大学四级-778及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-778 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1. On Exam Pressure1. 不少学生对考试带来的压力感到反感2. 有些学生则认为考试压力并非坏事3. 我的观点（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Depression: It Is Real, and It Is TreatableDepression and the AmericansPeople with symptoms of diabetes or other physical

2、problems see their doctors for treatment. Those with depression more often than not try to duke it out alone, according to southwest Minnesota mental health professionals, who say the anxiety is prevalent in the region. Depression affects more than 19 million Americans annually, according to the Nat

3、ional Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Yet only one in three people seeks medical treatment.Defining DepressionDepression is nondiscriminatory (一视同仁的), affecting all ages, sexes and races, local health professionals say. It is a disease - not a weakness - that consumes the brain of the chemical se

4、rotonin (含于血液中的复合胺) , and it rarely goes away by itself.Depression and SexFemales suffer from depression and seek treatment twice as often as males, according to data from the NIMH. Hormones play a role, as do a combination of genetic, psychological and environmental factors. The institute also repo

5、rts that although depression is associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease in both sexes, only men suffer a high death rate.Commonality of DepressionThe Surgeon General estimates that one in five people will experience a depressive episode during their lifetime. “It is much more com

6、mon than people realize,“ said Johnson, a licensed marriage and family therapist (治疗专家). “Sometimes people get so depressed that theyre unable to function at all, or they become depressed and self medicate with alcohol, and then another problem is created.“ Depression is one of the main reasons peop

7、le come to the Southwest Mental Health Center. However, far greater numbers rely on family doctors to sort them out and probably just as many or more go untreated. “They dont want to cross over into the mental health field,“ Johnson said. “They worry about what others will think, or about the cost.

8、Its more difficult in rural areas because everybody knows you and there is a shame of asking for help.“Long TreatmentTreatment takes time. People who do seek help often expect a quick fix, but medication helps the body replace serotonin slowly. It is subtle improvement that you almost have to be wat

9、ching for, or you have to look back to how your were a month ago, or six weeks ago. Improvement comes gradually, as does the disorder. How long it takes depends on how well people can change events in their lives, how they interpret things. It depends on what skills you develop to manage the next st

10、ressors (紧张性剌激) that come your way. Many adults will take antidepressants for the rest of their lives and some wont. With kids, it can be more of a short-term treatment, but again it depends on the intensity and longevity of the disorder.Medication as a Common TreatmentOne of the most common treatme

11、nts for depression is medication, but different drugs have different effects on different people. Each medication can cause various side effects including, but not limited to, dry mouth, nausea, anxiety, insomnia, dizziness, sexual dysfunction, apathy, heart palpitations, and headaches. Some people

12、may experience several side effects while others experience none. The more recently developed antidepressants typically produce fewer side effects. Usually, side effects dissipate in a few weeks after the body has become adjusted to the medication. Consumers are advised to start at the lowest dosage

13、 with small increments over a period of time until improvement is noticed. An antidepressants effect may take several weeks before a positive result is noticed.Other Ways of TreatmentPsychotherapy or counseling is another common treatment for depression. Oftentimes, medication and psychotherapy are

14、used together for optimum results. Group therapy is another avenue of treatment for people with depression. There are also support groups available to help those with depression. Such groups allow members to openly share their feelings and receive acceptance from other group members. There is no lea

15、der (professional of otherwise) to direct such groups and there is no maximum number of sessions that one can attend. Some people have also found reading various self-help books to be of benefit in overcoming their depression. And one cannot separate the mind from the body and treat them individuall

16、y. Instead, a thorough treatment regimen should examine all aspects of a persons life. Sometimes lack of exercise is also associated with depression. So depression may be caused by one or combination of factors and can take many forms.Depression and the ElderlyAccording to Terry Pankow, a licensed i

17、ndependent clinical social worker in Montevideo, the elderly are among the hardest to diagnose because their symptoms often take the form of physical complaints for which no medical cause or ideology exists. The Centers for Disease Control reports that as many as three out of every 100 people over 6

18、5 suffer from clinical depression.Depression and the ChildrenChildren and adolescents also are special cases, and they can carry depression into adulthood before getting treatment. One of the things that make depression so hard to diagnose or sort out with children is that they dont have the verbal

19、skills, knowledge and sophistication to talk about “I feel sad or this is making me miserable“. So many times what you see in children is rather than them describing their feelings, they act their feelings out in terms of behavior. And so, lots of kids who are labeled as naughty are really depressed

20、.NIMH Statistics about AdolescentsThe NIMH estimates that up to 2.5 percent of children and up to 8.3 percent of adolescents in the U.S. suffer from depression. A study of 9 to 17 year-olds found that more than six percent experience some depression in any six-month period and nearly five percent ha

21、ve major depression.Types of DepressionDepression falls into two categories, Back said. Endogenous (内因的) depression comes from a chemical imbalance, and exogenous depression arises from difficult situations and circumstances.Depression affects different age groups and people within each age group di

22、fferently. Symptoms include:difficulty concentrating, remembering or making decisionsfeeling angry or moody, crying easily or worrying a lotalcohol or drug use to mask feelingsfatigue or loss of energyloss of interest in ordinary activitieseating and sleeping disordersfeeling sad, empty or numbfeeli

23、ng hopeless, helpless, guilty or worthlessthoughts of suicide, suicide plans or attemptsfrequent doctor visits without relief in symptoms; all tests negativeChildren and adolescents might exhibit some of the same symptoms, as well as aggression, frustration, marked disobedience (不服从), extreme self-c

24、onsciousness, fluctuating energy levels, a fascination for guns and knives, and a preoccupation with music, movies and literature with death themes. They also might complain about dizziness, headaches, stomachaches and body aches.（分数：70.00）(1).People with depression go to see their doctors more ofte

25、n than people suffering from physical problems.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).There are more women suffering from depression than men.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).In addition to the fear of being known by others, in rural areas fewer people go to see the doctor for depression because they do not have as much money as t

26、he city people.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).Antidepressants developed recently have fewer side effects than before.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).To achieve the best results of treatment, psychotherapy should be used with counseling.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Among the elderly, children and adolescents, the elderly are the ha

27、rdest to diagnose.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).A study made by NIMH shows that nearly five percent of children in the US have major depression.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).As the treatment of depression depends on a lot of factors, its improvement _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).It is tested ineffective that if a person with d

28、epression frequently visits doctor but without _ in symptoms.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Children and adolescents might have the same _ such as aggression, frustration and complaint.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversati

29、on you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.A department store.B.A library.C.An electrical shop.D.A bus station.A.Its too spicy.B.Its too salty.C.Its too bland.D.Its too sour.A.Customer and estate agent.B.Customer and travel agent.C.Customer and shop assistant.D.Customer and lawyer.A.A shop.B.A university ca

30、mpus.C.A library.D.An airport.A.A university campus.B.A book store.C.A department store.D.A police station.A.He enjoys dancing.B.His shoes dont fit him.C.Hes an excellent dancer.D.Hes a terrible dancer.A.To the dentist.B.To the vet.C.To the bus stop.D.To the library.A.On the 4th floor in the electri

31、cal department.B.On the 2nd floor in the food court.C.On the 4th floor in the food court.D.On the 3rd floor in the food court.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Her bags.B.Her passport and tickets.C.Her children.D.Her seats.A.At the back of the plane.B.I

32、n aisle seats.C.In window seats.D.Near to the toilets.A.K10-15.B.K20-24.C.E10-12.D.F1-3.A.3 bags.B.10 bags.C.They dont have any bags.D.5 bags.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Few things.B.Not many things.C.Plenty of choices.D.Nothing in his size.A.Blue

33、.B.Green.C.White.D.Red.A.By credit card.B.With cash.C.With a cheque.D.He doesnt want to buy them.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Teen pregnancy and difficulty in school.B.Low self-esteem and poor nutrition.C.Difficulty

34、 in school and physical abuse.D.Illiteracy and teen pregnancy.A.More relative depravity.B.More relative depression.C.More relative deprivation.D.More relative degradation.A.34%.B.41%.C.17%.D.8%.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Shortage of days.B.

35、Superstition.C.Inability to divide the year.D.Too many months.A.355.B.366.C.365.D.445.A.We lose a day.B.We add 24 hours.C.We gain 12 hours.D.We add an extra month.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Swim in public pools.B.Give blood.C.Over exert y

36、ourself.D.Expose your skin to the sun.A.Measles, HIV, hepatitis.B.Diabetes, hypertension, HIV.C.Hepatitis, syphilis, diabetes.D.HIV, hepatitis, syphilis.A.Anemia.B.Shingles.C.Hepatitis.D.HIV.A.Several weeks.B.Until your doctor tells you.C.12 months.D.At least 6 months.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Ital

37、ians are known for them and (36) suggest they may have originated in the Middle East but (37) said Wednesday the worlds oldest known noodles, dating back 4, 000 years, were made in China.“Our discovery (38) that noodles were first produced in China about 4, 000 years ago,“ Lu Hou Yuan from the Chine

38、se Academy of Science said in an interview.The noodles were (39) in an overturned, sealed bowl in an archaeological site near the Yellow River in north west China.Until the (40) , reported in the science journal Nature, the (41) written account of noodles was in a book written during the East Han (4

39、2) in China sometime between 25 and 220.“This is the (43) evidence of noodles ever found,“ said Lu.(44) . The scientists think a large earthquake and catastrophic flooding probably destroyed the ancient settlement where they were discovered.(45) . Wheat was not introduced from central and western As

40、ia to north west China until about 5, 000 years ago.Prehistoric farmers knew how to pound and grind the hard millet seeds and mix them to make noodles. The dough was probably repeatedly stretched by hand to form long strands and cooked in boiling water to make noodles, according to the researchers.(

41、46) Lu said.（分数：77.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Section A(总题数：1，分数：90.00)Revenge of the Office LadyWith the Japanese economy in depression, why are the fashionable streets of Tokyos Shibuya district crowded with

42、women weighed down with shopping? Why are cafes and cinemas bursting at the seams? Shinsaibashi, in the heart of Osaka, is the same - and the phenomenon is repeated, if to a lesser degree, along the streets of a dozen other dries.Call it the revenge of the office lady. Used and abused in the office

43、as tea ladies, these college graduates are expected to do low-level chores until they marry and quit. There are some 10 million unmarried women between 15 and 29 in Japan, many of them working in offices. Their pay, around $1,800 a month for a typical 25-year-old goes a long way. Unlike young men, m

44、ost live at home, pay little towards their keep and tend not to own cars. Their younger sisters at college and school have plenty of money, too, thanks to Japans vast part-rime job market. The Hakuhodo Institute of Life and Living in Tokyo reckons there are 3 million young women living within an hou

45、r of Shibuyas shops, ready to catch the latest fashion. If the rest of Japan were to spend as much as young females do, its economic woes (不幸) would be over.They have plenty of time (again, unlike young men) to read consumer magazines and watch television. Womens magazines in Japan are twice as fat

46、as American or European ones. They are packed with information on where to get almost everything from cheap designer trousers to the latest haircut. No surprise that young Japanese women are among the worlds smartest consumers.Department stores love them. No one is spending, except young women. Sale

47、s of womens clothes, accessories, shoes, handbags and cosmetics have remained good. When Takashimaya, a chain of exclusive department stores, opened a new branch in central Tokyo, half the sales area was given over to womens goods, against the usual 40%.Japans hard times are making the office ladies

48、 even more imaginative. They have been quick to check out the discount stores that are sprouting across the countries as a result of deregulation. Luxury labels are fine, but they young women demand real value. Foreign exporters that taken them for granted had better watch out.（分数：90.00）(1).Japanese office ladies take their revenge by _.（分数：18.00）填空项 1:_(2).According