大学六级-539及答案解析.doc

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1、大学六级-539 及答案解析(总分：648.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.闭队精神对人的成长至又重要 2但现在许多人缺乏闭队精神 3在 我看来 B How to Cultivate Team Spirit?/B _ _（分数：106.00）_二、BPart Reading (总题数：1，分数：70.00)B Depression/BIn bed, you toss and turn, unable to get a good nights sleep. You feel anxious and worried. Theres p

2、lenty to do, but the work piles up because you feel listless and tired. You dont even want to do anything fun. Friends tell you to “pull yourself together,“ but you feel helpless and hopeless. You have difficulty concentrating and making decisions. When you look in the mirror, you hate yourself. You

3、 are definitely in one of lifes valleysyou are depressed.Everyone gets the blues once in a while. Emotional lows and highs are a normal part of life. The blues become depression when you feel so sleepy and listless that you cant function normally in everyday life.B Types of Depression/BDepression ca

4、n range from a mild panic to self-destructive or suicidal behavior, Its important to understand the various types of depression so that you can recognize them.Depression occurs at all ages, although major depressive episodes peak between the ages of 55 and 70 in men and 20 and 45 in women. About hal

5、f of those who experience an episode of major depression will have another within two years. For some people, episodes of depression are separated by several years, while others suffer groups of episodes over a short time span. Between episodes, such individuals feel well.Major depressive disorder a

6、ffects approximately 14.8 million American adults or 6.7 percent of the U.S. population aged 18 years and olderin a given year. Major depressive disorder is more common in women than in men. Although treatment can help more than 80 percent of people with severe depression, most people with depressio

7、n do not seek treatment.B Reactive depression./B This type of depression is a reaction to stressful eventsdivorce, death of a loved one, a chronic illness, a personal tragedy, or even social isolation, which the elderly frequently experience. The person is unable to recover normally from the feeling

8、s associated with the event. Common feelings include self-pity, pessimism, and loss of interest in life. It affects people of all ages.B Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)/B. If you live in the northern latitudes and suffer depression during the winter months, you may suffer from seasonal affective d

9、isorder caused by a lack of exposure to sunlight. Doctors arent sure exactly what physiological mechanisms are at work in SAD, but they speculate that depressed feelings and other symptoms may be due to an increase in the release of the hormone meltonin. SAD sufferers feel lethargic and irritable. T

10、hey may also suffer from chronic headaches, increased appetite, weight gain, and an increased need for sleep. For unknown reasons, SAD is truly a “womans depression,“ in that women make up 70 percent to 80 percent of those affected. Since about half of all SAD sufferers have relatives who also suffe

11、r from SAD or other emotional problems, researchers speculate that the problem may be inherited.B Biochemical depression./B Doctors arent sure why, but some people develop a biochemically based depression sometime during midlife. Its likely that this type of depression is caused by biochemical probl

12、ems within the brain. The problem usually responds well to antidepressant medication. You may be more likely to develop this type of chemical depression if other members of your family have also suffered from this problem.B Disease or drug-related depression./B Some diseases such as AIDS, stroke, ch

13、ronic pain, and Ihypothyroidism/I (甲状腺功能减退) can cause depression. In hypothyroidism, the thyroid Igland/I (甲状腺) malfunctions, leading to too little or no thyroid hormone circulating in the bloodstream. In addition to depression, other symptoms of hypothyroidism include fatigue, weakness, weight gain

14、, impaired memory, and shortness of breath. Fortunately, the depression and other symptoms of hypothyroidism can be effectively treated with adequate doses of thyroid hormone.Certain drugs such as alcohol, Itranquilizers/I (镇定剂), and heart and blood pressure medications, as well as withdrawal from s

15、ome street drugs like cocaine, can cause drug-related depression. Some women who take birth control pills find the drugs make them irritable, anxious, and depressed. And a deficiency in some nutrients has been linked to depression.B Teenage depression./B Recognizing depression in children is importa

16、nt. Depression in teenagers may appear somewhat different from adult depression. The teenage years are a period of complicated conflicts that lead many young people to develop negative self-esteem, anxieties, and fears about their future. Some young people become overwhelmed by peer pressures and fe

17、elings of isolation and powerlessness. Social expectations may be unrealistic, and doing poorly in school can lead to a feeling of rejection. The young person may have experienced a lack of support from family and other significant people and a decrease in his or her ability to cope effectively. (As

18、 is the case for adults, treatment for depression in teenagers may involve a combination of therapies.)BCauses of Depression/BDepression may be related to many factors, including a family history of depression, medical illnesses, alcohol, drugs, gender, and age. Additionally, an individuals self-con

19、fidence, personality traitssuch as dependency on others or perfectionismand unrealistic expectations may lead to depression. Stressful events, such as death of a spouse or loss of a job, also contribute to de pression. Many people with major depression also suffer from intense anxiety.B Theories of

20、Depression./B There are many theories about the causes of depression. The social learning theory, suggests that lack of positive reinforcement from others may lead to negative self-evaluation and a poor outlook for the future. The psychoanalytic theory, suggests that a significant loss (such as of a

21、 parent) or a withdrawal of affection in childhood (whether real or perceived) may lead to depression in later life. Interpersonal theory emphasizes the importance of social connections for good mental health. Other theories suggest that unrealistic expectations of oneself and others and loss of sel

22、l-esteem are essential components leading to depression.Some individuals may be biologically predisposed to depression; in other words, they may have been born with a tendency to develop depression. Researchers continue to investigate chemical reactions in the body that are controlled by these genes

23、. Depression often runs in families. For example, if one identical twin suffers from depression, the other twin has a 70 percent chance of also having the illness.B Environmental Influences. /BResearchers view depression as the result of interaction between environmental and biological factors. Depr

24、ession can be endogenous (internally caused) or exogenous (related to outside events). Major changes in ones environment, such as a move or job change, or any major loss, such as a divorce or death of a loved one, can bring on depression. Feeling depressed in response to these changes is normal, but

25、 when it becomes a severe long term condition (longer than one month) and interferes with effective functioning, it requires treatment.Some environmental factors relating to depression include being unemployed, poor, elderly, or alone. Depression changes ones way of looking at ordinary life circumst

26、ances. A depressed person tends to exaggerate negative aspects, which leads to feelings of hopelessness, helplessness, and being overwhelmed.B Symptoms of Depression/BHow do you recognize symptoms of depression in yourself and others? People who suffer from depression have a number of symptoms nearl

27、y every day, all day, tor at least two weeks. De pressed people have feelings of extreme sadness, hopelessness, despair, low self-worth, and helplessness. For some people, depression is marked by anxiety, withdrawal from others, loss of sleep or excessive need for sleep, constant fatigue, loss of ap

28、petite or compulsive eating, loss of sexual desire, either lethargy or agitation, an inability to concentrate and make decisions, and possibly exaggerated feelings of guilt.Many depressed individuals have mental and physical symptoms that seem endless and do not get better with happy events or good

29、news. Some depressed people are so disabled by their condition that they dont have enough energy to call a friend, relative, or medical professional for help. If another person calls for them. these people may refuse to go because they have no hope that they can be helped. However, family and friend

30、s should keep trying to get the depressed person to seek help, because up to 15 percent of those who suffer from severe clinical depression commit suicide.（分数：70.00）(1).Major depressive episodes happen to women earlier than men.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).People who suffer from groups of depressive episodes

31、 feel bad all the time.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).A large percentage of severe depression can he relieved or treated but in reality, most of them are not seriously taken.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(4).People who suffer from the reactive depression are very possibly unable to lead a normal life.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).Doc

32、tors assume that Seasonal Affective Disorder might occur when there is a higher degree of released _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Some middle-aged people tend to suffer from Biochemical depression which might result from _ within the brain.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).Just like fatigue and weakness, depression is one

33、 symptom of_.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).Treatment for depression in teenagers as well as adults requires _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).According to interpersonal theory of depression; people might be mentally ill without enough _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).A depressed person might feel hopeless, helpless and overwhelmed

34、 if he is inclined to _ of life.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、BPart Listenin(总题数：7，分数：252.00)Section A（分数：56.00）A.The man and the woman went to the cinema to see a film on space exploration.B.Both of the man and the woman appreciated the film on TV very much.C.Both of the man and the woman liked space explorati

35、on.D.The woman was impressed by the exploration the man made.A.He is curious.B.He is impatient.C.He is exhausted.D.He is satisfied.A.The womans boss didnt know she was late for work.B.The womans boss asked why she wasnt there on time.C.The womans boss doesnt have a habit of being on time.D.The woman

36、s boss wants her to keep a habit of being punctual.A.50 minutes.B.30 minutes.C.25 minutes.D.15 minutes.A.A professional window cleaner.B.Automotive salesperson.C.Service station attendant.D.Grocery store manager.A.She should be careful about how to spend her money.B.She should not buy the brown suit

37、.C.She should think carefully when she wants to buy the brown suit.D.He would help her to buy the brown suit.A.Their parents cut back the loan to them.B.The woman doesnt want to take another English course.C.They cant afford the rent of this month.D.The womans boss refused to give her a raise.A.Look

38、ing for an apartment.B.Looking for a job.C.Taking a suburban excursion.D.Asking the man for his opinions.BQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.It is getting things done through other people.B.It is helping an organization find the right staff.C.It is ass

39、embling people of different abilities.D.It is communicating between colleagues.A.They should be avoided by all means.B.They are bad for effective management.C.They can be good for an organization.D.They are surprisingly complicated.A.Delegation is a ticket to foreign trade.B.Managers shouldnt merely

40、 be a “doer“.C.Leadership is a born ability.D.Delegation is the most important thing in management.BQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard./B（分数：28.00）A.Many of her books are bestsellers.B.She is a shrewd bookstore owner.C.She is promoting her book in person.D.She is a

41、salesperson at the bookstore.A.It has been the bestseller for weeks.B.It advises people to change themselves.C.It is being sold at a very low price.D.It distinguishes cooperators.A.A man careful with money.B.A book-lover.C.A noisy reader.D.A trouble-maker.A.Someone who always talks about himself.B.T

42、he most violent type of co-workers.C.Someone who stabs your back.D.The most common annoying type of people.BSection B/BBPassage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.She worked in a supermarket for tuition.B.She helped someone to learn to read.C.She gave si

43、ngle mothers the help that they needed.D.She went to a training program to help a volunteer.A.She knew where the goods were in the supermarket.B.She asked others to take her to the right place.C.She managed to find the goods by their looks.D.She remembered the names of the goods.A.Marie benefited a

44、lot from the practical lessons.B.Marie was able to read stories with the help of her son.C.Marie decided to continue her studies in school.D.Marie found her lessons more challenging than her childrens.B Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard./B（分数：21.00）A.The gove

45、rnment wants to show more concern for the health of the people.B.The government needs to import more goods from abroad.C.The Japanese have been working too hard.D.The Japanese hope to change the western prejudice.A.The shorter hours they work, the higher pay they can enjoy.B.The more they work, the

46、less leisure they can enjoy.C.The shorter hours they work, the less pay they can get.D.The greater pressure they bear, the unhappier they can he.A.Small companies.B.Industrialists.C.Trade unions.D.The younger generation.B Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard./

47、B（分数：28.00）A.They were controlled less strictly by the authorities.B.They treated their workers more humanely.C.They completely ignored consumers health.D.They turned out more unhealthy products at will.A.Paid much attention to the results of scientific discoveries.B.Seldom introduced safety laws before disasters occurred.C.Hardly ever looked into the causes of tragedies.D.Imposed safety rules as soon as accidents took place.A.There are altogether three departments which protect customers and workers.B.A company with poor or dangerous working conditions is like