【考研类试卷】英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编9及答案解析.doc

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1、英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 9 及答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：24，分数：48.00)1.The sense relationship between “John plays the piano“ and “John plays a musical instrument“ is _.(北二外 2004 研)（分数：2.00）A.synonymyB.antonymyC.entailment2.Conceptual meaning is not_（分数：2.00）A.affectiveB.cognitiveC.logicD.denotative

2、3.The semantic triangle holds that the meaning of a word_（分数：2.00）A.is interpreted through the mediation of concept.B.is related to the thing it refers to.C.is the idea associated with that word “in the minds of speakers“.D.is the image it is represented in the mind.4.Lexical ambiguity arises from p

3、olysemy or_which can not be determined by the context.（分数：2.00）A.homonymyB.antonymyC.meronymyD.synonymy5.The speech act theory was developed by_.(对外经贸 2006 研)（分数：2.00）A.John SearleB.John AustinC.LevinsonD.G. Leech6.Point out which item does not fall under the same category as the rest.(Focus on the

4、type of illo-cutionary act)(南京大学 2007 研)（分数：2.00）A.threatenB.adviseC.beseechD.urge7._is using a sentence to perform a function.(西安外国语学院 2006 研)（分数：2.00）A.A perlocutionary actB.An illocutionary actC.A locutionary actD.Speech act8.By saying “You have left the door wide open,“ a speaker might be perfor

5、ming the three acts; locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary_.(西安交大 2008 研)（分数：2.00）A.at the same timeB.one after anotherC.two first and then the otherD.one first and then the other two9.The Illocutionary Act was developed by_.(西安交大 2008 研)（分数：2.00）A.John AustinB.LevinsonC.John LyonsD.John Sea

6、rle10.According to the conversation maxim of_suggested by Grice, one should speak truthfully.(西安外国语学院 2006 研)（分数：2.00）A.quantityB.qualityC.relevanceD.manner11.Which of the following is NOT one of the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle?(对外经贸 2006 研)（分数：2.00）A.the maxim of quantityB.the maxim of

7、 qualityC.the maxim of mannerD.the maxim of strength12._variation of language is the most discernible and definable in speech variation.（分数：2.00）A.RegionalB.SocialC.StylisticD.Idiolectal13.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in _and vocabulary.（分数：2.00）

8、A.diglossiaB.bilingualismC.pidginizationD.blending14._are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations.（分数：2.00）A.SlangB.Address termsC.RegistersD.Education varieties15.Probably the most widespread and familiar ethnic variety of the English language is_.（分数：2.00）A.British E

9、nglishB.American EnglishC.Black EnglishD.Australian English16._refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straight forward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.（分数：2.00）A.Lingua francaB.CreoleC.PidginD.Standard language17._is defined as a conscious process of accumulating

10、 knowledge of a second language usually obtained in school settings.（分数：2.00）A.CompetenceB.PerformanceC.LearningD.Acquisition18._is the study of psychological aspect of language.（分数：2.00）A.language acquisitionB.applied linguisticsC.psycholinguisticsD.pragmatics19.A child acquires his/her mother tong

11、ue invariably through these phases: _, one-word, two-word and multiword.（分数：2.00）A.no-wordB.babblingC.talkingD.uttering20.In the following sentences, which is not a metonymy?（分数：2.00）A.The sax has the flu today.B.Watergate changed American politics.C.Wall Street is in a panic.D.She is the apple in h

12、er parents“ eyes.21.Which is not a type of iconicity?（分数：2.00）A.Iconicity of distanceB.Iconicity of complexityC.Iconicity of intimacyD.Iconicity of order22.In Krashen“ s monitor theory, “i“ in “i +1“ hypothesis of second language acquisition refers to _.(对外经贸 2006 研)（分数：2.00）A.interactionB.interfere

13、nceC.inputD.intake23.Negative transfer in learning a second language is known as_.（分数：2.00）A.interferenceB.interlanguageC.fossilizationD.acculturation24._sees errors as the result of the intrusion of L1 habits over which the learner had no control.（分数：2.00）A.error analysisB.performance analysisC.con

14、trastive analysisD.discourse analysis二、名词解释(总题数：1，分数：2.00)25.arbitrariness（四川大学 2006 研)（分数：2.00）_英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 9 答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：24，分数：48.00)1.The sense relationship between “John plays the piano“ and “John plays a musical instrument“ is _.(北二外 2004 研)（分数：2.00）A.synonymyB.an

15、tonymyC.entailment 解析：解析：（如果知道一个句子的真假能够判断另一个句子的真假，那么第一个句子就蕴含了第二个句子。题中如果第一个句子为真，则第二句为真；第一句为假，第二句或真或假。所以第一句蕴含第二句。)2.Conceptual meaning is not_（分数：2.00）A.affective B.cognitiveC.logicD.denotative解析：解析：（概念意义是逻辑的、认知的、外延的内容，而不是感情的。)3.The semantic triangle holds that the meaning of a word_（分数：2.00）A.is inte

16、rpreted through the mediation of concept. B.is related to the thing it refers to.C.is the idea associated with that word “in the minds of speakers“.D.is the image it is represented in the mind.解析：解析：（语义三角学说认为词汇的意义是通过概念表现出来的。)4.Lexical ambiguity arises from polysemy or_which can not be determined by

17、the context.（分数：2.00）A.homonymy B.antonymyC.meronymyD.synonymy解析：解析：（当语境无法决定多义词或同音异义词的具体含义时，就会产生分歧。)5.The speech act theory was developed by_.(对外经贸 2006 研)（分数：2.00）A.John SearleB.John Austin C.LevinsonD.G. Leech解析：解析：（言语行为理论是哲学家约翰奥斯丁在他如何以言行事一文中提出的。它从哲学意义上对语言交际的本质进行解释，其目的在于回答“用语言干什么”这个问题。)6.Point out

18、 which item does not fall under the same category as the rest.(Focus on the type of illo-cutionary act)(南京大学 2007 研)（分数：2.00）A.threaten B.adviseC.beseechD.urge解析：解析：（A 为命令性言语行为，而其他三项为指示性言语行为。)7._is using a sentence to perform a function.(西安外国语学院 2006 研)（分数：2.00）A.A perlocutionary actB.An illocutiona

19、ry actC.A locutionary actD.Speech act 解析：解析：（约翰奥斯丁在他如何以言行事一文中提出言语行为理论，此理论对语言交际的本质进行解释，即指出言语行为是指用一句话来发挥作用去完成某些事情。)8.By saying “You have left the door wide open,“ a speaker might be performing the three acts; locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary_.(西安交大 2008 研)（分数：2.00）A.at the same timeB.one

20、after anotherC.two first and then the otherD.one first and then the other two 解析：解析：（言语行为理论中的发话行为先发生，然后行事行为和取效行为才发生。行事行为和取效行为属于话后行为。)9.The Illocutionary Act was developed by_.(西安交大 2008 研)（分数：2.00）A.John AustinB.LevinsonC.John LyonsD.John Searle 解析：解析：（美国的哲学语言学家约翰舍尔对言语行为理论的发展做出了巨大的贡献，尤其是他对行事行为的分类。)1

21、0.According to the conversation maxim of_suggested by Grice, one should speak truthfully.(西安外国语学院 2006 研)（分数：2.00）A.quantityB.quality C.relevanceD.manner解析：解析：（格莱斯的合作原则有四条准则，它们分别为数量、质量、关系和方式准则。其中质量准则指设法使你的话语真实。1不要讲明知是虚假的话；2不要说没证据的话。)11.Which of the following is NOT one of the four maxims of the Coop

22、erative Principle?(对外经贸 2006 研)（分数：2.00）A.the maxim of quantityB.the maxim of qualityC.the maxim of mannerD.the maxim of strength 解析：解析：（格莱斯的合作原则有四条准则，它们分别为数量、质量、关系和方式准则。)12._variation of language is the most discernible and definable in speech variation.（分数：2.00）A.Regional B.SocialC.StylisticD.Idio

23、lectal解析：解析：（地域变异是指由于言语使用者们地区的不同而呈现出来的言语变异现象。语言的地域变异是最明显的，也是最容易界定的。)13.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in _and vocabulary.（分数：2.00）A.diglossiaB.bilingualismC.pidginization D.blending解析：解析：（美国英语和英国英语最大的不同在于词语的洋泾浜化。)14._are language varieties appropri

24、ate for use in particular speech situations.（分数：2.00）A.SlangB.Address termsC.Registers D.Education varieties解析：解析：（语域是特殊人群使用的言语变体，通常指具有相同职业或具有同样爱好的人。某一语域通常具有自己一些独特的词汇或使用词或短语的特殊方式，而使其与其他语域区分开来。)15.Probably the most widespread and familiar ethnic variety of the English language is_.（分数：2.00）A.British

25、EnglishB.American EnglishC.Black English D.Australian English解析：解析：（黑人英语很可能是分布范围最广的、英语语言中人们最熟悉的少数民族语言变体。)16._refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straight forward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.（分数：2.00）A.Lingua francaB.CreoleC.Pidgin D.Standard language解析：解析：

26、（皮钦语不是任何人的母语，是在交往联系的情况下（例如交易)学习的语言变体。)17._is defined as a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of a second language usually obtained in school settings.（分数：2.00）A.CompetenceB.PerformanceC.Learning D.Acquisition解析：解析：（在学校里我们会学到第二语言，对第二语言知识的这种有意识的积累，叫做“学习”。)18._is the study of psychological asp

27、ect of language.（分数：2.00）A.language acquisition B.applied linguisticsC.psycholinguisticsD.pragmatics解析：解析：（语言习得是从心理学的角度来研究语言，主要研究儿童不自觉地自然地掌握母语的过程。)19.A child acquires his/her mother tongue invariably through these phases: _, one-word, two-word and multiword.（分数：2.00）A.no-wordB.babbling C.talkingD.ut

28、tering解析：解析：（婴儿学习母语的过程分为四个阶段：呀呀学语阶段，单语词阶段，双语词阶段和多语词阶段。)20.In the following sentences, which is not a metonymy?（分数：2.00）A.The sax has the flu today.B.Watergate changed American politics.C.Wall Street is in a panic.D.She is the apple in her parents“ eyes. 解析：解析：（其他三句为转喻，D 为暗喻。)21.Which is not a type o

29、f iconicity?（分数：2.00）A.Iconicity of distanceB.Iconicity of complexityC.Iconicity of intimacy D.Iconicity of order解析：解析：（象似性有距离象似性，复杂象似性以及顺序象似性。)22.In Krashen“ s monitor theory, “i“ in “i +1“ hypothesis of second language acquisition refers to _.(对外经贸 2006 研)（分数：2.00）A.interactionB.interferenceC.inpu

30、t D.intake解析：解析：（克拉申的“监控理论”中有一种二语习得输入假说，他用 i 表示学习者现有水平，用 1 表示略高于的水平，这就是克拉申的“i+1”输入假说。)23.Negative transfer in learning a second language is known as_.（分数：2.00）A.interference B.interlanguageC.fossilizationD.acculturation解析：解析：（语言学习者在学习第二语言时，难免受到母语的种种影响。其中有正面的影响，称作正迁移，也有负面的影响，称作负迁移或者干扰。)24._sees error

31、s as the result of the intrusion of L1 habits over which the learner had no control.（分数：2.00）A.error analysisB.performance analysisC.contrastive analysis D.discourse analysis解析：解析：（对比分析是通过对比不同语言来确定潜在错误的方法，它将错误看作是受母语习惯的结果，并认为这是学习者无法控制的。)二、名词解释(总题数：1，分数：2.00)25.arbitrariness（四川大学 2006 研)（分数：2.00）_正确答案

32、：(正确答案：Arbitrariness refers to the fact that the forms of linguistic signs be no natural relationship to their meaning. Arbitrariness of language makes it potentially creative; a conventionality of language makes a language be passed from generation to generation. For example, it is unable to explain why a book is called a /buk/ and a pen a /pen/.)解析：