【考研类试卷】西医综合-生理学-2及答案解析.doc

《【考研类试卷】西医综合-生理学-2及答案解析.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《【考研类试卷】西医综合-生理学-2及答案解析.doc（29页珍藏版）》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。

1、西医综合-生理学-2 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The Bible is the great work of the religious literature and was in process of formation for about twelve hundred years. The Bible is composed of (1) , legend, biography, genealogies, ethics, law, proverbial wisdom, sermons, pr

2、ophesy, lyric poetry, hymns and theology. It is not only (2) a book but a (3) of books. The Bible (4) two major (5) , the Old Testament and the NewTestament. The Old Testament was written originally almost entirely (6) Hebrew with a little Aramaic, from the eleventh to the second century BC. It is t

3、he national (7) literature of the people of Israel. The New Testament was written in Greek from about 40 AD to 150. It 8 the earliest documents (9) the life, teaching, crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus and the establishment of the (10) church. The (11) work is from the first book Genesis, to the

4、 last,Revelations. The (12) and richness of the Bible (13) literature (14) the Old Testament are unparalleled. In the literary (15) , poetry, The Bible is 16 . The Bible is an assemblage of literature. It is in a unique (17) among the worlds books (18) the richness of its (19) and spiritual values.

5、It can be called the (20) of books.（分数：10.00）(1).A fiction B history C novel D drama（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A presumably B shortly C presently D simply（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A collection B constitution C criticism D contradiction（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A makes B moderates C comprises D composes（分数：0.50）A.B.

6、C.D.(5).A diversion B distinction C divisions D discrepancy（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A on B by C with D in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A permanent B religious C identical D theoretical（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A contains B contaminates C commends D commences（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A through B on C within D by（分数：0.50）A.

7、B.C.D.(10).A Catholic B contemporary C Christian D confidential（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A vast B valid C verbal D virtual（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A divorce B distress C dismay D diversity（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A as B for C of D by（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A traditionally B conversely C especially D practically

8、（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A standard B form C stand D formation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A cunning B promising C underlying D surpassing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A place B venue C position D site（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A for B on C in D to（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A greedy B artistic C practical D absurd（分数：0.50）A.B.

9、C.D.(20).A chapter B poem C romance D book（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day. World Tuberculosis (infections disease in which growths appear on the lungs) Day is on Saturday March

10、24th.Tuberculosis was once terribly fashionable. Dying of “consumption“ seems to have been a favorite activity of garret-dwelling 19th-century artists, h has, however, been neglected of late. Researchers in the field never tire of pointing out that TB kills a lot of people. According to figures rele

11、ased earlier this week by the World Health Organization, 1.6 million people died of the disease in 2005, compared with about 3m for AIDS and l m for malaria. But it receives only a fraction of the research budget devoted to AIDS. Americas National Institutes of Health, for example, spends 20 times a

12、s much on AIDS as on TB. Nevertheless, everyone seems to getting in on the TB-day act this year.The Global Fund an international organization responsible fur fighting all three diseases but best known for its work on AIDS, has used the occasion to trumpet its tuberculosis projects. The fund claims t

13、hat its anti-TB activities since it opened for business in 2002 have saved the lives of over 1m people. The World Health Organization has issued a report that contains some good news. Although the number of TB cases is still rising, the rate of illness seems to have stabilized; the caseload, in othe

14、r words, is growing only because the population itself is going up.Even drug companies are involved. In the nm-up to the day itself, Eli Lilly announced a $ 50m boost to its MDRTB Global Partnership. MDR stands for multi-drug resistance, and it is one of the reasons why TB is back in the limelight.

15、Careless treatment has caused drug-resistant strains to evolve all over the world. The course of drugs needed to clear the disease completely takes six mouths, anti persuading people lo stay that course once their symptoms have gone is hard. Unfortunately, those infected with MDR have to be treated

16、with less effective, more poisonous and more costly drugs. Naturally, these provoke still more. non-compliance and thus still more evolution.The other reason TB is back is its relationship to AIDS. The (global Funds joint responsibility for the diseases is no coincidence. AIDS does not kill directly

17、. Rather, HIV, the virus that causes it, weakens the bodys immune system and exposes the sufferer to secondary infections. Of these, TB is one of the most serious. It kills 200 000 AIDS patients a year. However, some anti-TB drugs interfere with the effect of some anti-HIV drugs. Conversely, in abou

18、t 20% of cases where a patient has both diseases, anti-HIV drugs make the tuberculosis worse. The upshot is that 125 years after human beings worked out what caused TB, it is still a serious threat.（分数：10.00）(1).The first sentence “Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day.“ means _.A

19、every dog enjoys good luck or success sooner or later.B human beings can deal with problems caused by disease.C Tuberculosis becomes a serious infectious disease.D people attach importance to Tuberculosis recently.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).By referring to AIDS in Paragraph 2, the author intends to show _

20、.A the US government is reluctant to spend millions of dollars for Tuberculosis.B the death rate of AIDS is higher ,than that of Tuberculosis.C the officials did not pay much attention to the research of Tuberculosis in the past.D compared with AIDS, Tuberculosis can be cured effectively.（分数：2.00）A.

21、B.C.D.(3).Which of the following best defines the word “upshot“ (Line 5, Paragraph 5 )?A Outcome. B Uphold. C Achievement. D Project.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Eli Lilly devoted itself to MDR-TB, because _.A TB kills more and more AIDS patients.B TB has something to do with AIDS.C multi-drug resistance ma

22、kes Tuberculosis fashionable again.D Eli Lilly is a member of the MDR-TB Global Partnership.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following proverbs is closest in meaning to the message the text tries to convey?A Forgive and forget. B Forgotten, but not gone.C When the wound is healed, the pain is forgo

23、tten. D Every dog is valiant at his own door.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Many things make people think artists are weirdthe odd hours, the nonconformity, the clove cigarettes. However, the weirdest may be this: artists only jobs are to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on t

24、he ones that feel lousy. This wasnt always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring. In the 20th century, classical music became

25、more atonal, visual art more unsettling.Sure, there have been exceptions, but it would not be a stretch to say that for the past century or so, serious art has been at war with happiness. In 1824, Beethoven completed his “ Ode to Joy “ . In 1962, novelist Anthony Burgess used it in A Clockwork Orang

26、e as the favorite music of his ultra-violent antihero.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modem times have seen such misery. But the reason may actually be just the opposite: there is too much happiness in the world today.In the West, before mass communication and lit

27、eracy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Today the messages that the average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial, and relentlessly happy. Since these messages

28、 have an agendato pry our wallets from our pocketsthey make the very idea of happiness seem bogus. “ Celebrate! “ commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attack.What we forgetwhat our economy depends on us forgettingis that happiness

29、 is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us that it is OK not to be happy, that sadness makes happiness deeper. As the wine connoisseu

30、r movie Sideways tells us, it is the kiss of decay and mortality that makes grape juice into Pinot Noir. We need art to tell us, as religion once did, that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. Its a message even more bitter than a cl

31、ove cigarette, yet, somehow, is a breath of fresh air.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the strangest about artists?A They wear special clothes.B They rarely work in the daytime.C They mainly depict distressing things.D They are liable to take illegal drugs.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The example that “ Ode to Joy “ w

32、as used in Burgesss novel is meant to illustrate that_.A musicians and novelists share similar artistic tasteB violent people have a strong desire to be happyC serious art is often contradictory with happinessD music is enjoyed by good and bad people alike（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “ Celebrex “ i

33、n the advertisement_.A misleads people into buying dangerous drugsB reminds people of a cheerful feelingC boasts of the effectiveness of a drugD comes from a religious term（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).How could the economy depend on our forgetting things?A The economy would no/be boosted if everybody was sa

34、tisfied.B There are many new products designed for the forgetful.C We pay heavily for forgetting things easily.D People will spend more money if we believe in easy happiness.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What does the author imply with the movie Sideways?A Happiness can be found through pains and efforts.B H

35、appiness comes when everything dies.C Happiness makes sadness deeper.D Happiness is not a good thing.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)All animals must rest, but do they really sleep as we know it? The answer to this question seems obvious. If an animal regularly stops its activities and stay

36、s quiet and unmovingif it looks as though it is sleepingthen why not simply assume that it is in fact sleeping? But how can observers be sure that an animal is sleeping?They can watch the animal and notice whether its eyes are open or closed, whether it is active or lying quietly, and whether it res

37、ponds to light or sound. These factors are important clues, but they often are not enough. Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eyes, and fish and snakes cannot close them. Yet this does not necessarily mean that they do not sleep. Have you ever seen a cat dozing with an eye partly open?

38、 Even humans have occasionally been observed to sleep with one or both eyes partially open. Animals do not necessarily lie down to sleep either. Elephants, for example, often sleep standing up, with their tusks resting in the fork of a tree. Finally, while “sleeping“ animals often seem unaware of ch

39、anges in the sounds and light and other stimuli around them, that does not really prove they are sleeping either.Observations of animal behavior alone cannot fully answer the question of whether or not animals sleep. The answers come from doing experiments in “sleep laboratories“ using a machine cal

40、led the electroencephalograph (EEC). The machine is connected to animals and measures their brain signals, breathing, heartbeat, and muscle activity. The measurements are different when the animals appear to be sleeping than when they appear to be awake. Using the EEC, scientists have confirmed that

41、 all birds and mammals studied in laboratories do sleep. There is some evidence that reptiles, such as snakes and turtles, do not truly sleep, although they do have periods of rest each day, in which they are quiet and unmoving. They also have discovered that some animals, like chimpanzees, cats, an

42、d moles (who live underground), are good sleepers while others, like sheep, goats, and donkeys, are poor sleepers. Interestingly, the good sleepers are nearly all hunters with resting places that are safe from their enemies. Nearly all the poor sleepers are animals hunted by other animals: they must

43、 always be watching for enemies, even when they are resting.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, all animals_.A. spend some time restingB. close their eyes when sleepingC. are good sleepersD. are poor sleepers（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The statement, “Horses and cows, for example, rarely close their eye

44、s“ aims to show that_.A. these animals rarely need any restB. they almost always keep alert to dangerC. they often stay awakeD. their eyes are rarely closed even when they are asleep（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).How can researchers in “sleep laboratories“ tell that the animals they are observing are asleep o

45、r not?A. They see if the animals respond to light and sound.B. They do this by observing changes in the animals brain signals, breathing, heartbeat, and muscle activity.C. They see if the animals eyes are closed.D. They can tell this by seeing if the animals lie down or not.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Acco

46、rding to the research findings mentioned in the passage, reptiles_.A. such as turtles and snakes cannot close their eyesB. cannot be studied with an EECC. do not sleep in the true sense of the wordD. do not need to rest（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Animals that are good sleepers_.A. need to have a good sleep

47、 after they have exhausted themselves by getting rid of hunting animalsB. need to have a good sleep after they get tired from hunting other animalsC. are all mammalsD. almost always have a safe resting place（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.七、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The collapse of Enron, the largest bankruptcy in Ame

48、rican history, has rung out a banner year for American business failures. In Europe, the fallout from the Swissair and Sabena insolvencies continues. In the current global slump, more companies are likely to go under. Now is a perfect time to reconsider how to handle such failures: let them sink, or give them a chance to swim?In America, bankruptcy has come to mean a second chance for bust businesses. The famous “Chapter 11“ law aims to give a company time to get back on its feet, by shielding it from debt payments and prodding banks to negotiate with their debtor. It even allows an inso