大学六级-869及答案解析.doc
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1、大学六级-869 及答案解析(总分:713.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数:1,分数:106.00)1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled About Keeping Indoors You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1. 目前很多年轻人大部分时间喜欢“宅”在家里,很少外出进行户外活动 2. 对这种做法有人表示支持,也有人并不赞成 3. 我的观
2、点(分数:106.00)_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数:1,分数:70.00)Sound EffectsSnorers(打鼾的人) have always been made jokes. In cartoons,their nasal roar 1ifts the roof off houses. In situation comedies,theres the wife who rolls her eves at her snoring bedmate. But in reality,its not all that funny. In fact,snoring can
3、 be a nightmare for snorers and their troubled partners. who may wake up several times a night to poke,and maybe hoist loved ones onto their sides for a 1ittle relief. Risks of Snoring Problems But the nightly racket is more than a potential relationship strain. According to the latest research, an
4、increasingly older and heavier population may make this condition an even greater health risk than we previously thought. For Maggie Moss-Tucker. successful treatment for a longtime snoring problem came almost by accident. One fall morning in 2005,she saw a sign at her local gym seeking snorers as v
5、olunteers for a study at Bostons Brigham &Womens Hospital. Moss-Tucker, now 56, was intrigued. She had started snoring nearly a decade earlier. “Id tried everything to stop. ”she says. from sleeping upright to using nose strips or a mouth guard. But to her and her husbands dismay. nothing worked. Wh
6、en she signed up for the study and spent a night at a suburban Boston sleep lab, she found out why. After reviewing her sleep patterns and oxygen levels, researchers told her that her snoring was actually an indication of something worse. She suffered from a sleep apnea(呼吸暂停),a condition in which pa
7、tients stop breathing repeatedly as they sleep and can wake up as many as 100 times a nightoften without remembering it. That kind of revelation has led to doctors re-evaluating a condition once treated as little more than a nuisance. “In the past. snoring has been treated like a joking matter:you n
8、ever talked about it with your doctor,”says Dr. David Rapoport, medical director of the Sleep Disorders Center at New York University Medical Center (NYC. . “But when it becomes very prominent or such that it wakes you up OF interferes with brea-thing,it can be a problem. ” Sleep apnea,in which the
9、airway becomes blocked of. 1ess often. the brain fails to properly control breathing during sleeping. can be viewed as one extreme of the snoring spectrum. Soft snoring. which is not generally considered a health hazard. would be at the other end. As the sound and persistence of a patients snoring g
10、rows,so do the health concerns. A study published in the March I issue of the journal Sleep found that loud snorers had a 40 percent greater risk than non-snorers of suffering from high blood pressure, 34 percent greater odds of having a heart attack and a 67 percent greater chance of having a strok
11、e. Thats a problem given the number of noisy sleepers out there. In a recent poll by the National Sleep Foundation, about one third of US working adults reported snoring at least a few nights in the previous month. Snoring generally worsens with age so the rate is even higher among the elderly. And,
12、contrary to common perceptions,its nearly as common in women as men. Menopause(更年期) appears to be a factor,as is weight. Being overweight can cause thickness in the airway tube, holding back the flow of oxygen. Treatment of Snoring Problems Yet many who regularly snore dont realize that it could be
13、bad for their health. The research linking hypertension, cardiac problems and loud snoring is relatively new. And though awareness of sleep apnea is growing, specialists say the condition is still vastly undertreated. Primary-care physicians dont routinely ask patients about the quality of their sle
14、epthough that is beginning to change and few patients think to tell their doctors that theyre snoring, unless it becomes hazardous to their partner. Sleep specialists estimate that between 12 million and 18 million Americans have some form of sleep apnea but many of them, like Moss-Tucker,remain und
15、iagnosed for years. Research from the National Sleep Foundation indicates that only half of those with sleep apnea are being treated. Since it is a progressive condition,says Michael Twery,director of the National Institutes of Healths National Center on Sleep Disorders Research,“The person whos aff
16、ected is usually not aware of how severe the condition is. ” Moss-Tucker remembers being drowsy during the day sometimes,but she blamed it on her busy life. When researchers at the sleep lab asked if she had ever fallen asleep while driving,she laughed initially. But then she recalled long drives du
17、ring which shed had to pull over every 45 minutes to take a cat nap(打盹) to avoid dozing off at the wheel. Shed also become accustomed to taking daily 25-minute naps each afternoon. But once she was diagnosed and began using a Continuous Positive Airway Pressure(or CPAP)machine,the most common treatm
18、ent for sleep apnea,she says,“My life changed. ” Moss-Tucker no longer needed naps and her energy levels,mental clarity and general moods improvedso much so that she cannot imagine one night without the CPAP,a machine with a mask that attaches to the nose,mouth or both, helping to force oxygen into
19、the airway while the patient sleeps. If its used properly,it is nearly 100 percent effective. But CPAPs(or BiPaps, which deliver alternating 1evels of oxygen),which cost about $500 or more with the mask, can be not easy to use and the noise may be as disruptive to sleeping partners as snoring. Despi
20、te its efficiency,estimates of overall long-term usage rates remain between 50 to 70 percent. For snorers who dont appear to have sleep apnea,there are other measures to avoid bad nights. They include:avoiding big meals and alcohol before bed;sleeping on ones side instead of the back;treating condit
21、ions like allergies and colds that can cause or worsen snoring, and maintaining a healthy weight. There are also devices. which push the lower iaw forward to help keep the airway open. “They are effective in a fair number of snoring cases,”says NYUs Rapoport,but he cautions that they need to be cust
22、om fitted by dentist and can be expensive if not covered by insurance. Surgery on Snoring Problems Surgery to widen the airways or improve nasal airflow is also an option,though it also may not be covered by insurance and SUCCESS rates vary. UPPP, in which a surgeon removes tissue at the back of the
23、 throat, can require a hospital stay and a long recovery;its typically used for patients with moderate obstructive sleep apnea. But other procedures can be performed under local anesthesia in a surgeons office, including laser-assisted LAUP,a modification of UPPP in which the surgeon uses a laser to
24、 cut the uvula. Patients who get LAUP can generally resume their normal routine almost immediately afterward, but they may require up to five treatments. Somnoplasty is another short office-based procedure;it uses low-power radiofrequency energy that reduces the volume of the soft palate tissue(loca
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