【考研类试卷】英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编2及答案解析.doc

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1、英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 2 及答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、填空题(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the 1it is associated with.（人大 2007 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2.Human languages enable their users to sym

2、bolize objects, events and concepts which are not present(in time and space)at the moment of communication. This quality is labeled as 1.（北二外 2003 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.By duality is meant the property of having two levels of structures,such that units of the 1level are composed of elements of the 2le

3、vel and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.(北二外 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_4.The features that define our human languages can be called 1 features.（北二外 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.The term 1originates from Malinowski“s study of the functions of language performed by Trobri

4、and Islanders.It refers to the social interaction of language.(中山大学 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.Halliday proposes a theory of metafunctions of language, that is, language has 1, interpersonal and textual functions.（中山大学 2008 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_7.Our language can be used to talk about itself. This is the

5、 1function of language.（中山大学 2005 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_8.Linguistics is usually defined as the 1study of language.(北二外 2003 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_9. 1studieshowthespeech soundsaremade, transmitted, andreceived, and 2studies the rules governing the structure,distribution and sequencing of speech sounds and

6、the shape of syllables.（人大 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_10. 1studies meaning in language, 2 is about principles of forming and understanding correct English sentences, and 3 is concerned with the internal organization of words. They are all among the main branches of linguistics.（人大 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:

7、_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_11.In Saussure“s view, the relationship between signifier(sound image)and signified(concept)is 1.(北二外 2003 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_12.1 1is the study of the language-processing mechanisms. It is concerned with the storage , comprehension, production and acquisition of language; 2on the othe

8、r hand, attempts to show the relationship between language and society.They both belong to branches of macrolinguistics.（人大 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_13.Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics(utterances)as 1and 2. The former refer

9、s to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing.（人大 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_14. 1 grammars attempt to tell what is in the language, while 2grammars tell people

10、 what should be in the language.Most contemporary linguists believe that whatever occurs naturally in the language should be described.（人大 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_15.One of the important distinctions in linguistics is 1and performance.（人大 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_16.Theory that primitive man made invol

11、untary vocal noises while performing heavy work has been called the 1theory.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_17.The description of a language as it changes through time is a 1study.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_18.Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure“s langue and Chomsky“s 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_19.The soundbcan be described wi

12、th “ 1, bilabial, stop“.（北二外 2004 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_20.Consonant articulations are relatively easy to feel and as a result are most conveniently described in terms of 1and manner of articulation.（北二外 2004 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_21. 1are produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some plac

13、e to divert, impede, or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity.（中山大学 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_22.Consonant articulations are relatively easy to feel, and as a result are most conveniently described in terms of place and 1of articulation.(北二外 2008 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_23.The soundkcan be d

14、escribed with “voiceless, 1, stop“.（北二外 2003 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_24. 1refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sound.(中山大学 2005 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_25.Stress refers to the degree of 1used in producing a syllable.（中山大学 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 2 答案解析(总分：

15、50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、填空题(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the 1it is associated with.（人大 2007 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：meaning）解析：解析：（语言具有任意性，其所指与其形式没有逻辑或内在的联系。)2.Human languages

16、enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not present(in time and space)at the moment of communication. This quality is labeled as 1.（北二外 2003 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：displacement）解析：解析：（移位性是指人类语言可以让使用者在交际时用语言符号代表时间和空间上不可及的物体、事件和观点。)3.By duality is meant the proper

17、ty of having two levels of structures,such that units of the 1level are composed of elements of the 2level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.(北二外 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：primary）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：secondary）解析：解析：（双重性是指拥有两层结构的这种属性，底层结构是上层结构的组成成分，每层都有自身的组合规则。)4.T

18、he features that define our human languages can be called 1 features.（北二外 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：design）解析：解析：（人类语言区别于其他动物交流系统的特点是语言的区别特征，是人类语言特有的特征。)5.The term 1originates from Malinowski“s study of the functions of language performed by Trobriand Islanders.It refers to the social inter

19、action of language.(中山大学 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：phatic communion）解析：解析：（寒暄功能是指那些有助于确立和维持人际关系的表达，最先由 Malinowski 提出。)6.Halliday proposes a theory of metafunctions of language, that is, language has 1, interpersonal and textual functions.（中山大学 2008 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：ideational）解

20、析：解析：（韩理德将儿童的语言功能范围逐渐缩小，简化成为一套高度符号化和抽象化的功能：概念、人际、语篇功能。)7.Our language can be used to talk about itself. This is the 1function of language.（中山大学 2005 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：metalingual）解析：解析：（语言的元语言功能是指语言可以用来讨论语言本身。)8.Linguistics is usually defined as the 1study of language.(北二外 2003 研)（分数：2.0

21、0）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：scientific）解析：解析：（语言学通常被定义为研究科学的语言，或对语言的科学研究。)9. 1studieshowthespeech soundsaremade, transmitted, andreceived, and 2studies the rules governing the structure,distribution and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.（人大 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：phonetics：

22、phonology）解析：解析：（语音学研究语音是如何产生，传播以及接收的；音系学研究支配语音分布和排列的规则以及音节的形式。)10. 1studies meaning in language, 2 is about principles of forming and understanding correct English sentences, and 3 is concerned with the internal organization of words. They are all among the main branches of linguistics.（人大 2006 研)（

23、分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：semantics）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：syntax）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：morphology）解析：解析：（语义学研究语言的意义，句法学研究构成句子的规则，形态学研究词汇的内部结构。三者都是语言学的分支。)11.In Saussure“s view, the relationship between signifier(sound image)and signified(concept)is 1.(北二外 2003 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：arbitrary）解析：解析：（索绪尔认为符号

24、的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系，所以两者之间的关系是任意的。)12.1 1is the study of the language-processing mechanisms. It is concerned with the storage , comprehension, production and acquisition of language; 2on the other hand, attempts to show the relationship between language and society.They both belong to branches of mac

25、rolinguistics.（人大 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：psycholinguistics：sociolinguistics）解析：解析：（心理语言学研究语言处理机制，如语言的记忆，理解及习得等；社会语言学研究语言与社会之间的关系。)13.Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics(utterances)as 1and 2. The former refers to

26、the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing.（人大 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：langue）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：parole）解析：解析：（索绪尔用语言和言语来区分说话者的语言能力和言语上（表达的)的实际表现或语料。)14. 1 gra

27、mmars attempt to tell what is in the language, while 2grammars tell people what should be in the language.Most contemporary linguists believe that whatever occurs naturally in the language should be described.（人大 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：descriptive：prescriptive）解析：解析：（描述性语言记录语言共同体的成员所遵循的规

28、则，规定式的语言学目的在于为正确使用语言定下各种规则。)15.One of the important distinctions in linguistics is 1and performance.（人大 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：competence）解析：解析：（语言能力指理想的语言使用者关于语言规则的语言知识，语言应用指语言交际中关于语言规则知识的实际使用。)16.Theory that primitive man made involuntary vocal noises while performing heavy work has be

29、en called the 1theory.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：yo-he-ho）解析：解析：（语言的起源有“汪汪”理论，“噗噗”理论和“哟嘿吼”理论。“哟嘿吼”理论语言起源于原始人共同劳动时发出的有节奏的哼哟声。)17.The description of a language as it changes through time is a 1study.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Diachronic linguistic）解析：解析：（历时语言学集中研究几十年或几百年的时期内两个或比两个更多的语言状况的差异。)18.Ling

30、uistic potential is similar to Saussure“s langue and Chomsky“s 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Competence）解析：解析：（索绪尔的语言与乔姆斯基的语言能力相似，因为二者都指抽象的语言知识，不是实际使用中的语言。)19.The soundbcan be described with “ 1, bilabial, stop“.（北二外 2004 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：voiced）解析：解析：（b是双唇音，爆破音，浊音。)20.Consonant articul

31、ations are relatively easy to feel and as a result are most conveniently described in terms of 1and manner of articulation.（北二外 2004 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：place）解析：解析：（辅音根据发音方式和发音部位进行分类。)21. 1are produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert, impede, or comp

32、letely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity.（中山大学 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：consonants）解析：解析：（发音时，声道的某些部位受到压缩或阻碍后，使得气流在口腔里转向、受阻或完全被阻塞而产生的音叫做辅音。)22.Consonant articulations are relatively easy to feel, and as a result are most conveniently described in terms of place and 1of articulati

33、on.(北二外 2008 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：manner）解析：解析：（辅音根据发音方式和发音部位进行分类。)23.The soundkcan be described with “voiceless, 1, stop“.（北二外 2003 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：velar）解析：解析：（k是清音，软腭音，爆破音。)24. 1refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sound.(中山大学 2005 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：assimilation）解析：解析：（同化指一个音具有了邻近音的一部分或者全部特征的这一过程，包括鼻化、齿化、鄂化。)25.Stress refers to the degree of 1used in producing a syllable.（中山大学 2006 研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：force）解析：解析：（重音指在音节发音时所用的力度。)