大学英语四级综合-简答(一)及答案解析.doc

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1、大学英语四级综合-简答(一)及答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)Water problems in the future will become intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban waste, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for

2、 diluting wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will

3、 involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.There are two ways in which this pollution problem can be dwindled. The first relates to the treatment of was

4、tes todecrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wastes “prior to“ disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or effluents (流出物), to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal.A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part

5、 of the wastes.Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many indust

6、ries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable byproducts. Other industries are exploring potential economic uses for their waste products.（分数：10.00）(1).Whats the purpose of this passage?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Demands for water will go u

7、p along with_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).The readers can conclude that some industries are now_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).What can the effluents from sewage disposal plants be used as?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).How many means does the author put forward to handle this pollution problem?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_Personality is to

8、 a large extent inherent-A type parents usually bring about A type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the Parents, it is likely to become a major fact or in the lives of their children.One place where children soak up A characteristi

9、cs is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the “win at all costs“ moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two

10、layer-system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying, “Rejoice, we conquer!“By far the worst form of competition in

11、 schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.Obviously, it i

12、s neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into Bs. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a childs personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time migh

13、t be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A type stock. Bs are

14、 important and should be encouraged.（分数：10.00）(1).What deeply impact the personality?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).A person who has A characteristics is_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).What does the author disagree to in schools?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Why is top management of school to fit a childs personality?（分数：2.00）填空项

15、 1:_(5).According to the 5th paragraph, Bs characteristic is suggested to be_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_People may ask how you define success. This is more difficult. Success is relative; not everybody wants to put together a four-billion-dollar company, or become President of the United States, or win the No

16、bel Peace Prize. It is usually a mistake to begin with such great ambitions, which tend to sink into lazy daydreams.The best way to succeed is to begin with a reasonably realistic goal and attain it, rather than aiming at something so far beyond your reach that you are bound to fail. Its also import

17、ant to make a habit of succeeding, and the easiest way to start is to succeed in something, however small, every day, gradually increasing the level of your ambitions and achievements like a runner in training, who begins with short distances and works up to Olympic levels.Try to think of success as

18、 a journey, an adventure, not a specific destination. Your goal may change during the course of that journey, and your original ambitions may be replaced by different, larger ones. Success will certainly bring you the material things you want, and a good, healthy appetite for the comforts and luxuri

19、es of life is an excellent road to success, but basically you will know you have reached your goal when you have gone that one step further, in wealth, fame or achievement, than you ever dreamed was possible.A lot depends on your profession, of course. There is a great deal of difference between set

20、ting out to become a success in a millionaire family and trying to become vice president of a bank, but the differences simply consist of contrasting social customs and of what is the appropriate way to get ahead in a given profession or business. Whether youre hoping to take over a numbers game or

21、an executive desk, you have to make the right moves for your circumstances. In the former example, you might have to kill someone; in the latter, you might only have to find ways of making your rivals look foolish or inefficient. In either case, you have to accept the rules of the game and play to w

22、in, or find some other games.（分数：10.00）(1).Why may a boys hope of winning the Nobel Prize turn into just a daydream?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).What advice would the author most probably give us in order to develop our sense of success?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Why does the author persuade us to think of success

23、as a journey?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).According to paragraph three, final success is usually_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).“An executive desk“ in paragraph four refers to_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_Our world is filled with sounds we never hear. The human auditory (听觉的) range is limited; if we could hear sounds lower than 2

24、0 vibrations per second, we would be driven mad by the rumblings of our muscles, intestines and heartbeats; every step we take would sound like an explosion. But even with our auditory range we select, focus, pay attention to a few sounds and blot out the rest. We are so assaulted (困扰) by sound that

25、 we continually “turn off“. But in the process, we shut out the glorious symphony (交响乐) of sound in which the living world is bathed.The sound tormented city dweller that habitually “turns off his audio“ loses a dimension of social reality. Some people, for example, possess the ability to enter a cr

26、owded room and from the sounds encountered know immediately the mood, pace and direction of the group assembled. Everything becomes more real when heard as well as seen. It is, in fact, quite hard really to know a person by sight alone, without hearing his voice. And it is not just the sound of the

27、voice that informs. Even the rhythm of footsteps reveals age and variations of mood-delight, depression, anger, joy.Hearing can also soothe and comfort. The snapping of logs in the fireplace, the gossipy whisper of a broom, the inquisitive wheeze of a drawer opening-all are savored sounds that make

28、us feel at home. In a well loved home, every chair produced a different, recognizable creak, every window a different click, groan or squeak. The kitchen by itself is a source of many pleasing sounds. Every place, every event has a sound dimension.The sense of hearing can perhaps be restored to a mo

29、dem man if he better understands its worth and how it works. Most people would be surprised to discover how far the sense can be pushed by cultivation. At a friends house recently, my wife opened her purse and some coins spilled out, one after another, onto the floor. “Three quarters, two dimes, a n

30、ickel and three pennies,“ said our host as he came in from the next room. And as an after thought, “One of the quarters is silver.“ He was right, down to the last penny.“How did you do it?“ we asked, “Try it yourself,“ he said. We did, and with a little practice we found it easy.Curiously, evidence

31、indicates that people need sound. When we are lost in thought, we involuntarily drum with our fingers or tap with a pencil-a reminder that we are still surrounded by a world outside ourselves. Just cutting down reflected sound can produce some odd results. The nearest thing on earth to the silence o

32、f outer space, for example, is the “anechoic chamber“ at the Bell Telephone Laboratories in Burray Hills, N. J. , which is lined with material that absorbs 99.98% of all reflected sound. Men who have remained in the room for more than an hour report that they feel nervous and out of touch with reali

33、ty.（分数：10.00）(1).Why do we blot out the sounds we dont want to hear?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).The writer believes that the rhythm of our footsteps changes as_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).How many different kinds of sounds are mentioned in paragraph three?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).Whats the main idea of paragraphs four

34、and five?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).The whole passage tells us that by ignoring most of the sound around us we miss much that could give us（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_Our society structure affects all human relationships. Outside the home we have a system of power relationship: worker/employer, individual/state, etc.,

35、 and most people feel particularly powerless if their specific situations are beyond their control. The resultant stresses need outlets.There are many different outlets. Many of us are inclined at least sometimes to take out our frustration (挫折) on people nearest to us. The kind of destructive outle

36、t that a woman uses may be physical-either against her husband or children-but more often, it is directed towards her children who cannot walk out. Commonly, women turn violent feelings inwards: twice as many women as men suffer from depression (抑郁症). Women are the most vulnerable (脆弱的) to depressio

37、n. As far as men are concerned, they have been brought up to use their fists-and even encouraged to do so. So a mans outlet can, in its extreme form, involve physical violence against his wife and family. Many women have no way to escape: they cant easily leave home. Compared with men, women are rel

38、atively powerless.Women are expected to look after their children. Many women are consequently totally dependent on their husbands incomes, or earn a little money at part-time, low- paid jobs. Fathers, on the other hand, are not seen by society as responsible for the care of their children. A man ca

39、n still drink all his earnings if he wishes. One of the reasons, some women put up with beating for so long is because they are concerned about how they could bring up the children with little money on their own if they left. Often, women finally leave only when they fear that their children are the

40、mselves in physical or mental danger from their fathers.（分数：10.00）(1).Human relationships outside and inside the home are based on_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(2).Physical violence a woman imposes on her children serves as an example of_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(3).Why does the author think women are easier to suffer

41、from depression?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(4).According to this passage, what is mens role in the eyes of the society?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_(5).Women would not put up with beating and chose to leave home if financially_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_大学英语四级综合-简答(一)答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)Water problems in the future will become

42、intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban waste, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for diluting wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more comple

43、x chemical processes will produce larger volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. From this, it is a

44、pparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.There are two ways in which this pollution problem can be dwindled. The first relates to the treatment of wastes todecrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wast

45、es “prior to“ disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or effluents (流出物), to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal.A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes.Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplemen

46、t. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former

47、 waste products into marketable byproducts. Other industries are exploring potential economic uses for their waste products.（分数：10.00）(1).Whats the purpose of this passage?（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：To acquaint the reader with water pollution problems）解析：解析 主旨题。通读全文可知，文章主要是围绕水污染问题展开的，文章开篇就提出了水污染问题的严峻性，由

48、此可推断，本文的写作目的是为了让读者认识到水污染问题。(2).Demands for water will go up along with_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：the expanding/increasing population）解析：解析 推断题。文章在第一段中提到 Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban waste及 To feed our rapidly expanding population，由此可知，对水资源的需求量将随着人口的增加而增加。(3).The readers can conclude that some industries are now_.（分数：2.00）填空项 1: