大学四级-252及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-252 及答案解析(总分：693.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1. 宠物是主人的伙伴 2. 宠物对主人忠诚 3. 但是宠物出会给人带来困扰和烦恼 BKeeping Pets/B（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)BHow Europe fails its young/BThose Europeans who are tempted, in the light of the dismal scenes in New Orleans this fortnight, to

2、 downgrade the American challenge should meditate on one word: universities. Five years ago in Lisbon European officials proclaimed their intention to become the worlds premier “knowledge economy“ by 2010. The thinking behind this grand declaration made sense of a sort: Europes only chance of preser

3、ving its living standards lies in working smarter than its competitors rather than harder or cheaper. But Europes failing higher-education system poses a lethal threat to this ambition.Europe created the modem university. Scholars were gathering in Paris and Bologna before America was on the map. Ox

4、ford and Cambridge invented the residential university: the idea of a community of scholars, living together to pursue higher learning. Germany created the research university. A century ago European universities were a magnet for scholars and a model for academic administrators the world over.But,

5、as our survey of higher education explains, since the second world war Europe has progressively surrendered its lead in higher education to the United States. America boasts 17 of the worlds top 20 universities, according to a widely used global ranking by the Shanghai Jiao Tong University. American

6、 universities currently employ 70% of the worlds Nobel prize-winners, 30% of the worlds output of articles on science and engineering, and 44% of the most frequently cited articles. No wonder developing countries now look to America rather than Europe for a model for higher education.Why have Europe

7、an universities declined so precipitously in recent decades? And what can be done to restore them to their former glory? The answer to the first question lies in the role of the state. American universities get their funding from a variety of different sources, not just government but also philanthr

8、opists, businesses and, of course, the students themselves. European ones are largely state-funded. The constraints on state funding mean that European governments force universities to “process“ more and more students without giving the TM the necessary cashand respond to the universities complaint

9、s by trying to micromanage them. Inevitably, quality has eroded. Yet, as the American model shows, people are prepared to pay for good higher education, because they know they will benefit from it: thats why America spends twice as much of its GDP on higher education as Europe does.The answer to the

10、 second question is to set universities free from the state. Free universities to run their internal affairs: how can French universities, for example, compete for talent with their American rivals when professors are civil servants? And free them to charge fees for their servicesincluding, most imp

11、ortantly, student fees.BAsias learning/BThe standard European retort is that if people have to pay for higher education, it will become the monopoly of the rich. But spending on higher education in Europe is highly regressive (more middle-class students go to university than working-class ones). And

12、 higher education is hardly a monopoly of the rich in America: a third of undergraduates come from racial minorities, and about a quarter come from families with incomes below the poverty line. The government certainly has a responsibility to help students to borrow against their future incomes. But

13、 student fees offer the best chance of pumping more resources into higher education. They also offer the best chance of combining equity with excellence.Europe still boasts some of the worlds best universities, and there are some signs that policy makers have realised that their system is failing. B

14、ritain, the pacemaker in university reform in Europe, is raising fees. The Germans are trying to create a Teutonic Ivy League. European universities are aggressively wooing foreign students. Pan-European plans are encouraging student mobility and forcing the more eccentric European countries (notabl

15、y Germany) to reform their degree structures. But the reforms have been too tentative.America is not the only competition Europe faces in the knowledge economy. Emerging countries have cottoned on to the idea of working smarter as well as harder. Singapore is determined to turn itself into a “knowle

16、dge island“. India is sprucing up its institutes of technology. In the past decade China has doubled the size of its student population while pouring vast resources into elite universities. Forget about catching up with America; unless Europeans reform their universities, they will soon be left in t

17、he dust by Asia as well.（分数：70.00）(1).Europes only chance of preserving its living standards lies in working smarter than its competitors rather than harder or cheaper.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Oxford and Yale invented the residential university.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Since the World War I Europe has progres

18、sively surrendered its lead in higher education to the United States.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).America spends twice as much of its GDP on higher education as Europe does.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).Britain is the pacemaker in University reform in Europe.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).European Universities will pay more atte

19、ntion to cooperate with Peking University.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).America is the only competition Europe faces in the knowledge economy.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).A century ago European universities were a magnet for _ and a model for _ the world over.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).According to a widely used global ranki

20、ng by _, America boasts 17 of the worlds top 20 universities.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Germans are trying to create a _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are bused on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.Bemuse she didnt know how to use the new oven.B.Because

21、 there was something wrong with her oven.C.Because she wanted to have her refrigerator fixed.D.Because there is something wrong with the food.A.Bob will see Susan tomorrow evening.B.Bob asked the woman to come another time.C.Bob and Susan have decided to go on a holiday.D.Bob might be at home late t

22、omorrow evening.A.Stay in the dormitory.B.Find out the cost of living in the dormitory.C.Ask for a reduction in his rent.D.Move into an apartment with a roommate.A.She has bought a new one.B.She only has an old one.C.She has none at present.D.Her sister has given her one.A.The trees axe being cut do

23、wn.B.The trees help cool his house.C.He needs more air-conditioning.D.The trees axe blocking his view.A.John is a fast worker.B.John did Jacks homework.C.John has not finished his homework.D.John didnt do the homework on his own.A.Thursday night.B.Friday morning.C.Monday night.D.Thursday morning.A.T

24、he man attended the concert, but didnt like it.B.The man was sorry to miss the football game.C.The man was more interested in football than in classical music.D.The man was sorry that he missed the concert.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.About taking

25、up a sport.B.About favorite tennis teams.C.About obtaining a pair of shoes.D.About joining a sports club.A.They dont help sports players at all.B.They dont live up to their fame.C.They may be comfortable but axe too expensive.D.They are good for track and field sports but not for ball games.A.He and

26、 his friends have never worn Adidas.B.Adidas is only for great sports players like the Chicago Bulls.C.Adidas helps sports players do better.D.He has always wanted to wear Adidas shoes.A.He thinks Adidas would cost him quite a lot of money.B.He thinks Joyce will be running frequently.C.He doesnt thi

27、nk the shoes will help Joyce to play better.D.He doesnt think Joyce will play sports for long.Questions 23 to 25 are bused on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Most people dont think it is a serious problem.B.Most of our pollution is caused by things people need.C.The government has n

28、ot spent enough money to stop it.D.The seriousness of pollution has not been realized by the government.A.It can kill people.B.It can make it difficult to breathe.C.It can damage plants.D.It can damage steel and concrete.A.A crowded city.B.A steel factory.C.A busy airport.D.An old car park.四、BSectio

29、n B/B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are bused on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.That drugs should not be used without doctors advice.B.That drugs and substances are different.C.That substances should be used in a scientific way.D.That the misuse of substances is harmfu

30、l.A.People will become seriously ill.B.People will become dependent on them.C.They will make people feel tired.D.They will give people headaches.A.They are beneficial for ones nerves.B.They are good for social occasions.C.They may make people sick.D.They should be used in a limited way.BPassage TwoQ

31、uestions 29 to 31 are bused on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.Entertainment.B.Seeking physical fitness.C.Studying in a local college.D.Finding peace and quiet.A.On TV or by radio.B.On the job market.C.At home.D.At a local institution of education.A.Some people retire from present jobs

32、 for adult education.B.Self-improvement has become a national passion.C.Working mothers are especially fond of adult education.D.Self-improvement is popular with young people.BPassage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.The United States is faced with m

33、any social problems.B.Various factors are responsible for the crimes in the United States.C.New trends have been discovered in the crimes in the United States.D.The crime rate in the United State is on the rise.A.25 minutes.B.24 minutes.C.10 minutes.D.7 minutes.A.Poverty.B.HomelessnessC.High divorce

34、 rate.D.Lack of education.A.Common citizens have the right to bear arms.B.T.V. and radio stations and newspapers have the right to report the details of crimes.C.Every citizen has the right to kill others in order to protect himself.D.Everybody has the fight to learn how to use weapons.五、BSection C/

35、B(总题数：1，分数：77.00)With more and more young people getting into trouble with the law, social workers are very busy. They are trying to keepU (36) /Uout of jail and in school.One way to do this is to keep those young people busy with aU (37) /Uactivity. In some places, social workers set up programs to

36、 directU (38) /Uenergy from the drawing of graffiti (涂鸦) to theU (39) /Uarts.In other places, basketball or baseball teams are set up. Sometimes the young people areU (40) /U into patrol groups. Then, they are given the job of protecting older citizens that they might/U (41) /Uhave robbed and attack

37、ed. Social workers set up these youth programs to meet the needs of aU (42) /Uarea.Social workers are highly trained people and are good at solving community problems. They know how to set upU (43) /Uand get things started. However,U (44) /U. These voluntary people encourage the young artists, train

38、 the sports teams, and oversee the patrol groups. They do other kinds of work as well.U (45) /U. Many social service volunteers do not even have a high-school degree.U (46) /U.（分数：77.00）(1).（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分

39、数：90.00)Theres no question that the Earth is getting hotter. The real questions are: How much of the warming is our fault, and are weU (47) /Uto slow the devastation by controlling our insatiableU (48) /Ufor fossil fuels?Global warming can seem tooU (49) /Uto worry about, or too uncertainsomething p

40、rojected by the same computerU (50) /Uthat often cant get next weeks weather right. On a raw winter day you might think that a few degrees of warming wouldnt be such a bad thing anyway. And no doubt about it: Warmings aboutU (51) /Uchange can sound like an environmentalist scare tactic, meant to for

41、ce us out of our cars and restrict our lifestyles.Comforting thoughts, perhaps. Unfortunately, however, the Earth has some discomforting news.From Alaska to the snowy peaks of the Andes the world is heating up right now, and fast. Globally, the U(52) /Uis up 1F over the past century, but some of the

42、 coldest, most remote spots have warmed much more. The results arent pretty. Ice isU (53) /U, rivers are running dry, and coasts areU (54) /U, threatening communities.TheU (55) /Uare happening largely out of sight. But they shouldnt be out of mind, because they are omens of whats in store for theU (

43、56) /Uof the planet.A remote B techniques C consisting D restE willing F climate G skill H appetiteI melting J vanishing K eroding L temperatureM curiosity N changes O skillful（分数：90.00）(1).（分数：9.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、BSection B/B(总题数：2，分数：80.00)B

44、Passage One/BThroughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life. With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth. He has transformed wood- lands into farmland, and make lakes and reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation purp

45、oses or hydroelectric (水力发电的)power. Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes(沼泽) and cutting through mountains to build roads and railways.However, mans changes to the physical environment havent always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the air and water is an increa

46、sing danger to the health of the planet. Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles; smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of countryside. The air in cities is becoming increasingly unhealthy. The pollution of water is equally harmful. In the sea, pollution from oil is increasing and is killing enormous numbers of algae (水藻), fish and birds. The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed. The same problem exists in rivers. In