大学英语四级综合-简答(三)及答案解析.doc
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1、大学英语四级综合-简答(三)及答案解析(总分:40.00,做题时间:90 分钟)As researchers learn more about how childrens intelligence develops, they are increasingly surprised by the power of parents. The power of the school has been replaced by the home. To begin with, all the factors which are part of intelligence- the childs under
2、standing of language, learning patterns, curiosity-are established well before the child enters school at the age of six. Study after study has shown that even after school begins, childrens achievements have been far more influenced by parents than by teachers. This is particularly true about learn
3、ing that is language-related. The school rather than the home is given credit for variations in achievement in subjects such as science.In view of their power, its sad to see so many parents not making the most of their childs intelligence. Until recently parents had been wamed by educators who aske
4、d them not to educate their children. Many teachers now realize that children cannot be educated only at school and parents are being asked to contribute both before and after the child enters school.Parents have been particularly aftaid to teach reading at home. Of course, children shouldnt be push
5、ed to read by their parents, but educators have discovered that reading is best taught individually-and the easiest place to do this is at home. Many four-and five-year-olds who have been shown a few letters and taught their sounds will compose single words of their own with them even before they ha
6、ve been taught to read.(分数:10.00)(1).What have researchers found out about.the influence of parents and the school on childrens intelligence?(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_(2).Researchers conclude that childrens learning patterns_.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_(3).According to the passage, school may play a more important role
7、in_.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_(4).Many parents failed to make the most of their childrens intelligence because_.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_(5).In the last paragraph, the author suggests that the parents should_.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_Englands highest main-line railway station hangs on to life by a threat; deserted and unmanned
8、 since it was officially closed in 1970, Dent, situated high in the hills of Yorkshire, wakes up on six summer weekends each year, when a special charter train unloads walkers, sightseers and people who simply want to catch a train from the station, onto its platform.But even this limited existence
9、may soon be brought to an end. Dent station is situated on the Settle to Carlisle railway line said to be scenic in the country. But no amount of scenic beauty can line from British Rails cash problems. This year, for the sake of economy, the express trains which used to pass through Dent station ha
10、ve been put on to another route.It is now an open secret that British Rail sees no future for this railway line. Most of its trains disappeared some time ago. Its bridge, built on a grand scale a century ago, is falling down. It is not alone. Zen railway routes in the north of England are facing a s
11、imilar problem which is a wom out system and an almost total lack of repair. Bridges and tunnels are showing their age, the wooden for the tracks are rotting and engines and coaches are getting old.On major lines between large cities, the problem is not too bad. These lines still make a profit and c
12、ash can be found to maintain them. But on the country branch line, the story is different. As track wears out, it is not replaced. Instead speed limits are introduced making trip longer than necessary and discouraging customers.If a bridge is dangerous, there is often only one thing for British Rail
13、 to do: go out and fred money from another source. This is exactly what it did a few months ago when a bridge at Bridlington station was threatening to fall down. Repairs were estimated at $200,000 just for one bridge-and British Rail was delighted, and rather surprised, when two local councils offe
14、red half that amount between them.(分数:10.00)(1).Since 1970 Dent station is only used_.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_(2).According to the passage, _railway line passes through Dent.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_(3).Which line has the similar problem with the line through Dent?(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_(4).According to the passage, the mo
15、st urgent problem for many country railway lines is_.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_(5).Who would be most affected by the difficulties facing British Rail?(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious“ both to the general public and to sociologists that modem society has changed peoples natural relat
16、ions, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious“ is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically kn
17、ow a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.Even in very large cities, people ma
18、intain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendshi
19、ps with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not be
20、longing, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the s
21、idewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a communitys population size and its social heterogeneity. For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associat
22、ed with bad behavior including gambling, drags, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditiona
23、l religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.(分数:10.00)(1).According to the passage, what was once a common belief about urban residents?(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_(2).What is t
24、he difference between the quality of life in town and city?(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_(3).Compared with residents of town, city dwellers worry more about_.(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_(4).What do large-city dwellers probably do toward nontraditional religious groups?(分数:2.00)填空项 1:_(5).The reason for heterogeneity and unus
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