work. Witnessing a massacre trumps pretty well anything you can imagine.That is hardly surprising. Rare events that might have an impact on a

17、n individuals survival or reproduction should have a special fast lane into the memory bankand they do. It is called the 2b-adrenoceptor, and it is found in the amygdala, a part of the brain involved in processing strong emotions such as fear. The role of the 2b-adrenoceptor is to promote memory for

18、mationbut only if it is stimulated by adrenaline. Since emotionally charged events are often accompanied by adrenaline secretion, the 2b-adrenoceptor acts as a gatekeeper that decides what will be remembered and what discarded.However, the gene that encodes this receptor comes in two varieties. That

19、 led Dominique de Quervain, of the University of Zurich, to wonder if people with one variant would have better emotional memories than those with the other. The short answer, just published in Nature Neuroscience, is that they do. Moreover, since the frequencies of the two variants are different in

20、 different groups of people, whole populations may have different mixtures of emotional memory.The reason Dr. de Quervain suspected the variants might work differently is that the rarer one looks like the commoner one when the latter has a memory-enhancing drug called yohimbine attached to it. His p

21、rediction, therefore, was that better emotional memory would be associated with the rarer version.And that did, indeed, turn out to be the case in. his first experiment. This involved showing students photographs of positive scenes such as families playing together, negative scenes such as car accid

22、ents, and neutral ones, such as people on the phone. Those students with at least one gene for the rarer version of the protein (everyone has two such genes, one from his father and one from his mother) were twice as good at remembering details of emotionally charged scenes than were those with only

23、 the common version. When phone-callers were the subject, there was no difference in the quality of recall.That is an interesting result, but some of Dr. de Quervains colleagues at the University of Konstanz, in Germany, were able to take it further in a second experiment. In fact, they took it all

24、the way along a dusty road in Uganda, to the Nakivale refugee camp. This camp is home to hundreds of refugees of the Rwandan civil war of 1994.In this second experiment the researchers were not asking about photographs. With the help of specially trained interviewers, they recorded how often people

25、in the camp suffered flashbacks and nightmares about their wartime experiences. They then compared those results with the 2b-adreno-ceptor genes in their volunteers. As predicted, those with the rare version had significantly more flashbacks than those with only the common one.Besides bolstering Dr.

26、 de Quervains original hypothesis, this result is interesting because only 12% of the refugees had the rarer gene. In Switzerland, by contrast, 30% of the population has the rare varietyand the Swiss are not normally regarded as an emotional people.Whether that result has wider implications remains

27、to be seen. Human genetics has a notorious history of jumping to extravagant conclusions from scant data, but that does not mean conclusions should be ducked if the data are good. In this case, the statistics suggest Rwanda may have been lucky: the long-term mental-health effects of the war may not

28、be as widespread as they would have been in people with a different genetic mix. On the other hand, are those who easily forget the horrors of history condemned to repeat them?（分数：60.00）_正确答案：(以免忘了还是免得记住?和司空见惯的事情相比，人往往会记得情绪反应强烈的事件。路遇骚扰比去百货店购物的记忆要深刻得多。而路遇抢劫的记忆也比平时去上班的记忆更加深刻。目睹一场大屠杀在你心中留下的烙印可能比其他任何事情都

29、要深。这不足为奇。对于可能会影响个人生死存亡或繁衍后代的不寻常事件来说，它们应该是有一个能优先进入记忆库的快速通道的，的确如此。这个快速通道叫做 2b 肾上腺素受体，是在人的扁桃体中发现的。扁桃体能部分处理大脑中的强烈情绪(如恐惧)。2b 肾上腺素受体的作用便是促进记忆的形成，但前提条件是它受到了肾上腺素的刺激。因为引起情绪波动大的事件通常和肾上腺素分泌息息相关，2b 肾上腺素受体就像看门人一样决定哪些事情该记住以及要遗忘哪些事情。然而，编码这些受体的基因有两种变体。这样，苏黎世大学的多米克尼德凯尔万教授就提出了质疑：那么，携带其中一种变体的人是否比携带另一种变体的人对引起情绪反应的事情记得更

30、牢呢?根据刚刚发表在自然神经科学杂志上的结论可知，答案是肯定的。此外，因为这两种变体在不同的人群身上的分布频率不同，因此人们的情绪记忆情况各异。德凯尔万博士之所以怀疑不同变体的作用不同是有一定依据的。这两种变体，一种不常见，另一种则较常见；而常见的变体与一种能增强记忆的药物育亨宾相结合时，它就表现得跟那种不常见的变体一样。因此，他推测：不常见的变体会促成人有良好情绪的记忆。根据他的第一次实验结果，这种结论确实属实。实验中，他向学生们展示各种图片：积极的(如一家人在一起戏耍的情景)、消极的(如车祸)，和中性的(如正在打电话的人)。至少携带一个不常见的变体基因(每个人都有一对这样的基因，其中一个来

31、自父亲，另一个则来自母亲)的学生，对情绪事件的记忆力是那些只有常见变体基因的学生的两倍。而面对人在打电话这样的情形，学生的记忆力水平并没有什么差异。这个结果很有意思，然而德凯尔万博士在德国康斯坦茨大学的一些同事在第二次实验中又更进了一步。事实上，为了做这个实验，他们穿过了乌干达灰蒙蒙的公路，来到了纳基瓦莱难民营。那里居住着因为1994年卢旺达内战而产生的成百上千的难民。第二次实验中，研究人员并没有使用图片。在经过专门训练的调查人员的协助下，他们记录了难民脑海中回放战时情景以及与战争相关的噩梦次数。然后，他们比较了记录结果与研究对象中携带的 a2b肾上腺素受体基因。和之前预想的一样，那些带有不常

32、见变体基因的难民的记忆闪回次数比那些只有常见变体基因的难民要多得多。除了支持德凯尔万博士首次提出的设想以外，这个结果有意思的地方还在于只有 12%的难民携带不常见变体基因。相比之下，瑞士就有 30%的人口携带不常见变体基因，这也就是为什么通常人们认为瑞士人不是感性人群的原因。这个实验结果是否有更深远的意义尚有待证明。人类遗传学有一段臭名昭著的历史：从不完整的数据中得出各种结论，但是这样并不意味着如果数据完整就可以避开铺天盖地的结论。这个案例下，从数据上来看卢旺达算是幸运的：长期饱受战争精神折磨的人并没有其他地区携带不同变体基因的人严重。从另一面来说，那些很快便忘了因战争带来痛苦的人让历史重演是

33、否该受到谴责呢?)解析：解析 1. Since emotionally charged events are often accompanied by adrenaline secretion, the 2b-adre-noceptor acts as a gatekeeper that decides what will be remembered and what discarded.译句 因为引起情绪波动大的事件通常和肾上腺素分泌息息相关，2b 肾上腺素受体就像看门人一样决定哪些事情该记住以及要遗忘哪些事情。句子结构分析 该句主干为“the a2b-adrenoceptor acts a

34、s a gatekeeper.”since 引导原因状语从句；that 引导定语从句，修饰 gatekeeper；两个 what均引导宾语从句，作 decides的宾语。2. The reason Dr.de Quervain suspected the variants might work differently is that the rarer one looks like the commoner one when the latter has a memory-enhancing drug called yolumbine attached to it.译句 德凯尔万博士之所以怀疑

35、不同变体的作用不同是有一定依据的。这两种变体，一种不常见，另一种则较常见；而常见的变体与一种能增强记忆的药物育亨宾相结合时，它就表现得跟那种不常见的变体一样。句子结构分析 该句主干为“The reason.is that.”that 引导表语从句；Dr. de Quervain.differently作 the reason的定语；when 引导比较状语从句。3. Human genetics has a notorious history of jumping to extravagant conclusions from scant data, but that does not mean

36、 conclusions should be ducked if the data are good.译句 人类遗传学有一段臭名昭著的历史：从不完整的数据中得出各种结论，但是这样并不意味着如果数据完整就可以避开铺天盖地的结论。句子结构分析 该句主干为“Human genetics has a notorious history.”介词短语 of jumping.data作 history的后置定语；if 引导条件状语从句。二、Section Chinese-En(总题数：1，分数：40.00)2.清晨 3:45进行了最后表决。经过半年的争辩和最后 16个小时的国会激烈辩论，澳大利亚北部地区(即

37、澳北州)成了世界上第一个允许医生根据病人意愿结束绝症患者生命的合法当局。这一法案是以 15票通过对 10票反对的无可争议的结果通过的。这一消息几乎同时出现在互联网上。身处地球另一端的加拿大死亡权利执行主席约翰霍夫塞斯收到这条消息后便通过协会的网上服务站“死亡之网”发了公告。他说：“我们一整天都在发布公告，这么做当然不是因为澳大利亚出了什么事情，而是因为这是要载入世界历史的。”这一立法的深刻意义可能要过一段时间才能为人们所理解。澳北州所通过的晚期病人权益法使得无论是内科医生还是普通市民都同样地力图从道义和实际意义两方面来对待这一问题。有些人如释重负，另一些人，包括教会人士、生之权利组织成员以及澳

38、大利亚医学会成员则进行了猛烈抨击，并谴责其草率通过。而安乐死潮流将不可逆转。在澳大利亚，人口老龄化、延长寿命技术以及公众态度的变化都在发挥着各自的作用。其他州也准备考虑制定类似的法规来处理安乐死问题。在美国和加拿大，死亡权利运动正在积蓄力量，观察家正等待着多米诺骨牌开始倒下。（分数：40.00）_正确答案：(It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australi

39、as Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofse

40、ss, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the groups online service, Death NET. Says Hofsess, “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isnt just something that happened in Australia. Its world history. “The full import may take a while to sink i

41、n. The NT Rights of the Terminally law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, fight to life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the hast

42、e of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australiawhere an aging population, life extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their partother states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the U. S. and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.)解析：