大学六级-1098及答案解析.doc

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1、大学六级-1098 及答案解析(总分：712.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.1. 目前大学生逃课现象很普遍2. 分析大学生逃课的原因3. 你对这一现象的看法Class Skipping in Colleges（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：1，分数：70.00)Obesity EpidemicAsk anyone why there is an obesity epidemic and they will say that its all down to eating too much a

2、nd burning too few calories. That is undoubtedly true. But its also true that we live in an “obesogenic (肥胖基因的) environment“: calorific food is plentiful and cheap and our lifestyles are increasingly sedentary.Now, obesity researchers are increasingly dissatisfied with such explanations. They believ

3、e that something else must have changed in our environment to cause such dramatic rises in obesity over the past 40 years or so. Nobody is saying that the “big two“ - reduced physical activity and increased availability of food - are not important contributors to the epidemic. But they cannot explai

4、n it all.Earlier this year a review paper by 20 obesity experts set out the 9 most plausible alternative explanations for the epidemic. Here they are.Not Enough SleepIt is widely believed that sleep is for the brain, not the body. Could a shortage of shut-eye also be helping to make us fat?Several l

5、arge epidemiological studies suggest there may be a link. People who sleep less than 7 hours a night tend to have a higher body mass index (BMI) than people who sleep more, according to data gathered by the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Similarly, the US Nurses Health Study fo

6、und that those who slept an average of 5 hours a night gained more weight during the study period than those who slept 6 hours, who in turn gained more than those who slept 7.Its well known that obesity impairs sleep, so perhaps people get fat first and sleep less afterwards. But the nurses study su

7、ggests that it can work in the other direction too: sleep loss may cause weight gain. One factor that could be at work here is the way sleep deprivation alters metabolism (新陈代谢). Leptin, the hormone that signals satiety (过饱), falls while ghrelin, which signals hunger, rises - and this boosts appetit

8、e.Climate ControlWe humans, like all warm-blooded animals, can keep our core body temperatures pretty much constant regardless of whats going on in the world around us. We do this by altering our metabolic rate, shivering or sweating. Keeping warm and staying cool take energy.Theres no denying that

9、surrounding temperatures have changed in the past few decades. In the US, the changes have been at the other end of the thermometer as the proportion of homes with air conditioning rose from 23 to 47 per cent between 1978 and 1997. In the southern states - where obesity rates tend to be highest - th

10、e number of houses with air con has shot up to 70 per cent from 37 per cent in 1978.Could air conditioning in summer and heating in winter really make a difference to our weight? Sadly, there is some evidence that it does - at least with regard to heating.Less SmokingBad news: smokers really do tend

11、 to be thinner than the rest of us, and quitting really does pack on the pounds, though no one is sure why. It probably has something to do with the fact that nicotine is an appetite suppressant and appears to up your metabolic rate.Katherine Flegal and colleagues at the US National Center for Healt

12、h Statistics in Hyattsville, Maryland, have calculated that people kicking the habit have been responsible for a small but significant portion of the US epidemic of fatness. From data collected around 1991 by the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, they worked out that people who ha

13、d quit in the previous decade were-much more likely to be overweight than smokers and people who had never smoked. Among men, for example, nearly half of quitters were Overweight compared with 37 per cent of nonsmokers and only 28 per cent of smokers.Prenatal EffectsYour chances of becoming fat may

14、be set, at least in part, before you are even born. Children of obese mothers are much more likely to become obese themselves later in life. While this may be largely down to genetics, there is also evidence that some “intrauterine (子官内的) programming“ goes on.Offspring of mice fed a high-fat diet du

15、ring pregnancy are much more likely to become fat than the offspring of identical mice fed a normal diet. And the effect persists for two or three generations. Grandchildren of mice fed a high-fat diet grow up fat even if their own mother is fed normally - so your fate may have been sealed even befo

16、re you were conceived.Fat Equals FecundHeavier people have more children. A study by Lee Ellis at Minot State University in North Dakota found “small but highly-significant correlations“ between BMI and reproductive rates. Women of normal weight or below had an average of 3.2 children, while overwei

17、ght or obese women had an average of 3.5 children.Does having more children make women gain weight, or does being overweight cause women to have more children? Probably both. Having lots of kids can increase the chances of getting fat - if for no other reason than poor sleep. But Ellis also showed t

18、hat peoples BMI before they become parents is associated with the number of children they eventually have.As David Allison of the University of Alabama at Birmingham points out, obesity can. Lead to lower socioeconomic status, which in turn is associated with having more children.So why is this rele

19、vant to the epidemic. Its because obesity is heritable - twin studies indicate its about 65 per cent genetic - so a tendency for this to be associated with having a large family will cause the proportion 9f overweight people to go up.A Little Older .Some groups of people just happen to be fatter tha

20、n others. Surveys carried out by the US National Center for Health Statistics found that adults aged 40 to 79 were around three times as likely to be obese as younger people. Non-white females also tend to fall at the plumper end of the spectrum: Mexican-American women are 30 per cent more likely th

21、an white women to be obesity, and black women have twice the risk.In the US, these groups account for an increasing percentage of the population. Between 1970 and 2000 the chunk of the US population aged 35 to 44 grew by 43 per cent. The proportion of Hispanic-Americans also grew, from under 5 per c

22、ent to 12.5 per cent of the population, while the proportion of black Americans increased from 11 to 12. 3 per cent. These demographic shifts may account in part for the increased prevalence of obesity.More DrugsIn the 1970s a new class of antipsychotic (安定药) medication called neuroleptics came on t

23、he market, and millions of people worldwide now take these drugs. Alongside their undoubted success in treating psychosis, they have a drawback: users typically gain 4 kilograms in the first 10 weeks, and another 4 or 5 kg in the year that follows.Neuroleptics are not the only class of drugs to caus

24、e weight gain: There are many drugs which have all been associated with packing on the pounds.So have pharmaceuticals contributed to the obesity epidemic? There is no firm evidence either way, but there is no doubt that the use of all these drugs has mirrored the rise in obesity over the past 30 yea

25、rs.PollutionIn daily life, people are exposed to tens of thousands of industrial chemicals: pesticides, dyes, perfumes, plastics, to name but a few. We swallow them, inhale them and absorb them through our skin.There is some evidence that low levels of some of these chemicals can lead to weight gain

26、. Mice given small amounts of the pesticide, for instance, more than doubled their body fat. Hexachloro-benzene, another pesticide, caused rats to gain significantly more than controls, despite eating half as much. Studies of humans exposed to PCBs by eating fish caught in North Americas Great Lakes

27、 have found similar associations: the more the toxic load, the greater the body weight.Mature MumsMothers around the world are getting older. In the UK, the mean age for having a first child is 27.3, compared with 23.7 in 1970. Mean age at first birth in the US has also increased, rising from 21.4 i

28、n 1970 to 24. 9 in 2000.Study found that the odds of a child being obese increases about 14 per cent for every five extra years of their mothers age, though why this should be so is not entirely clear.As family size decreases, firstborns account for a greater share of the population. In 1964, the Br

29、itish woman gave birth to an average of 2. 95 children; by 2005 that figure had fallen to 1.79. This combination of older mothers and more single children could be contributing to the obesity epidemic.（分数：70.00）(1).Bad eating habits, increased food availability, increasingly sedentary lifestyle and

30、reduced physical activity are the first four causes of the obesity epidemic.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(2).Less sleep can gain us weight, because it raises our leptin, which triggers us to eat more.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(3).Air conditioning, especially heating in winter could really make us gain weight.（分数：7.00）填空项

31、1:_(4).Smokers and people who never smoke will not be overweight.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(5).Children who have fat mothers are much more likely to become obese themselves later in life because of _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(6).Studies indicate that obesity is heritable, and the heritability is _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(7).

32、Black women are _ per cent more likely to be obese than Mexican-American women.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(8).An increasing percentage of the old population may partly increase _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(9).Studies of humans eating fish with PCBs have found that _.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_(10).Mothers getting older and _ could

33、 also account for the obesity epidemic.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：3，分数：105.00)Questions 11 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：56.00）A.Only hold one party.B.Keep the party small.C.Keep the party a secret.D.Arrange the party only by they

34、 two.A.The man can come another time.B.There would be more fun without the mans roommate.C.It is no problem if the mans roommate refuses to come.D.The man can bring the roommate along and enjoy the party.A.Linda made her own guitar.B.Linda taught herself to play the piano.C.Linda taught herself to p

35、lay the guitar.D.Linda doesnt have much talent for music.A.He shouldnt have apologized.B.He will find a better way of apologizing.C.He couldnt find a right word to make an apology.D.His friend is asking for more than just an apology.A.She offered to help the man.B.She borrowed the books from the man

36、.C.She brought the books the man asked for.D.She let the man use her books for the weekend.A.The woman likes arguing,B.The woman should get a job.C.The woman should work in a factory.D.The woman spends too much money.A.She is eager to be accepted by the university.B.She is waiting to see if she coul

37、d get the job from Coles.C.She is expecting to see if Cole would lend her some cash.D.She has no idea about whether she can afford the university tuition.A.Write Daisy a note of apology.B.Return Daisys notes in a few days.C.Apologize when Daisy is less angry.D.Let her talk to Daisy about the situati

38、on.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.They dont get rid of flabby arms.B.They can damage arm muscles.C.They arent acceptable to most people.D.They can raise ones blood pressure.A.Exercising the entire body.B.Having your blood pressure taken daily.C.Losin

39、g weight prior to exercising.D.Weighing in before each exercise session.A.Wearing arm weights while you are swimming.B.Jogging vigorously in one place for a long time.C.Using bicycles that require you to use both your arms and legs.D.Walking slowly while swinging your arms back and forth.Questions 2

40、2 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.5:15.B.4:45.C.5:45.D.4:15.A.He shouted at his wife.B.He just stood there.C.He crawled under the table.D.He lost consciousness.A.They just lived in the first floor.B.Their apartment building is lower than normal.C.The floor below t

41、heir apartment was totally flattened.D.The ground was heightened because of the earthquake.A.It was gone completely.B.It stayed Where it was before the earthquake.C.It moved to another place and collapsed totally.D.It kept standing there though moved.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage OneQuestions 2

42、6 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.Foreign words are best suited for announcements.B.The ideas expressed in foreign words sound new.C.Foreign words make new subjects easier to understand.D.The use of foreign words makes the media more popular.A.They trust the media.B.Th

43、ey respect experts.C.They are willing to learn about new things.D.They are good at learning foreign languages.A.Foreign products and experts.B.The interest of young Japanese.C.Best-selling Japanese textbooks.D.The media and government papers.A.It sells very well in Japan.B.It is supported by the gov

44、ernment.C.It is questioned by the old generation.D.It causes misunderstanding among the readers.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Make everyone work for you.B.Get everyone to help you.C.Let people know you have the final say.D.Keep giving orders t

45、o everyone.A.Gleason thought his wonderful idea was accepted by the director.B.Gleason succeeded in hitting upon a wonderful idea.C.Gleason was confident about his work the next day.D.Gleason appreciated the directors way of directing films.A.Directing a FilmB.The Key to SuccessC.A Wonderful Experie

46、nceD.Working with Film StarsPassage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.To protect beachfront property.B.To reduce the traffic on beach roads.C.To provide privacy for homeowners.D.To define property limits.A.By sending water directly back to the sea with

47、great force.B.By reducing wave energy.C.By reducing beach width.D.By stabilizing beachfront construction.A.Protecting roads along the shore.B.Building on beaches with seawalls.C.Adding sand to beaches with seawalls.D.Stopping building seawalls.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)People born in the autumn liv

48、e longer than those born in the spring. And they are less likely to fall (36) ill when they are older, according to an Austrian scientist. The scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research made such (37) by using census data for more than one million people in Austria, Denmark and Australia. They found that the month of birth was related to life (38) over the age of 50. (39) differences in what mothers ate during pregnancy, and infections occurring at different times of the year could both have an impact on the health of a new-born baby and could