【考研类试卷】西医综合-生理学-1及答案解析.doc

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1、西医综合-生理学-1 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It is often observed that the aged spend much time thinking and talking about their past lives, (1) about the future. These reminiscences are not simply random or trivial memories, (2) is their purpose merely to make conversat

2、ion. The old persons recollections of the past help to (3) an identity that is becoming increasingly fragile: (4) any role that brings respect or any goal that might provide (5) to the future, the individual mentions their past as a reminder to listeners, that here was a life (6) living. (7) , the m

3、emories form part of a continuing life (8) , in which the old person (9) the events and experiences of the years gone by and (10) on the overall meaning of his or her own almost completed life.As the life cycle (11) to its close, the aged must also learn to accept the reality of their own impending

4、death. (12) this task is made difficult by the fact that death is almost a (13) subject in the United States. The mere discussion of death is often regarded as (14) As adults many of us find the topic frightening and are (15) to think about itand certainly not to talk about it (16) the presence of s

5、omeone who is dying. Death has achieved this taboo (17) only in the modern industrial societies. There seems to be an important reason for our reluctance to (18) the idea of death. It is the very fact that death remains (19) our control; it is almost the only one of the natural processes (20) is so.

6、（分数：10.00）(1).A better than B rather than C less than D other than（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A so B even C nor D hardly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A preserve B conserve C resume D assume（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A performing B playing C undertaking D lacking（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A orientation B implication C successio

7、n D presentation（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A worthy B worth C worthless D worthwhile（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A In a word B In brief C In addition D In particular（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A prospect B impetus C impression D review（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A integrates B incorporates C includes D interacts（分数：0.50）A.B.C.

8、D.(10).A reckons B counts C reflects D conceives（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A keeps B draws C inclines D tends（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A Therefore B And C Yet D Otherwise（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A taboo B dispute C contempt D neglect（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A notorious B indecent C obscure D desperate（分数：0.50）A.B.

9、C.D.(15).A ready B willing C liable D reluctant（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A at B on C with D in（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A status B circumstance C environment D priority（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A encounter B confront C tolerate D expose（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A under B above C beyond D within（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(20)

10、.A which B what C as D that（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Data security used to be all about spending big bucks on firewalls to defend data at the network perimeter and on antivirus software to protect individual computers. Internet

11、-based computing, or cloud computing, has changed all that, at the same time expanding exponentially the chances for data thieves and hackers. The cloud creates other opportunities too. a handful of security vendors now deliver security as a service-a one-two punch of hardware and software that moni

12、tors and manages an enterprises data security and bills customers only for the computing power they use. “For years, security was about big companies pushing technology to their customers,“ says Qualys CEO and founder Philippe Courtot. “Now its about the customers pulling precisely what they need an

13、d providing them with those resources on demand. “ Qualys, a privately held company in Redwood Shores, Calif. , was among the first to embrace the service-oriented model, in 1999. Today four different modules of QualysGuard, its flagship offering, are used by more than 3500 organizations in 85 count

14、ries. The company performs more than 200 million security audits per year. Courtot knows something about opportunity. The French entrepreneur arrived in Silicon Valley in 1987 and has built a number of companies into big-time players, including Signio, an electronic-payment start-up that was eventua

15、lly sold to VeriSign in a combined deal for more than $1 billion. As CEO, he rebuilt Verity and transformed cc:Mail, a once unknown firm of 12 people, into a dominant e-mail platform before Lotus acquired it in 1991. “Throughout my career, Ive been able to recognize that for a technology to succeed,

16、 it must have a purpose,“ he says. “Technology itself has no value. Its what you do with it that counts. “ Under the old paradigm, according to Courtot, enterprises overspent for stand-alone security devices that became unruly and difficult to operate over the long term He says Qualys attacks the fl

17、aws in this strategy by streamlining security and tackling most of the service delivery through the cloud. “We control the infrastructure, software updates, quality assurance and just about everything in between,“ he says. The firm unveiled QualysGuard in 2000. After an infusion of $ 25 million from

18、 the venture firm Trident Capital and another $ 25 million from Gourtot, Qualys tweaked the service to focus mostly on vulnerability management. Much of the companys current revenue-sales, topped $ 50 million last year-is being driving by a set of standards established by the Payment Card Industry S

19、ecurity Standards Council (PCISSC). “The PCI standard has been a major driver of business for all of them, especially Qualys,“ says Avivah Litan, a vice president and analyst at market-research firm Gartner. “When everyone has to comply, theres a lot of work to go around. /（分数：10.00）(1).The traditio

20、nal way to ensure data security is by _. A applying for cloud computing B installing firewalls and antivirus programs C decreasing the chances for hackers D using a handful of hardwares and softwares（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The phrase “one-two punch“ (Line 2, Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to _. A f

21、ight B negative effect C small size D combination（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Whats Courtots contribution to cc:Mail? A He transformed co Mail into a dominant e-mail platform. B He tackled most of the service delivery through the cloud. C He pushed technology to their customers. D He invested a lot of money

22、 to ensure customers security.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the text, which one about Qualys is TRUE? A It is a state-owned business company. B It is the first company that supports service-oriented model. C It can streamline security and tackle most of service delivery. D It doesnt focus mostly

23、 on vulnerability management.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The authors attitude towards the PCI standard is A supportive B critical C opposed D nonchalant（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Many will know that the word “muscle“ comes from the Latin for “mouse“ (rippling under the skin, so to speak ). Bu

24、t what about “chagrin“, derived from the Turkish for roughened leather, or scaly sharkskin. Or “lens“ which comes from the Latin “lentil“ or “window“ meaning “eye of wind“ in old Norse? Looked at closely, the language comes apart in images, like those strange paintings by Giuseppe Arcimboldo where h

25、eads are made of fruit and vegetables. Not that Henry Hitchingss book is about verbal surrealism. That is an extra pleasure in a book which is really about the way the English language has roamed the world helping itself liberally to words, absorbing them, forgetting where they came from, and moving

26、 on with an ever-growing load of exotics, crossbreeds and subtly shaded near-synonyms. It is also about migrations within the languages own borders, about upward and downward mobility, about words losing their roots, turning up in new surroundings, or lying in wait, like “duvet“ which was mentioned

27、by Samuel Johnson, for their moment. All this is another way of writing history. The Arab etymologies of “ saffron “, “crimson“ and “sugar“ speak of Englands medieval trade with the Arab world. We have “cheque“ and “tariff“ from this source too, plus “arithmetic“ and “algorithm“-just as we have “etc

28、h“ and “sketch“ from the Dutch, musical terms from the Italians and philosophical ones from the Germans. French nuance and finesse are everywhere. At every stage, the book is about people and ideas on the move, about invasion, refugees, immigrants, traders, colonists and explorers. This is a huge su

29、bject and one that is almost bound to provoke question-marks and explosions in the margins-soon forgotten in the books sheer sweep and scale. A balance between straight history and word history is sometimes difficult to strike, though. There is a feeling, occasionally, of being bundled too fast thro

30、ugh complex linguistic developments and usages, or of being given interesting slices of history for the sake, after all, of not much more than a “gong“ or a “moccasin“. But it is churlish to carp. The authors zest and grasp are wonderful. He makes you want to check out everything-“ carp“ and “zest“

31、included. Whatever is hybrid, fluid and unpoliced about English delights him. English has never had its Acad mie Francaise, but over the centuries it has not lacked furious defenders against foreign “corruption“. There have been rearguard actions to preserve its “manly“ pre-Norman origins, even to r

32、econstruct it along Anglo-Saxon lines: “wheel- saddle“ for bicycle, “painlore“ for pathology. But the omnivorous beast is rampant still. More people speak it as their second language than as their first. Forget the language of Shakespeare. Its “Globish“ now, the language of aspiration. No one owns i

33、t, a cause for despair to some. Mr. Hitchings admits to wincing occasionally, but almost on principle he is more cheerful than not. （分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, which of the following is TRUE? A “Muscle“ derives from Italian. B “Chagrin“ derives from Turkish. C “Crimson“ derives from Persian

34、. D “Sketch“ derives from German.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is the trend in the English language that this book emphasizes? A The English language is becoming assimilated with other languages. B Differences between languages are more and more obvious. C The English language is always absorbing words

35、from other languages and turning them into its own. D The English language is gradually losing its linguistic vitality.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Why does the author quote the paintings by Giuseppe Arcimboldo? A Language is like vegetables and fruits. B Language is composed of various colourful elements.

36、C Language can be seen as various pictures. D Most words in languages have their origins in vegetables or fruits.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following may NOT be the reason of language integration according to the text? A Cultural communication. B International trades. C Colonism, emigration a

37、nd immigration. D Internal motivation of languages.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).According to the text, what does “Acad mie Francaise“ refer to? A An institute that aims at protecting the purity of language. B An institute established by France to promote French education in the world. C An institute of Fran

38、ce that have all the renowned scholars in France. D An institute of higher education in France, especially famous for its authentic language education.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in

39、several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts, stress the “ how to“ aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview,

40、 its context, and implications. Much of the “how to“ material is based on personal experiences and general impression. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalize

41、d principles can be developed. There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articl

42、es on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical (经验的) aspects of the interview as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attenti

43、on to the journalistic interview. The fact that the general literature on interviewing does not deal with the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in a positive manner, with jour

44、nalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getting information necessary for

45、 the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journalistic interview by virtue o

46、f our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analysis and even study, as this book indicates. （分数：10.00）(1).The main idea of the first paragraph is that A generalized principles for jo

47、urnalistic interviews are the chief concern for writers on journalism B concepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to journalistic interviewing C importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing D personal experiences and general impressions sh

48、ould be excluded from journalistic interviews（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Much research has been done on interviews in general_. A but journalistic interviewing as specific field has unfortunately been neglected B though the study of the interviewing techniques hasnt received much attention C so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthened D and there has also been a dramatic growth in the study of journalistic interviewing（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview, _. A but most of them wish to stay away from it B and many of them ho