【考研类试卷】英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编29及答案解析.doc

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1、英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 29及答案解析(总分：88.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、填空题(总题数：12，分数：24.00)1.The structural approach to the analysis of language was started by the Swiss linguist 1 in the beginning of the twentieth century. (中山大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_2.Functional Sentence Perspective (FSP) is a theory of linguistic analy

2、sis which describes how 1is distributed in sentences. (中山大学 2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_3.Systemic-Functional Grammar, unlike traditional grammar which takes sentence as the largest unit, takes 1as the basic unit. (中山大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_4.In Hallidays Systemic Grammar, a system is a list of things be

3、tween which it is possible to choose. So they are meanings, which the grammar can distinguish. The items in a system are called 1. (中山大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_5.The principal representative of American descriptive linguistics is L. Bloomfield, whose book 1 (1933) was once held as the model of scient

4、ific methodology. (中山大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_6.The publication of Syntactic Structures (1957) marked the beginning of the 1. (中山大学2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_7.In 1979, Chomsky delivered a series of lectures Pisa, Italy, which were revised later and published under the tide of 1. (中山大学 2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项

5、 1:_8. 1is an approach that stresses the relationships of elements in a sentence. It is a type of generative grammar developed by C.J. Fillmore. (中山大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_9. 1, born in 1 928, is all American linguist, educator, and political activist. He is the founder of transformational-generati

6、ve grammar, a system that revolutionized modem linguistics.(北京邮电大学 2010研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_10.The Prague School is best known and remembered for its contribution to phonology and the distinction between 1and phonology.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_11.Chomsky argues that LAD probably consists of three elements, that

7、 is a 1, linguistic universal, and an evaluation procedure.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_12.Systemic-Functional Grammar takes the actual uses of language as the object of study, while Chomskys TG Grammar takes the ideal speakers linguistic 1 as the object of study.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_二、判断题(总题数：6，分数：12.00)13.Functiona

8、l grammar is an approach to linguistics that goes in through meaning. (对外经贸2005研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假14.According to the innateness hypothesis, infants are born able to speak a language. (北二外 2007研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假15.In the Classical theory, Chomskys aim is to make linguistics a science. This theory is ch

9、aracterized by three features: (1) emphasis on prescription of language; (2) introduction of transformational rules; and (3) grammatical description regardless of language formation. (南开大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假16.Generative grammar is a system of rules that in some explicit and well-defined way assi

10、gns structural descriptions to sentences. (南开大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假17.American Structuralism is a branch of diachronic linguistics that emerged independently in the United States at the beginning of the twentieth century.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假18.If two sentences have exactly the same ideational and inter

11、personal functions, they would be the same in terms of textual coherence.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假三、单项选择题(总题数：5，分数：10.00)19.According to_ theory, grammar refers to the initial state of the human language faculty. (西安外国语学院 2006研)（分数：2.00）A.SaussuresB.BloomfieldsC.ChomskysD.Hallidays20._rules may change the syn

12、tactic representation of a sentence. (西安交通大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.GenerativeB.TransformationalC.X-barD.Phrase structure21.Generally speaking, the_specifies whether a certain tagmeme is in the position of the Nucleus or of the Margin in the structure.（分数：2.00）A.SlotB.ClassC.RoleD.Cohesion22.The most impo

13、rtant contribution of the Prague School to linguistics is that it sees language in terms of_.（分数：2.00）A.functionB.meaningC.signsD.system23.Chomsky follows_in philosophy and mentalism in psychology.（分数：2.00）A.empiricismB.behaviourismC.rationalismD.mentalism四、简答题(总题数：6，分数：12.00)24.Why is Saussure hail

14、ed as the father of modem linguistics? (四川大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）_25.What are the three important points of the Prague School? (北交大学 2005研)（分数：2.00）_26.What are the major concerns of the Prague School theory? (北航 2008研)（分数：2.00）_27.What is your understanding of Systemic Functional Grammar? (北航 2010研)（分数：

15、2.00）_28.What is behaviourism?（分数：2.00）_29.What is the relationship between linguistics and behaviorism according to Bloomfield?（分数：2.00）_五、名词解释(总题数：7，分数：14.00)30.Ferdinand de Saussure (中山大学 2005研)（分数：2.00）_31.Textual function (西安外国语学院 2006研)（分数：2.00）_32.The London School of Linguistics (中山大学 2005研)

16、（分数：2.00）_33.Surface structure (四川大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）_34.Transformational-Generative grammar (浙江大学 2003研)（分数：2.00）_35.Language Acquisition Device (LAD) (武汉大学 2005研)（分数：2.00）_36.Innateness hypothesis（分数：2.00）_六、1 举例说明题(总题数：8，分数：16.00)37.A discussion on Saussure as the father of modern linguistics. (武汉

17、大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）_38.What are the unique features of Hallidays systemic linguistics? (北航 2008研)（分数：2.00）_39.How does Halliday relate the functions performed by language to its structures? (北京邮电大学 2010研；中山大学 2005研)（分数：2.00）_40.Chomsky sets up three different targets to aim at: observational adequacy

18、, descriptive adequacy and explanatory adequacy. Define and discuss them. (浙江大学 2007研)（分数：2.00）_41.The roles of Transformational-Generative linguistics and Functional linguistics in language teaching and learning. (武汉大学 2007研)（分数：2.00）_42.What are the distinctive features of American structuralism?

19、(武汉大学 2011年研)（分数：2.00）_43.Can you make a brief introduction to Systemic-Functional Grammar?（分数：2.00）_44.What is characteristic of TG grammar?（分数：2.00）_英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 29答案解析(总分：88.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、填空题(总题数：12，分数：24.00)1.The structural approach to the analysis of language was started by the Swiss lin

20、guist 1 in the beginning of the twentieth century. (中山大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Saussure）解析：解析：对语言的结构性分析方法是在 20世纪初，由瑞士语言学家索绪尔开启的，他被称为“现代语言学之父”和一位“使语言学走向现代的大师”。2.Functional Sentence Perspective (FSP) is a theory of linguistic analysis which describes how 1is distributed in sentences. (中山大学

21、 2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：information）解析：解析：功能句子观是一套语言学分析理论，它是指用信息论的原理来分析话语或文本。3.Systemic-Functional Grammar, unlike traditional grammar which takes sentence as the largest unit, takes 1as the basic unit. (中山大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：clause）解析：解析：与传统语法不同，系统功能语法把句子作为最大单位，把分句作为最小单位

22、。4.In Hallidays Systemic Grammar, a system is a list of things between which it is possible to choose. So they are meanings, which the grammar can distinguish. The items in a system are called 1. (中山大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：options）解析：解析：系统就是存在于语法中的一系列选择。系统语法的目的是要说明语言作为系统的内部底层关系，它是与意义相关联

23、的可供人们不断选择的若干子系统组成的系统网络。5.The principal representative of American descriptive linguistics is L. Bloomfield, whose book 1 (1933) was once held as the model of scientific methodology. (中山大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Language）解析：解析：布龙菲尔德是描述语言学的主要代表，他的著作语言曾被当做科学方法的典范。6.The publication of Syntact

24、ic Structures (1957) marked the beginning of the 1. (中山大学2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Chomsky Revolution）解析：解析：1957 年，乔姆斯基写了一本名为句法结构的著作，这本书标志着“乔姆斯基改革时代”的到来，从此，乔姆斯基在语言学界的地位变得极为重要。7.In 1979, Chomsky delivered a series of lectures Pisa, Italy, which were revised later and published under the tide

25、of 1. (中山大学 2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Lectures on Government and Binding）解析：解析：1979 年，乔姆斯基开展了一系列的讲座，之后把讲座内容写成一本书，叫做管辖与约束，即修正的扩展的标准理论。8. 1is an approach that stresses the relationships of elements in a sentence. It is a type of generative grammar developed by C.J. Fillmore. (中山大学 2006研)（分数：2.

26、00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Case Grammar）解析：解析：格语法是美国语言学家菲尔墨在 60代中期提出来的，它是着重探讨句法结构与语义之间关系的一种语法理论和语义学理论。9. 1, born in 1 928, is all American linguist, educator, and political activist. He is the founder of transformational-generative grammar, a system that revolutionized modem linguistics.(北京邮电大学 2010研)（分数

27、：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：Norman Chomsky）解析：解析：乔姆斯基，生于 1928年，是美国著名的语言学家，教育家。他是转换生成语法的创始人。10.The Prague School is best known and remembered for its contribution to phonology and the distinction between 1and phonology.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：phonetics）解析：解析：布拉格学派主要的贡献是对音系学的研究和对音系学与语音学的区分。11.Chomsky

28、 argues that LAD probably consists of three elements, that is a 1, linguistic universal, and an evaluation procedure.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：hypothesis-maker）解析：解析：乔姆斯基的语言习得机制由 3个元素组成：对语言的假想，语言的普遍性和评价。12.Systemic-Functional Grammar takes the actual uses of language as the object of study, while

29、Chomskys TG Grammar takes the ideal speakers linguistic 1 as the object of study.（分数：2.00）填空项 1:_ （正确答案：正确答案：competence）解析：解析：系统功能语法把实际中的语言现象当做其研究对象，而乔姆斯基的转换生成语法把理想说话者的语言能力作为研究对象。二、判断题(总题数：6，分数：12.00)13.Functional grammar is an approach to linguistics that goes in through meaning. (对外经贸2005研)（分数：2.0

30、0）A.真B.假 解析：解析：功能语法的基础是语言系统及其成分由它们所提供的作用和功能所决定，而非其意义。14.According to the innateness hypothesis, infants are born able to speak a language. (北二外 2007研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假 解析：解析：乔姆斯基的天赋假设是说，儿童与生俱来拥有一种语言学习的能力，叫做“语言习得机制”。即儿童天生拥有语法关系及语法范畴的知识，而不是说孩子天生就会说话。15.In the Classical theory, Chomskys aim is to make li

31、nguistics a science. This theory is characterized by three features: (1) emphasis on prescription of language; (2) introduction of transformational rules; and (3) grammatical description regardless of language formation. (南开大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假 解析：解析：乔姆斯基的古典理论有三个特点：(1)重视语言的生成能力，而非规定性；(2)转换规则的介绍；

32、(3)语法描述，不研究意义，而非不研究语言形式。16.Generative grammar is a system of rules that in some explicit and well-defined way assigns structural descriptions to sentences. (南开大学 2004研)（分数：2.00）A.真 B.假解析：解析：乔姆斯基用“生成语法”这一概念来指“一套用来给句子进行结构描写，定义明确严格的规则系统”。17.American Structuralism is a branch of diachronic linguistics t

33、hat emerged independently in the United States at the beginning of the twentieth century.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假 解析：解析：美国结构主义是共时语言学的一个分支，独立地诞生于二十世纪初的美国，它并不是历时语言学的分支。18.If two sentences have exactly the same ideational and interpersonal functions, they would be the same in terms of textual coherence.（分数：2.00

34、）A.真B.假 解析：解析：概念功能和人际功能完全相同的两个句子可以有不同的语篇功能。三、单项选择题(总题数：5，分数：10.00)19.According to_ theory, grammar refers to the initial state of the human language faculty. (西安外国语学院 2006研)（分数：2.00）A.SaussuresB.BloomfieldsC.ChomskysD.Hallidays 解析：解析：韩礼德认为，人类语言能力的最初形式即是对语法知识的了解。20._rules may change the syntactic rep

35、resentation of a sentence. (西安交通大学 2008研)（分数：2.00）A.GenerativeB.Transformational C.X-barD.Phrase structure解析：解析：乔姆斯基的转换规则会改变一个句子的句法结构。21.Generally speaking, the_specifies whether a certain tagmeme is in the position of the Nucleus or of the Margin in the structure.（分数：2.00）A.Slot B.ClassC.RoleD.Cohe

36、sion解析：解析：派克认为，语言的三种等级系统中的每一个层次都具有轨位、类别、作用和接应这四个特点的语言单位。轨位决定了法位在结构中是处于核心还是边缘位置。22.The most important contribution of the Prague School to linguistics is that it sees language in terms of_.（分数：2.00）A.function B.meaningC.signsD.system解析：解析：布拉格学派将语言看作是在所属语言群体中发挥一系列功能的工具，这是其对语言学界的一大贡献。23.Chomsky follows

37、_in philosophy and mentalism in psychology.（分数：2.00）A.empiricismB.behaviourismC.rationalism D.mentalism解析：解析：乔姆斯基在他的研究中运用了心理学中的理性主义和哲学中的心灵主义。四、简答题(总题数：6，分数：12.00)24.Why is Saussure hailed as the father of modem linguistics? (四川大学 2006研)（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：Saussure occupies such an important place i

38、n the history of linguistics that he is often described as “father of modern linguistics“: (1) The book Course in General Linguistics (1916), which is the most important source of Saussures ideas, marked the beginning of modern linguistics. (2) Saussure was the first to notice the complexities of la

39、nguage. He believed that language is a system of signs, called conventions. He held that the sign is the union of the signifier and the signified. (3) By providing answers to questions concerning many aspects of language, Saussure made clear the object of study for linguistics as a science. His idea

40、s on the arbitrary nature of sign, on the relational nature of linguistic units, on the distinction of langue and parole and of synchronic and diachronic linguistics, etc. pushed linguistics into a brand new stage.)解析：25.What are the three important points of the Prague School? (北交大学 2005研)（分数：2.00）

41、_正确答案：(正确答案：The three important points developed in Prague School are: (a) It was stressed that the synchronic study of language is fully justified as it can draw on complete and controllable material for investigation but no rigid theoretical barrier is erected to separate diachronic study. (b) There was an emphasis on the systemic character of language. (c) Language was looked on as functional in another sense, that is, as a tool performing a number esse