【考研类试卷】英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编8及答案解析.doc

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1、英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 8 及答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、填空题(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.In phonological analysis the words fail-veil are distinguishable simply because of the two phonemes/f/-/v/. This is an example for illustrating 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2.In English there are a number of 1, which are produced by moving f

2、rom one vowel position to another through intervening positions.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.The different members of a phoneme, sounds which are phonetically different but do not make one word different from another in meaning, are 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.Phonetic similarity means that the 1of a phoneme must bear

3、 some phonetic resemblance.（中山大学 2011 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.The 1is the minimal distinctive unit in grammar, a unit which cannot be divided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether lexical or grammatical.（北二外 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.Some morphemes like -ish, -ness, -ly, -dis, tr

4、ans-, un- are never words by themselves but are always parts of words. These affixes are 1morphemes.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_7.There are two fields of morphology: the study of 1and the study of 2.（人大 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_8. 1is a branch of linguistics that studies the interrelationship between phono

5、logy and morphology.（南开大学 2007 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_9. 1is a relatively complex form of compounding in which a new word is formed by joining the initial part of one word and the final part of another word. For example, the English word smog is made from 2and 3.（人大 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_10.An 1is prono

6、unced letter by letter, while an 2is pronounced as a word.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.Words are divided into simple, compound and derived words on the 1level.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_12.IC is the short form of immediate 1used in the study of syntax.（北二外 2003 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_13. 1refers to ties and connections which

7、 exist within texts. They are also called formal links between sentences and between clauses.（人大 2007 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_14.Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called 1rules, whose operation may change the syntactic representation of a sentence.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_15.The level of syntac

8、tic representation that exists before movement takes place is commonly termed 1 structure.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_16.A 1is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_17.The branch of grammar which studies the int

9、ernal structure of sentences is called 1.(北二外 2010 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_18.According to G Leech, 1meaning is the communicative value an expression has by virtue of what it refers to, over and above its purely conceptual content.（北二外 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_19.According to G Leech, 1meaning refers to log

10、ic, cognitive, or denotative content.(北二外2005 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_20.According to G. Leech, 1 meaning refers to what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/ writer.(北二外 2007 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_21.Terms like “apple“ , “banana“ and “pear“ are 1of the term “fruit“.（北二外 2007 研)（分数：2.0

11、0）填空项 1:_22.“X buys something from Y“ and “ Y sells something to X“ are in a relation of 1.（北二外2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_23.“Mary gave a book to Jack“ is synonymous with “Jack 1a book from Mary. “(北二外 2005 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_24. 1= PARANT(x, y)&MALE(x).（北二外 2005 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_25. 1= CHILD(x, y)& MAL

12、E(x).（北二外 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 8 答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、填空题(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.In phonological analysis the words fail-veil are distinguishable simply because of the two phonemes/f/-/v/. This is an example for illustrating 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Minimal pairs）解析：解析：（如果有

13、两个词，它们除了出现在同一位置上的一个音外，其余的音都一样，那么这两个词就构成了一个最小的对立体，所以 fail 一 veil 是最小对立体。)2.In English there are a number of 1, which are produced by moving from one vowel position to another through intervening positions.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Diphthongs）解析：解析：（如果在发音时通过舌头的一次运动，由第一个单元音滑向第二个单元音，这样产生的音的组合就叫做双元音。)3

14、.The different members of a phoneme, sounds which are phonetically different but do not make one word different from another in meaning, are 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Allophones）解析：解析：（同一个音位在不同语音环境中的实现方式被称为该音位的音位变体。因为变体是互补分布的，而且发音相似。)4.Phonetic similarity means that the 1of a phoneme must bear s

15、ome phonetic resemblance.（中山大学 2011 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：allophones）解析：解析：（语音的相似性指一个音位的音位变体必须具备某些语音相似性。)5.The 1is the minimal distinctive unit in grammar, a unit which cannot be divided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether lexical or grammatical.（北二外 2008研)（分数：2.0

16、0）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：morpheme）解析：解析：（语素是最小的语言单位，不能再进一步分成更小的单位而不破坏或彻底改变词汇意义或语法意义。)6.Some morphemes like -ish, -ness, -ly, -dis, trans-, un- are never words by themselves but are always parts of words. These affixes are 1morphemes.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：bound）解析：解析：（粘着语素指不能单独出现，必须跟至少一个其他语素共同出现的语素

17、。)7.There are two fields of morphology: the study of 1and the study of 2.（人大 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：inflectional）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：lexicalderivational）解析：解析：（在形态学中，有两大主要研究方面，一是词的屈折变化，一是词的派生。)8. 1is a branch of linguistics that studies the interrelationship between phonology and morphology.（南

18、开大学 2007 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Morphophonology）解析：解析：（形态音系学是语言学的一个分支，主要研究形态学与音系学的关系。)9. 1is a relatively complex form of compounding in which a new word is formed by joining the initial part of one word and the final part of another word. For example, the English word smog is made from 2and

19、3.（人大 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Blending）解析：解析：（混成法是指一个词由两个单词混合而成，一般把第一个单词的开头部分和第二个单词的最后部分连接起来，或者是把两个单词的开头部分连接起来。)10.An 1is pronounced letter by letter, while an 2is pronounced as a word.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：initialism：acronym）解析：解析：（首字母缩写和缩略词的区别在于，前者是一个一个字母读，后者是按单词读。)11.Words are di

20、vided into simple, compound and derived words on the 1level.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：morphemic）解析：解析：（从词素的角度来讲词可以划分为简单词、合成词和派生词。)12.IC is the short form of immediate 1used in the study of syntax.（北二外 2003 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：constituent）解析：解析：（直接成分分析法是一种句法分析方法。它指先把句子分析为直接成分词组（或短语)，再把这些直

21、接成分依次切分，得到各自的直接成分，层层切分，直到最终成分为止。)13. 1refers to ties and connections which exist within texts. They are also called formal links between sentences and between clauses.（人大 2007 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Cohesion）解析：解析：（衔接不是一个句法概念，它指文本中存在的一种意义上的联系或关系，也包括句子或分句之间存在的一种形式上的联系。)14.Syntactic movement is

22、 dictated by rules traditionally called 1rules, whose operation may change the syntactic representation of a sentence.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：transformational）解析：解析：（句法移位是受传统上被称为转换规则的这些规则所支配的，转换规则的运用会改变句子的句法表达方式。)15.The level of syntactic representation that exists before movement takes place is

23、 commonly termed 1 structure.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：deep）解析：解析：（深层结构是指一个结构体的句法属性的抽象表述，即不同成分之间的结构关系，深层结构一般指移位前的结构。)16.A 1is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：sentence）解析：解析：（句子在结构

24、上是一个独立的单位，通常包括许多词用以构成一个完整的陈述，提问或者命令。)17.The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentences is called 1.(北二外 2010 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：syntax）解析：解析：（句法学是研究句子内部结构的一门学科。)18.According to G Leech, 1meaning is the communicative value an expression has by virtue of what it ref

25、ers to, over and above its purely conceptual content.（北二外 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：connotative）解析：19.According to G Leech, 1meaning refers to logic, cognitive, or denotative content.(北二外2005 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：conceptual）解析：解析：（利奇认为概念意义是指逻辑的、认知的、外延的内容。)20.According to G. Leech,

26、1 meaning refers to what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker/ writer.(北二外 2007 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：affective）解析：解析：（利奇认为感情意义是指所传达的关于说话人作者感情、态度方面的意义。)21.Terms like “apple“ , “banana“ and “pear“ are 1of the term “fruit“.（北二外 2007 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：hyponym

27、s）解析：解析：（在上下义关系中，一个坐标词通常有很多下义词。同类中的成员叫做同下义词。题中“苹果”和“香蕉”都是“水果”的下义词。)22.“X buys something from Y“ and “ Y sells something to X“ are in a relation of 1.（北二外2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：synonymy）解析：解析：（“X 从 Y 那里买东西”与“Y 卖给 X 东西”的意思相同，所以两句话的关系是同义关系。)23.“Mary gave a book to Jack“ is synonymous with “

28、Jack 1a book from Mary. “(北二外 2005 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：receive）解析：解析：（同义关系句的表达，“Mary 给 Jack 书”即“Jack 从 Mary 那得到一本书”。)24. 1= PARANT(x, y)&MALE(x).（北二外 2005 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：father）解析：解析：（同时满足“父母亲“和“男性”的条件的只能是“父亲”。)25. 1= CHILD(x, y)& MALE(x).（北二外 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：son）解析：解析：（同时满足“孩子”和“男性”的条件的只能是“儿子”。)